AN ASSESSMENT OF EXCHANGE RATE POLICY MEASURES IN NIGERIA
(A Case Study of central bank of Nigeria Kaduna Branch)
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ABSTRACT
This research work is based on an Assessment of Exchange rate Policy measures in Nigeria has been written to explore the exchange rate policy measures in Nigeria during the period 2003- 2006 which is of great importance to the survival of banking industries and financial institutions. The aims of this research work is to determine the relevance of exchange rate policy measures in banks and financial institution and to highlight the necessity for maintaining adequate and effective exchange work is certain around the relevance of exchange rate policy system; the need for this research work is to enlighten banks and other financial institution on the importance exchange rate policy. The first chapter discussed related issues in the understanding of research work such as general introduction to the research topic identification of research problem, the historical background of the case study and the significance of the study. The second one focuses in review of related literature made an extensive analysis of the exchange rate policy measures. The research methodology for this research work was observation and questionnaire. The presentation and critical analysis of the finding of the research was frequency distribution method was used and single percentage (%) method was used to proof the hypothesis. And finally, this chapter five summarizes the whole research, recommendations were made thereby for improvement and conclusion was drawn. In conclusion, the researcher recommends that there is need for CBN to maintain a sound exchange rate control of dollars with naira in financial sector for stability to enhance adequate efficient and effective transmission of the monetary policy to the real sectors.
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
Exchange rate is the price of the unit of one country quotes in terms of another country’s currency i.e. it is the mathematical or quantitative expression of one country currency in terms of another’s.
Exchange rate is a very vital price mechanism that directs the movement of other prices in the domestic economy and tries to equilibrate the balance of payment. It is also the variable which affects the economics activities in a country through the impact on investment, output and inflation among others. This eventually leads to depreciation of a country’s currency.
The inadequate foreign exchange earnings. A derivation of the steep fall incurred oil prices exploring the inflation in 1984 which stood at almost 40% as a result of acute shortage of imported goods and services.
SAP was adopted in July 1986 to among other things get the price right using the foreign exchange rate reform as its century tool. In pursuit of the second tier foreign exchange market was introduced in late September 1986 and since that time the naira has depreciated sharply against the us dollar and other major currencies the development shows that a depreciation of the naira has a role to play in Nigeria’s recent inflation trend.
1.1 Background of the Study
During the period of an independent exchange rate management policy the naira was pagged to other the us dollar or the British pounds, a policy of gradual appreciation of naira was pursued. The persistent external surplus in balance of payment which supported the appreciation of naira from crude oil export.
This cheapen import of competing food items agro based and industrial raw materials to the detriment of local products of similar goods. When it because obvious that aggregate import has outstripped total foreign exchange for import trade restriction was introduced. In 1976 there was deliberate measure to depreciate the naira. In September 1986 the fixed exchange rate had to be discovered and a flexible exchange rate was introduced following the adoption of SAP. With the foreign exchange were subjected to market forces under on auction system and now naira become under valued. Exchange rate depreciation has since resulted in domestic increase in the naira price of import and the is export to discourage importation and the naira cost of imported items have also risen the dismal performance of the economy as the end of 1994 compelled the authorities to re-introduce the market-based approach under the autonomous foreign exchange market (AFEM) from January 1995 until October 1999. The exchange rate which depreciated from the fixed rate of N21.8881: US$1.00 In 1995, it further depreciated to N128.75 between 2002 and 205. However, relative stability was achieved from 2003 with the rate actually appreciating between 2005 and 2008.