A STUDY ON THE EMOTIONAL MATURITY ON SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT OF FRESH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Transition from secondary school to the University is a complex process for almost all students.Adjusting to college life immediately after school becomes a difficult transition for many students.The decision to go to University depends on many reasons. It can be for higher education, earning a degree, increasing knowledge or personal growth. Going to the University gives a chance to the students to learn new things, meet new people, to deal effectively with new experiences and challenges which eventually help them in their personal growth and development.
Adjustment difficulties arise from the differences between the expectations of the students and realities of University life.Students whose expectations were fearful reported more stress, depression, and poorer university adjustment than students with other types of expectations, particularly prepared.Adjustment to the University involves a variety of demands differing in kind and degree and requiring lot of coping responses or adjustments. It’s not only academics with which the students are concerned; they are equally affected by the social and emotional changes. The first year students have an increased personal freedom where they have to make their own decisions and take the responsibility to maintain balance between various newfound demands. In college they are required to adjust to the new environment and to work out their concerns directly with the teachers. As far as the academic adjustment is concerned, students are expected to beindependent learners in college where they need to adjust with the new academic demands. It is different from what they experienced in school because here they have to face more competition, deal with more academic load and to maintain pace with other students in the class they need to follow the different teaching styles.
For fresh students it is again important to adjust themselves with the social climate of the university. A major task for them is to learn to manage their feelings and to express them appropriately.According to Geredes and Mallinckrodt (1994) who studied 155 freshmen, and found that personal adjustment and integration into the social fabric of campus life play a role at least as important as academic factors in student retention.Pascarella and Terenzini (1991) describe this transition as a “culture shock involving significant social and psychological relearning in the face of encounters with new ideas, new teachers and friends with quite varied values and beliefs, new freedoms and opportunities, and new academic, personal and social demands”.
According to Astin’s (1999) theory of involvement, a highly involved student is one who, for example, devotes considerable energy to studying, spends much time on campus, participates actively in student organizations, and interacts frequently with faculty members and other students.Enochs and Roland (2006) examined the relationship between living environment, gender, overall adjustment to college and social adjustment in freshmen’s academic and overall adjustments. The study found that boys had significantly higher overall adjustment levels than girls regardless of living environment.The main purpose of education is the progress of physical, social activity, emotion, and wisdom of student sustainability. The adequate education makes good quality human resources for a rapidly developing country. According to this reason, many countries have been trying to develop the educational quality in the national policy and strategy to enhance effective implementation.
The student’s academic achievement problem is not only occurring in Nigeria but it also in many countries around the world. Some countries have been trying to solve this problem by educational staff development, teaching processes, and parent and community cooperation and some country have been looking backward to student inner character by depicting causal relationship influencing to academic achievement. The result of studies revealed some important factor strongly related with academic achievement is “Emotional Maturity” and “Self – confidence”.
Emotional maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health, both intra-physically and intrapersonal.Emotional maturity can be understood in terms of ability of self-control which in turn is a result of thinking and learning.Emotional Maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health both intra psychically and intra personally. “An Emotional mature person is one who is able to keep a lid on feelings. He can suffer in silence. He can bide his time in spite of present discomfort. He is not subject to swing in mood, he is not volatile. When he does express emotion, he does so with moderation, decently and in good order”.
Emotional maturity is the ability to bear tension and it is the ability to develop high tolerance for disagree circumstance.Dosanjh (1956) says, ‘Emotional maturity means a balanced personality. It means ability to govern disturbing emotions, show steadiness and endurance under pressure and to be tolerantand free from neurotic tendencies’. Good (1981) has stated that emotional maturity refers to emotional patterns of an adult who has progressed through the inferior emotional stages characteristic of infancy, childhood and adolescence and is not fit to deal successfully with reality and in adult love relationship without under emotional strain.Self-confidence is considered as one of the motivators and regulators of behavior in aIndividual’s everyday life (Bandura, 1986). Self-confidence is a positive attitude of oneself towards one’s self concept. In general terms, “self-confidence refers to an individual’s perceived ability to act effectively in a situation to overcome obstacles and to get things go all right” (Basavanna 1975).Self-confidence has been directly connected to an individual’s social network, the activities they participate in, and what they hear about themselves from others. Self-confidence has been linked to factors such as psychological health, mattering to others, and both body image and physical health.
On the contrary, low self-esteem has been associated with the outcomes of depression, health problems, and antisocial behavior. Usually, adolescents of poor health will display low self-confidence.During adolescence, self-confidence is affected by age, race, ethnicity, puberty, health, body height, body weight, body image, involvement in physical activities, gender presentation, gender identity, and awakening or discovery of sexuality. Self-confidence can vary and be observed in a variety of dimensions. Components of one’s social and academic life affect self-esteem. An individual’s self-confidence can vary in different environments, such as at home or in school.Many researchers like Goswami (1980)
Agnihotri (1987) and Kaur (1993) have observed positive relationship between self-confidence and adjustmentThere is a paucity of research on assessing the adjustment processes of students in universities in Nigeria. Not much work done on student adjustment and related interventions. Deducing from above studies it has found that entering to university is considered as a time full of stress and strain many emotional and psychological issues are raised as a result. Since pursuing university degree students put their major time, energy and money into it, it is crucial to give proper attention to the problems related to adjustment among freshmen students. A major adjustment difficulty could mean an inability to graduate which in turn can affect their future.
Below is the website of our various clients from various higher institutions of learning. These are universities, polytechnic and college of education website in Nigeria.
Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo,
Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri,
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Federal College of Educ. Abeokuta, .
Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, .
Federal College of Education, Kano, .
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Federal College of Education, Zaria, .
Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka, .
Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, .
Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi, .
Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe, .
Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, .
Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, .
Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo, .
State college of education
College of Education, Agbor, .
Akwa-Ibom State College of Education, Afaha-Nsit, .
College of Education, Akwanga, .
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Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa, .
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Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoama, .
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Michael Otedola College of Primary Education, Moforiji, .
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College of Education, Benue, .
Kebbi State College of Education, Argungu, .
College of Education, Minna, .
Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, .
Oyo State College of Education, Oyo, .
College of Education, Warri, .
College of Education, Warri, .
FCT College of Education, Zuba, .
Private college of education
Angel Crown College of Education, Gidan-Daya, .
Elder Oyama Memorial College of Education, Ofat-Adun, .
Assanusiyah College of Education, Odeomu, .
African Thinkers Community of inquiry College of Education, .
Best Legacy College of Education, Ikirun, .
Bauchi Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, .
Calvin Foundation College of Education, Naka, .
Harvard Wilson College of Education, Aba, .
Hill College of Education, Akwanga, .
Institute of Ecumenical Education, Enugu, .
College of Education, Foreign Links Campus Moro, .
College of Education, Foreign Links Campus Moro, .
Diamond College of education aba . past questions,jamb news, admission form and list
Muhyideen College of Education, Ilorin, .
ONIT College of Education, Abagana, .
The African Church College of Education, Lagos, .
St. Augustine College of Education, Yaba, .
Yewa Central College of Education, Ogun, .
List of Federal Universities in Nigeria
Abubakar Tafawa Belewa University, .
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, .
Federal University of Tech, Akure, .
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, .
Federal University of Technology, Minna, .
Federal University of technology, Owerri, .
Federal University Dutsin-Ma, .
Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, .
Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, .
Michael Okpara Univeristy of Agric, Umudike, .
Modibbo Adama University of Tech, Yola, .
National Open University of Nigeria, .
Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, .
Nigeria defense Academy, Kaduna, .
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, .
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, .
University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, .
University of Agriculture Abeokuta, .
University of Agriculture Markurdi, .
University of Nigeria Nsukka, .
University of Port-Harcourt, .
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, .
List of State Universities
Abia State University, Uturu, .
Adamawa State University, Mubi, .
Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, .
Amrose Alli University, Ikot Akpaden, .
Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli, .
Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli, .
Bauchi State Unibversity, Gadau, .
Benue State University Markurdi, .
Bukar Abba Ibrahim University, Damaturu, .
Cross River State University of Sc. & Tech, Calabar, .
Delta State University Abraka, .
Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, .
Enugu State University of Sc. & Tech. Enugu, .
Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, .
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, .
Imo state University,Owerri, .
Kaduna State University, Kaduna .
Kano University of Sc. & Tech, Wudil
Kebbi State University, Kebbi, .
Kogi State University, Anyigba, .
Kwara State University, Ilorin, .
Ladoke Akintola university of Tech, .
Nasarawa State University, Keffi, .
Niger Delta University, Yenagoe, .
Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, .
Ondo State University of Sc. & Tech, Okitipupa, .
Osun State University, Oshogbo, .
Plateau State University, Bokkos, .
Rivers State University of Sc. & Tech, .
Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-ode, .
Taraba State University, Jalingo, .
Umaru Musa Yar’Adua University, .
Private Universities
Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, .
African University of Sc. & Tech, Abuja, .
Al-hikmah University, Ilorin, .
Ajayi Crowther University, Ibadan, .
Al-Qalam University, Katsina, .
American University of Nigeria, Yola, .
Babcock University, Ilishan, .
Bells University of Technology, Otta, .
Benson Idahosa University, Benin, .
Bingham University, New Karu, .
CETEP City University, Lagos, .
Crawford University, Igbesa, .
Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, .
Fountain University, Oshogbo, .
Joseph Ayo Babalola University,Ikeji, .
Kwararafa University, Wukari, .
Lead City University, Ibadan, .
Nigerian-Turkish Nile University, Abuja, .
Obong University, Obong Ntak, .
Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, .
Pan-African University, Lagos, .
Redeemer’s University, Mowe, .
Renaissance University, Enugu, .
Wesley University of Sc. & Tech, Ondo, .
Western Delta University, Oghara
List of all the Federal Polytechnics
Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force, .
Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force, .
Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, .
Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering, .
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti .
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti .
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, .
Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, .
Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, .
Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, .
Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, .
Federal Polytechnic, Namoda, .
Federal Polytechnic, Nassarawa, .
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, .
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, .
Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy, .
Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, .
Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering, .
Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, .
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi, .
List of State Polytechnics in Nigeria
Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, .
Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua, .
Gateway Polytechnic, Igbesa, .
Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, .
Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja, .
Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, .
Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, .
Osun State College of Tech, Esa-Oke, .
Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, .
Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi, .
Rivers State College of Arts and Science, .
Rivers State College of Arts and Science, .
Gateway Polytechnic Saapade, .
Edo State Inst. of Tech and Mgt, Usen, .
Niger State Poly, Zungeru, Niger State, .
List of Private Polytechnics in Nigeria
Allover Central Polytechnic, .
Dorben Polytechnic, Bwari-Garam Road, .
The Polytechnic, Ile-Ife, NITEL Road, .
Lagos City Poly, Ikeja, Lagos State, .
Light House Polytechnic, Eubuobanosa, .
Shaka Polytechnic, Polytechnic, Benin city, .
The Polytechnic Imesi-Ile, Osun, .