Production Of Sugar Syrups (Molasses) From Cane Sugar Sticks
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Abstract
This is a project work that is on the production of Sugar Syrup (molasses) from raw cane sugar by succession crystallization, usually three in number. The first crop of crystal is known as “first” sugar and the resultant mother ligous which is separated from them in centrifugal machine is known as “first molasses. The first molasses is recrystallized to obtain a second crop of crystals and resulting mother ligour known as second molasses. On the further crystallization gives a mother ligour known as third or final molasses.
The objective of the crystallization is to remove sucrose and leave non sucrose materials in solution. This non sucrose material is called ‘molasses syrup’.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Historical Background 1
1.2 Aims of the Study 2
1.3 Statement of Problems of the Study 3
1.4 Significant of the Study 4
1.5 Limitation of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 6
2.1 Sugar Cane Plant 6
2.2 Seedling Production 7
2.3 Growth and Culture 8
2.4 Harvesting 9
2.5 Mineral Constituents 9
2.6 Classification of Sugar 13
2.7 Structure of Sugar 13
2.8 Properties and Characteristics of Sugar Syrup 15
2.9 Functions of Sugar Syrup 15
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Materials 17
3.2 Chemical and Reagents 17
3.3 Methodology 18
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Result 20
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion 21
References 24
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Sugar is a general description of the various sugars obtained from sugar cane, sugar but and other vegetables juices. Sugar is readily soluble in water and will form crystals and tastes sweet. There are over one hundred different types of naturally accusing compounds that could be called sugar. The sugar with which most caterers are familiar is sucrose which is refined from sugar cane sticks.
All sugars are made up predominantly of reducing sugars some of which are monosaccharides like textrose; some disaccharides like maltose; and other non-reducing sugars like sucrose.
However, sugar syrup “molasses” is mixture produced form cane sugar sticks by a successive crystallization sugar and its mother liquors.
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1.1 THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The production of sugar syrup is as old as the manufacture of sugar. It was first originated from Indian subcontinent by primitive man. He learnt to extract juice form cane stacks and maple trees and cook them to a solid. These crude sugars are still widely used. The wide canes (S. barben saretha group) modern Indian and Pakistan were in cultivation by 400 BC and had reached Egypt and sincerely by 950BC.
The earliest mill were mortar and pistle arrangement, operated first by man power and then by animal and screw and levered presses were widely used for the extraction of the syrup until it was superseded by the roller mill invented by a cane – grower in sicily in Iffa.
Evaporation of the syrup extracted was done in thin clay-pans, and then metal-pan, single or in trays was practiced for centuries with the little change.
1.2 AIMS OF THE STUDY
The primary aim of this project is to produce a sugar syrup which should be favourably competitive with drastic increase in demand of the commodity in the marked.
Occasionally, because over production of
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