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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The co-operatives is a very broad topic. It is found throughout the whole world. We found in capitalist countries, in socialist countries and sometimes, countries, which are regarded to have what we called mixed economy. They are found in the developing countries or third world countries.

The owed co-operative that has come tousled as an adjectival noun is from the verb to co-operate or the noun cooperation. The term co-operation can be used as a generic term covering a wild area of activity in which tow or more people join together whether formally or not formally on abhor on legally or illegally or socially accepted or unaccepted action to archive some aims. Su h action may be selfish in nature or by be the public good or in the interest of those performing the action without it being detrimental to any one else. It also use in narrower sense to mean activity undertaking by co-operatives and other self-help organization.

G.J Holyoake, one the foremost British co-operative pioneer, propagandist and author bring out this two meaning succinctly with borders on the definition and charateristics of the co-operative according to Holyoke, co-operative is an organized self help by honest labour and honest trade; the profit been equitably divided among those who created them whether by word of mouth or by brain. That is what we understand as industrial co-operatives.

There is a familiar use of the word co-operation which mean two or more people or thing acting together to produce result as when man and lever gets together to move long or a cat’s paw or employed to pull chestnut form the fire, or as when physician marries the daughter of undertaker with a view to uniting the business. In the cases the log is not consulted, the cats get no chestnuts. The owner is not plundered by the two thief unite and the patient dose not profit by the patient of the pestle and the spade , to the general public, the act of concert equally mean co-operatives. We mean by the word, the co-operation of honest industry with a view for equitable share of the profit and if the laborer and the trader be not honest, the public is cheated and the co-operation will be an organize form of fraud.

On the character of a true co-operation, He writes, in the same work that co-operation mean concern for the diffusion of wealth. It leaves no body out who help to produce it. It touches no man fortune, it seeks no plunder, it causes no disturbance in the society, it gives no trouble to statement, it enter no secret association, it needs no trade union to protect its interest. It contemplates no violence, it subverts no order. it loses not dignity . It accepts no guilt or ask for any favour. It keeps no time with the idle and will break no faith with the industrious. It neither mendicant, servile nor offensive, it has its hands in no man’s pocket and dose not mean that any hand shall remain long and comfortable in its own. It means self-help, dependency, as such share of common competence as labour shall earn or thought shall win.

According to professor Caselman, co-operation is an economic system with a social context. According to professor Ernest Gruenfeld, a German, a co-operative is an association made up of social weak person endeavoring to archive certain social aim within the framework of and enterprise open to all and based on the rule of solidarity and democracy.

Berko, a Ghanian (1987, P.13) define co-operative thus; an association of person with variable membership who have pulled themselves and their resources together on manual or self-help basis to form business organization which seeks to solve the economic problem and socio economic problem of the members by directly providing goods and service to them in their capacity as either he costumers or the employee of the co-operative enterprise. He goes father to mention he ingredient that will contain in a co-operative society.

Every one has its own definition of co-operative, but the one which is generally accepted is that of the ICA, that a co-operative society is an association of person who have voluntarily joined together to archive a common end through the formation of democratically controlled organization making equitable contribution to the capital required and accepting a fair share of risk and benefits of the undertaking in which the members actively participate. They are for the common people “ a mechanism for the defense and emancipation to combat the harsh condition brought about by the mercantile economy.

The co-operative movement started in the 19^th century during the time of industrial revolution in Britain. The first successful co-operative society. The rochadel Equitable pioneers was founded in 1844 by twenty-eight ideavers.

The origin of co-operative in Anambra can traced to the origin of co-operative I Nigeria. The first attempt of forming a modern co-operative society was initiated at Agege a predominantly coca farming area in Yoruba land.

The co-operative movement in Nigeria is about fifty years old. Its history date back to early 1930’s when the British government having successfully introduces co-operatives in India and 1912 tried to bring it into Nigeria. The Nigerian government in 1933 appointed Mr. C.F Strickland to study the possibility of introducing co-operative in Nigeria. Mr. Strickland strongly recommended the introduction of co-operative society into Nigeria and his report submitted in April 1934 forms the corner stone for the introduction of modern co-operative into Nigeria. Mr. Strickland also drafted a proposed ordinance and regulations. His…

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