RISK MANAGEMENT IN FINANCIAL INSITUTION IN NIGERIA

A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC

1999 – 2004

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ABSTRACT

The project work examine the potential usefulness of adopting a systematic methodology for the analysis and control of quit within the financial services sector and discuss the resulting information processing requirements.

Two types of financial intermediaries (banks and insurance companies) are specifically examined from a total system frame work, but the resulting insight is extend to other financial institutions.  The point is made, that given the current wave of de-regulation in Nigeria, economy especially in the banking sector and the rapid process technological and marketing glufts which have resulted, financial institutions are being forced to rely more on managerial competencies and other intra-organisation factors for survival and success and it is suggested that effective risk analysis and control technologies should be an integral aspect of any sensible corporate plan in these institution.

This project is patterned into five distinct chapters.  Chapter one deals with introduction of the topic, statement of problem, scope, limitation and research    question while chapter two emphasize on the researcher’s reviews and related literature on risk management to business organisation.  The third chapter highlights the methodology of the research.  It stresses the design plan, method of data collection.

Finally, the last chapter (chapter five) summarized the entire work by inserting possible findings recommendations and conclusion.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction                                                                       1

• Background of the study 1
• Statement of the problems 2
• Objectives of the study                                         4
• Research questions 4
• Research hypothesis 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature review                                                                6

• Definition and general concept of risk 7
• Classification of risk 11
• Fundamental and particular risks 14
• The risk management 15
• Definition of risk management 16
• Objective of risk management 17
• Risk management process 20

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Research design and methodology                                     31

3.1     Design                                                                               31

• Area of study 31
• Population description 32
• Sample and sampling techniques 32
• Instruments of data collection 34
• Methods of data collection 34
• Proposed method of data analysis 35

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Data presentation and analysis                                           37

• Distribution and collection of questionnaires 37
• Test of hypothesis                               43
• Recommendation solutions 46

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Findings, recommendation and conclusion                        47

• Findings 47
• Recommendations 47
• Conclusion 49
• Scope limitation and delimitation 49

Reference                                                                           51

Questionnaires                                                                             53

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Financial institutions, organizations both private and public operation in the world of uncertainties.  The uncertainty of environment in which organizations operate has led some management experts to fashion out a management they called “Risk management to reduce the uncertainty that face them.  Business organizations are set up for a particular aim(s) and strive to achieve them.  But the uncertainty of the objective is very difficult task to accomplish.  Because risks or uncertainty are a permanent feature that affect any business organization.  Management is expected to continuously monitor and manage those risk or uncertainty most effectively at a minimum cost been realized and accepted by most countries and some organizations among which are financial institutions which started to use the concept to minimize the losses facing them in order to achieve the organizations objective.

Risk according to Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary means the possibility of meeting damper or do suffering harm or loss.  This means that it is the uncertainty of financial loss in the concept of this study.

According to L.J. Nuldram (195) risk management is defined as “The protection of assets earnings, habitués and people of an enterprise with maximum efficiency and at minimum cost”.  This effective risk management provides protection against the possibility of asset losses so great as to course severe dislocation in the organisation.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Financial institutions are exposed to risk/problem, which affects its effective performance.  For banks two kinds of risk are important.

• Investment or default risk
• Liquidity risk Okigbo P (1983)

 

The default risk is concerned with the asset held by the bank as an auditor.  The bank faces the dangers that it debtors may not make payment due on interest and principal.  The banks also traces withdrawal or liquidity risk in connection with its abilities.  As a debtor to its depositors.  The bank faces the risks that its creditors may be unwilling to renew or even extend new creditors to it.

Also in the operation of financial institution there is a very serious problem of the loss aggregations.  This is very important.  Take for instance, the risk of loss of customers confidence which is very critical in the content of banking operations although there has not been run in any bank in recent memory, the possibilities is real enough for it to meet serious considerations.

This topical run on the bank known to most informed persons in where there is a long quince of customers at major premises of a particular bank all waiting to withdrawn their deposit.  Further in the insurance companies risk under the lending of static for example fire and theft losses, employee compensation needs, liability for industry to third parties health/property, fraud and so on.  Have traditionally been handled at the operational level solely.  Also while management at the policy level has been personally concerned with dynamic risks, a systematic method for