GOVERNMENT USE OF EXTRAL LEGAL MEASURES AGAINST MEDIA PRACTITIONERS (A CASE STUDY OF SANI ABACHA REGIME)

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CHAPTER ONE

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Research questions

Research hypothesis

Definition of terms

Assumptions

Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Research design

Research sample

Measuring instrument

Data collection

Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary and Recommendation

References

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The media as the watchdog of the society eliminates its light on the society not for getting its responsibility of entertainment, information and educating its audience as to keep them abreast of the dynamism of the world, condemning the ills of the government and the governed, all geared towards a better society.

Media practitioners by implication cover all the people who are trained in the art of journalism and work in radio and television station, newspapers and magazines and other medium through which people get informed. The concept of the media developed right from the time the printing press was invented five centuries ago. The invention revolutionized man’s ability to communicate ideas and information. But from that time, there was always this desire of those who had control of political authority/power to create barriers against the free flow of ideas and information, which they believe could threaten their rule.

Press freedom as a concept of libertarian philosophy is always assailed by those who use quo maintained, hence, use of extract legal measures against media practitioners, which was colossal during military era. For media practitioners to carry out their duties effectively and efficiently, they should be granted certain degrees of freedom hence absolute freedom is unattainable. Media practitioners in trying to meet with its expected roles have encountered great unhealthy confrontation ranging from harassment, intimidation, and deterioration to censorship, which is more pronounced during military dictatorship.

This work is restricted to late general Sani Abacha military jilts who revealed in gagging and muzzling the media using state securing apparatus despite the fact that modern constitution endeavours to safeguard basis freedom which the military had always defied, flouted, suppressed add violated with impurity. This government use of extract legal measures against media practitioners can be traced back to the infamous decree. No 4 as promulgated by general Buhari (ltd) in 1984, which endeavoured to strangle press freedom. The Decree becomes the sword of Damocles of dangling over the head of every journalist. Of course, the two of Nduka Irabor and Tunde Thompson were detained for violating the infamous Decree No 4 otherwise known as “the Public officers protection from false Accusation” Decree 1984 for publishing about changes in Nigeria High Commissioner in Britain who is to be withdrawn and replaced by Rtd General Hannaniya. They refused to divulge the source of their information. They were later charged to court, tried and convicted under the provisions of the Decree on April 1984. They were jailed for 18 months.

In 1995, the quarter of Mrs. Chris Anyanwu, Kunse Agibade, George Mba and Ben Charles Obi were detained in different prisons across the country on 15 year jail sentence each by a special military tribunal headed by Brigadier General Patrick Aziza for allege coup plot which has to do with reports carried by their magazines on the alleged Coll Groadabe coup of 1995. In another development, security agents swooped on Onome Osit-Whiskey and whistled him away on November 9, 1997 with his colleagues at Tell headquarters at the mercy of invading security agents who had come for the previous week edition of the magazine which was titled why Abacha won’t hand over’ Tell premises was sealed off and the staff who were around beat a hasty retreat. Thinking that a parted delivery van continued he magazine in question the operative brought in a tow-van and forcefully removed it to their operational base.