COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF “GATE KEEPING IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF COSMO FM AND RADIO NIGERIA ENUGU

 

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ABSTRACT

The study was to assess the gate keeping functions of the two media ownership in Nigeria (Government and Private media) and to highlight their points of differences.

In doing this, two media, the Radio Nigeria, Enugu and the Cosmo Fm Enugu were surveyed as a case study in which wide differences in their gate-keeping pattern were discovered. These difference were supported by the four hypotheses which were formulated for the study and which states that there is a difference in the gate keeping pattern between the two, that privately owned media are more objective in news reporting and news presentation; that there are more stages of news control in the government owned media than in the privately owned media and that privately owned media exercise greater freedom in their gate keeping functions than the government owned media.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE                                                                             i

APPROVAL PAGE                                                                  ii

PROJECT TOPIC                                                                     iii

DEDICATION                                                                          iv

ABSTRACT                                                                               v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                         vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                          vii – x

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUNG OF THE STUDY GATE KEEPING         1 – 3
• COMPARISON BETWEEN PRIVATE AND

GOVERNMENT OWNED MEDIA                                             4

• THE RADIO NIGERIA AS A DEPENDENT

GOVT. OWNED MEDIA.                                                      4 – 6

• THE COSMO FM ENUGU AS A PRIVATELY OWNED MEDIA.                                                                     6 – 8
• STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM                             9
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY                                           9 – 10
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY                                           10
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS                                                         10
• RESEARCH HYPOLTHESIS                                            11 – 12
• CONCEPTIONAL AND OPERATIONAL

DEFINITION OF GATE KEEPING CONCEPTUAL           12

• ASSUMPTION                                                                       13
• LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY                                  13 – 14

REFERENCE                                                                           15

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

• SOURCE OF LITERATURE                                                     16
• THE REVIEW                                                                    16 – 36
• SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW                               37

REFERENCE                                                                       38 – 39

CHAPTER THREE

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                                          40
• RESEARCH DESIGN                                                     40 – 41
• RESEARCH SAMPLE                                                           41
• MEASURING INSTRUMENT                                               42
• DATA COLLECTION                                                             42
• EXPECTED RESULTS                                                   42 – 43

REFERENCE                                                                           44

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANLYSIS AND RESULT

• DATA ANALYSIS                                                           45 – 56
• RESULT                                                                             57 – 58
• DISCUSSION                                                                    59 – 60

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDTION

FOR FUTHER STUDY

• SUMMARY                                                                     61 – 62
• RECOMMENDATION FOR THE STUDY                   62 – 63

REFERENCE                                                                  64 – 66

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                             67 – 69

QUESTIONNAIRE                                                           70 – 79

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY- GATE KEEPING

The term gate keeping was first used by an Austrian Psychologist Kurt Lewis who used it to refer to a person or group of persons who govern “the travel of news items in communication channel” the gatekeeper he defined as any person or formally organized group directly involved in relaying and transferring information from one person to another through a mass medium.

As journalism becomes a profession with an expanding scope instead of a sideline for the enterprising printer: the media began to engage more hands in their processing and governing of news travel. They also began to give the audience what they had selected in the midst of so many events which where considered news worthy based on the news selected criteria such as timeliness, human interest, prominence, consequence and proximity.

The gatekeeper was at every stage, determining what the audience saw and heard from these media. They had the power to focus attention on some events and ideas rather than other. This was the reason, white (1964) remarked that the editor “in his position as a gatekeeper sees to it that the community shall hear as a fact only those events which the newsman believe to be true” The mass media select and publicize numerous events such as birthday, speeches, trips, suicides, meetings, crimes etc to shape our image and perception of the world.

The typical gatekeeper’s cha in a modern electronic media house would comprise the reporter, the chief editor, and the controller of news, manager news and the production editor. However, the above arrangement applies to the Radio Nigeria (FRCN) Enugu, even though the positions might assume different names in other media organizations. The above-mentioned people will have to work with other gatekeepers such as the typist, proofreaders, etc to determine what is publishable as news.

The gatekeepers of news not only tries to identify but also keep the public informed by sieving the news from non-news and selecting majors events in the interest of his audience or as permitted by his own prejudice. The audience in the later uses makes their choice of what they expose themselves to through selective exposure. The need for gatekeepers to always have their audience in mind in their news selecting process was emphasized in the argument of Douglas C. Covert (1985 p 133-136) who stated “the visual compositions which please the makers may not be as acceptable to view as in commonly as assumed. This word entail that while journalists perform their function of the surveillance of the environment, socialization, educating of their audience and cultural transmission, journalists themselves would see their jobs as the echoing of every thing, rather than be at core for things.