FACTORS AFFECTING SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN KADUNA METROPOLIS

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ABSTRACT

This project investigated the Factors Affecting Small Scale Business Enterprises in Kaduna Metropolis. Textbooks and journals were reviewed in order to establish the theoretical base for the study. Five research questions were postulated to guide the study. Out of which questionnaire items were developed.

A sample size of 72 was adopted from the four small scale business enterprises in Kaduna metropolis. These questionnaires were administered and analyzed using the frequency distribution and mean score.

The study revealed among other things that government does not really support the small scale business enterprises to grow as it was expected and most business enterprise find it difficult to obtain capital either from the government or the banks. The study has drawn conclusion that what is really affecting the small scale business enterprises are lack of capital for expansion. Recommendations are made that government and banks should give loans to businesses and reduce the interest rates.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Statement of Problem 5

1.2 Aims and Objectives of Study 8

1.3 Research Questions 9

1.4 Significance of the Study 10

1.5 Scope of the Study 11

1.6 Limitation of the Study 11

1.7 Definition of Terms 12

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

2.0 Introduction 15

2.1 Definition of Small Scale Business 15

2.2 The Role and Characteristics of Small Scale Business

in Kaduna Metropolis 16

2.3 Analysis of Factors Affecting Small Scale Business Enterprises 21

2.4 Policies for Promotion of Small Scale Business

in Kaduna 37

2.5 Summary 42

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

3.0 Introduction 43

3.1 Area of Study 43

3.2 Population of the Study 44

3.3 Sample Size/Sampling Techniques 45

3.4 Method of Data Collection 45

3.5 Instrument of Data Collection 45

3.6 Validation of the Instrument 46

3.7 Administration of the Instrument 46

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation and Analysis

4.0 Introduction 47

4.1 Major Findings 57

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

5.0 Introduction 61

5.1 Summary 61

5.2 Conclusion 62

5.3 Recommendations 64

5.4 Areas for Further Studies 65

Bibliography 66

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Small scale business constitutes the highest percentage of business establishments in the country both at the national, state and local levels. Since they are of great importance to the nation’s economy and industrial development, one therefore, wonders why such businesses are prone to poor management. However, the poor management of the rise and fall of these businesses daily are not of major concern to most of us. This according to Omlekwusi, (1995) is that people tend to sing success and hide failure.

Basically, the aim of any businessman is to maximize profit and achieve success. However, the achievement of his objectives depends on this managerial skill and the quality of those employed. Madu, Nwaogwugu and Ohiri (1988) noted that incompetence on the part of entrepreneurs accounts for over 35% of failure in business.

This, therefore, is traceable to their inability to employ the right caliber of people, with relevant experience and personal qualification.

To underscore this point, Frame (1975), Iwuoha, (1993) and Onvekwusis, (1995) believed that most business collapse within a short period as a result of poor management t by entrepreneurs and lack of qualified officer workers.

Since these people lack certain qualifications, they sometimes believe that business are only run by capital.

According to Nolan, (1967) and Pophan, (1971) the knowledge of business education makes one not only a good business manager but also better sales manager. Similarly, Jackson (1975) stressed the need for developing competency in payroll procedures, he believed that any community that have many small businesses need to have knowledge of accounting (pay rolling) in order to survive. Since majority of those who run small scale businesses are people who are unable to complete their education or those who could not go beyond the JSS 3 and are prepared for self reliance, it is important that they understand that business education is for business and about business. To what extent the operators of small-scale businesses have the knowledge of business education or education for business is still unknown. This project, therefore determines the extent to which the operators of small scale business are knowledgeable in their areas o operation, examines the factors responsible for this and suggestions where necessary.

Therefore, Yewande (1991) quoting the Federal Ministry of Industries an others defined small-scale business as one that has a total capital investment of up to 50 persons.

The World Bank defines it as an enterprise whose total fixed assets (excluding land) push cost of investment does not exceed N10 million in constant 1998 price index. While the Third National Development plan puts the capital investment of small scale industry at N150,00. Some years ago the Central Bank of Nigeria further defines small scale industry/business as one with Annual turnover not exceeding N500,000. It is therefore, clear that there is no universally acceptable definition of small scale business for the purpose of this project, a working definition of small scale business enterprise will be one with a working capital of N100, 000 to N150,000.

Small scale business enterprises have greater flexibilities which allows this survival of economicship as compared to the large scale enterprises.

Moreover; the decision making and renovation process in large scale enterprises are in habited by rigid bureaucracy. Therefore, small scale business enterprises development is important and needed by the nation.

The rote of the government and support institution in the development and growth of small scale business enterprises cannot be over emphasized. The government’s rote in encouraging entrepreneurship is not just limited to providing and economic environment conductive for business and a stable political scene. To stimulate economic growth entrepreneurship, it must be able to provide the right combination of political and incentives to attract individuals to become entrepreneurs.

Since government resources are limited, it is then the role of the support institutions to fill the gab between the resources needed by entrepreneurs and what the government can provide. This can be in the form of financial assistance or non-financial services to both enterprises and would be entrepreneurs. To ensure. The continued effectiveness of the small scale business enterprises, it is imperative that an analysis of this be made from the perspective of the entrepreneurs themselves.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Despite the wide spread economic reforms by the state government, small scale business enterprises, seem to face a variety of constraints owing to the difficulty of absorbing large fixed costs, the absence of economies of scale and scope is key factors of production, improper monitoring mechanisms by the government, and lack of management knowledge.

From the preliminary discussion with some enterprise, the government supporting institutions do not have formal feedback mechanisms to check whether the assistance given to small scale business enterprises are adequate and effective.

The small scale business enterprises are unable to introduce modern equipment machinery to improve their product due to financial constraints. It seems that access to finance remained a dominant constraint to small scale business enterprises in Kaduna metropolis, credit pertaining to working capital is of permanent concern to small scales business enterprise.

Lack of managerial know-how places significant constraint on small scale business enterprise seem to attract most people, they can hardly compete with larger forms.

Association providing a voice..

This article highlights various college of education, polytechnics, universities website in Nigeria.

Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo,

Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri,

Federal College of Educ. Abeokuta,

Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu,

Federal College of Education, Kano,

Federal College of Education, Katsina,

Federal college of Education, Kontagora,

Federal College of Education, Obudu,

Federal College of Education, Okene,

Federal College of Education, Pankshin,