MASS MEDIA EFFECTS IN PROPAGATION OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA WITH FOCUS IN HIV / AIDS

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The proposal of the mass media effects in propagation of the National health programme in Nigeria with focus in HIV/AIDS.

One of the purpose is to ascertain the level of exposition of the students in her chosen field of study. This is why it become expedient for me to undertake a study in the mass effect in propagation of the National health programme in Nigeria with focus in HIV/AIDS as my study.

OBJECTIVES

The investigation set out to determine study include.

1 To evaluate the effect of mass media effect in propagation of the National with focus in HIV/AIDS.

2 To find out the attitude of mass media broadcasting towards the numerious health campaign.

3 To unravel whether really mass media as an electronic media are the effective means of reaching the masses in the dissemination of health policies and programmes.

4 To ascertain how mass media influence opinions, thoughts and ideas with effect of enhancing these wealth campaign to the public in general.

HYPOTHESIS

H1  There are credibility in the use of mass media effect in propagation of health programmes.

H2  The target audience will accept mass media as a reliable source of health information.

H3  The target audience will pay attention on health programme on the mass media.

ASSUMPTION

It is assumed that the mass media are an effective instrument in the propagation of National Health programme because of its far-reaching effect.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Aids was first identified on homosexual in los Angeles in the united states in 1981. scientists in the study published in the journal science pinpointed that origin of AIDS  virus came about when two monkey uimes hybridized in the body of infected chimpanzee.

The research methodology

The method used for gathering data was survey method is used for the purpose of describing a population too large to be observed directly.

Survey method aims at accrete assessment of the characteristic eminent from whole population through the examination of the selected samples. The survey method used help to gather relevant information on a given informed generalization and the population in relation to the sample studies.

ABSTRACT

It has always taken a significant position in the academic circle that students should be mandated to carry out a research in one academic discipline or the other.

On of the purposes is to ascertain the level of exposition of the student in their chosen field of study. This is why it became expedient for me to undertake a study in the mass media effect in propagation of the National Health programme in Nigeria with focus in HIV/AIDS.

In the course of the research, I used a survey method which required a distribution of questionnaire to the target population which was represented by three states in Nigeria. (Enugu, Anambra and Ebonyi) as well as reviewing of related literature since these are effective instrument for arriving at required results.

This research work has its major objectives as to evaluate the mass media effect in propagation of the National Health Programmes in Nigeria with focus in HIV/AIDS and to ascertain what extent it has succeeded in doing this.

Data was collected, analyzed and presented in percentages.

The following research questions were answered:

1. is the mass media a credible means of propagating health policies to the people?
2. do people accept mass media as a reliable source of health information?
3. to what extent does people who listen to mass media pay attention to health programmes?

Finally, the researcher concluded (from findings) that the mass media are very important  media of communication for this reason, the planners of media programmes should give more consideration to health news and issues while government health ministries etc. should try as much as possible to communicate health  issues  to the citizens through the mass media.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of reseach problem
• Objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research question
• Research hypothesis
• Conceptual and operational definition
• Assumption
• Limintation of studys
• Theorical framework

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Sources of literature
• Origin of aids
• Currents Aids situation in Nigeria
• Role of mass media in health information dissemination
• Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

Research method

Research design

Research sample

Measuring instrument

Data collection

Expected results

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0    DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 Data analysis

4.2 Result

4.3 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary and recommendation for further study

5.1      Summary

• Recommendation for futher study

Reference

Appendix

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

chapter one

introduction

• background of the study

This research work is to find out the effectiveness of the mass

Media in the propagation of National Health programmes.

The originality of the mass media was not invented overnight. The media have continued to grow and prosper.

Since the development of the media in 1920s, they have achieved and maintained growth rivalry than any other media in the history of mass communication.

The mass media are the special strong media among the general population and specialization audience. The overall electronic media listening audience  are larger than the print media audience considering the sizeable portion of the set.  An essential ability of the electronic media are to research a great number of people at a comparatively small lost, which has a distinct advantage over print media.

With this effect, it is agreed that the mass media are the most readily available of all the mass media of communication. It is a unique peace apart from the fact that print media have made stupendous strides and impact in the lives of it’s reader.

The reasons for these are that the mass media primary aim bordered on the broadcasting of information through waves and signals that are heard by listeners and viewers.

The mass media are well organized for it’s instantaneous means of researching its listener’s viewers and reader with information and programmes of interest.

As the topic center on the mass media effect in propagation of the National health programme in Nigeria with focus in human deficiency virus/ Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/Aids).

According to oxford dictionary definition mass media are defined as medium of communication that impact information to influence the social behaviour of enormous member of people. To layman, they serve as media of communication through which information is heard.

The function of media includes;

. Education

. Information

. Entertaining

. Influencing and

. Persuading the people.

The education aspect of the media can achieved through formal and informal programme. The mass media have been effective in education, the society on issues and topics in economics polities, health and social aspect of life. On health, most of the campaigns for health living are communication to people.

The immediate transmission of information to generality of the populace is the unique characteristics of the mass media.

Network News programmes on radio listener by people at the same time help to create sense of belonging to the citizenry.

The government used radio effectively to sensitive people on health programmes for instance, one thing at a time (Radio) drama and odenjiji which are produced by Kola ogunjobi, sponsored by society for family health (S F H).

The media are used in awareness creation and these make it possible for people to be aware of problem and issues and sometimes, solutions to such problems.

The mass media actually control and influence the people on health programmes. These are unique study in the sense that are rarely considered on issues of concern by health ministers. They perform very important services to the society as a whole and have a crucial function to p-lay in maintaining an informed state of public opinion upon which the effectiveness functioning of the nation health programme depends.

They do this by providing and interpreting health issues to the people of the nation. Sometimes the media does not provide forum for public debate on health issues like Aids, among other in the country.

Dr Montegnor of the California University first discovered AIDS in America in the year 1981. But today, Aids has been reported in over hundred countries of the world. The first HIV/Aids case was identified in Nigeria in 1980s, since then there has been a tremendous increased in the number of HIV/Aids cases and also the number of deaths. HIV/Aids simply spreads like a wide fire.   Worse still, it has neither cure nor vaccine as yet. AIDS is a cause that crosses the colour lline, it ignores racial and geographical boundaries .

The problem of AIDS is global and multi- racial . It is much harder an issues than apartheid which Hs an obvious villain and an equally obvious situation.

Aids is not a disease of its own , it is the terminal stage of a virous infections ,manifesting in different sympton of many disease.

Aids is a national disaster in Nigeria . Aids is virtually hundred percent fatals , and greatyer threat to mankind is that posed by Aids.

Health information are not adequately analyzased or interpreted to the public in due course . It is also enviosage that the government and health administrators tend to neglect the importance of media as the major tool which adequately pass information to the masses on national health policies .

Much importance have been attached to health, most people stive have some health problem .

This is due to lack of sufficient health messages from the media station and due to government neglect of the press as a whole. The mass media as an agent of social engineer should always be used to pass all the well- co-ordinated and articulated health policies to the peop[le.

The advantages of media of mass communication includes that it appeals to illerates audience as development news and programmes can be broadcast to them not just in their native languages but also in their local dialects , break the barriers of distance as its reach is amazing wide and highly pentrating , it is relatively cheep compared to other channel of mass media , break the barrier of power outage as it can easily be operated using dry batteries.

The study is designed to identity the effect and influence of mass media on the masses that are the consumers of its product toward the propagation of National health programme.

The media feed the publics with the information they needs and it is left for them to formulate personal ideas based on information heard.

The issues at stake now are what role can the mass media play in propagation of the national health programmes to mobilize the people. These are achieved through diffused informations , articulates documentaries and news analysed on health issues .

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS

As envisaged in this work there is need to find out the effect which the media creates in spreading of health programmes to the people of the nations.

In some parts of the nations , low per capital incomes has made most people not to have their own set which is pointed out as a problem and also a hindrance to health education.

Where the illiterate ones have access to media, the practitioners slants most health news and programmes to favour the literate s

However, there are some problem of the media by not airing health news or commentaries. It is just few of them who at times air a shallow health news \programmes once in a week which not proper.

Another problem is that of the non-chalet attitude of our media broadcaster to word health matters which resulted to how publicity of health programmer in our dailies. Moreso, the are few programmes on health in general.

 

 

 

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study include;-

• To evaluate the mass media effect in propagation Nigeria Health programme in Nigeria with focus in HIV\AIDS.
• To find out the attitude of the media broacaster towards the numerous health campaign.
• To unravel whether really electronic media is the effective means of reaching the masses in the dissipation of health policies and programmer.
• To ascertain how the media influence opinions thoughts, and ideas with effect of enhancing these health campaigns to the public in general.
• To find out whether the people accept the media as a dependenble source of health information
• To know if people who histen to the media pay attention to health news and health analysis.
• To ascertain what extent the media have succeeded in achieving the set objectives towards spreading of health polices to the people .

 

 

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In recent times, the government has set out specific objectives and target covering areas of health police, health manpower development material, and disease control among others.

Therefore, the significance of this project work is to access the effectiveness which mass media exert on the people in their health education.

The researcher will after carrying out this research work know if the media are the most appropriate for the dissemination of health programmes.

It will try to unravel whether the people rely on the media for proper heal;th information or they (people ) depend on other means ( opinion leaders) for such information.

Also it will serve as a guide to health policy markers and health administrators after completion.

 

1.5 RESAERCH QUESTIONS

The research of this kind will attempt to answer the following research question as it concern the topic on board.

1. Is the media a credible means of propagating health policies to people?
2. Do people accept media as a reliable source health information?
3. To what extent do people who listen to media pay adequate attention to health programmes ?

 

1.6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H1 There are credibility in the use of the mass media in propagation of health programmes.

H0 There were no credibility in the use of the mass media in propagation of health programmes.

H2 The target audience will accept the media as a reliable source of health information.

H0 The target audience will not accept the media as a reliable source of health information.

H3 The target audience will pay attention to health programme on the media.

Ho The target audience will not pay attention to health programmes on the media.

 

 

1.7 CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

EFFECT

CONCEPTUAL – The act of producing result

OPERATIONAL – This means the strong impression or effect a programme or a phenomena create on somebody.

PROGRAMMES

CONCEPTUAL – The plan of items/events embarked upon by a broadcasting media to be presented

PROPAGATION

CONCEPTUAL – The widespread of ideas , opinions .

OPERATIONAL- The act of spreading viewing and listeners beliefs , knowledge etc widely so that some idea would pass through designed people.

MASS MEDIA

CONCEPTUAL- Is a media through which information is heard.

OPERATIONAL – The technique can be for electronic or print media.

HIV

CONCEPTUAL – A health virus that cause the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

AIDS

CONCEPTUAL – A deadly disease that has no cure.

OPERATIONAL – It is a condition that occurs when the defense sysytem of the body does not work anymore and the body cannot protect itself from disease . It is the lest stage of Hiv and stand for acquire immune deficiency syndrome.

 

1.8 ASSUMPTIONS

It is assumed that the media are an effective instrument in the propagation of health programmes because of its far reaching effects . Iother word, the continuous exposure of the health programme on mass medoia over a period of time can have a positive influenhce in the overall behaviour of sexual practice by public and development projects of the government.

If that is the cases , there are no doubt that the instrument of the media have helped a lot in the promotion and advancement of health in the country.

 

 

 

1.9 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The researcher encountered lots of problems in an efforts to put this work in place

These includes ,

Financial constraint which did not affort me the priviledge of going outside the state where the researcher resides for comprehensive collection of data for analysis.

Finally, regular listening to the media was hindered mainly due to power supply failure.

As a matter of facts, opportunities were judiciously utilized to ensure that adequate attention was to vital issues involved in the study.

 

• THEORICAL FRAMEWORK

In this work, the researcher make use of the agenda setting theory and the cultivation theory as the theory of mass communication.

In agenda setting theory . The notion of agenda setting by the media can be traced to walter setting by the media can be traced to walter lippmann (1922) who suggestion that the media were responsible for the pictures in our heads . Cohen (1963) further articulated the idea when he argued that the media may not always be successful in telling people what to think but they are usually successful in telling them what to think about.

Agenda setting describe a very powerful influence of the media , the ability to tell people what issues are important . These issues that the media choose to publicize ultimately became the issues and we think and talk about.

For instance, the media to highlight a particular programme “ odenjiji” which was sponsored by the society for family health (SFH)

The media set the agenda for health programme for instance the element involved in agenda setting includes;

1. The quantity or frequency of the programme
2. Prominence given to the programme
3. The degree of conflict generated in the programme
4. Cumulative media specific effect over time.

 

THE CULTIVATION THEORY

The theory propounded by Gerbner, Gross signorelli and Morgan 1980,1986asserts that the mass media exert a tremendous influence by altering issues perception of reality : Today mass media serves as a major media from which most societies acquire their consciousness, beliefs, norms and values. The media has subsumed sources of information, ideas and socialization. The effect of all this exposure consequently produce cultivation or the teaching of a common world view, common roles and common value.

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