BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL AS A TOOL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY IN GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY)

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CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Background

1.2     Objective of the study

1.3     Significant of the study

1.4     Statement of the problem

1.5     Hypothesis formulation

1.6     Scope and limitation of study

1.7     Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO:

• Review of Related Literature

2.1     Budgeting and Budgets

2.2     Typology of budgets for planning and control

2.3     Features of Budgets

2.4     Fundamentals of Budgeting and Budget Administration

2.5     Preparation of Budgets

2.6     Budgetary controls

2.7     Innovation in the area of budget

Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)

• Enugu State Housing Development Corporation

Historical Background

 

CHAPTER THREE:

• Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Source of data

3.2     Research Population

3.3     Sampling method used

3.4     Questionnaire Design

3.5     Description of respondents

3.6     Method of data analysis in the questionnaire

3.7     Analysis of Hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FOUR:

• Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1     Presentation of data

4.2     Analysis of questionnaires

4.3     Testing of Hypothesis

• Interpretation of Result

 

CHAPTER FIVE:

• Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1     Discussion of findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

Bibliography

ABSTRACT

 

Government and private establishment prepare estimates of income and expenditure which are planned by an organization for a specific period.

Consequent upon this, we aim at finding out how budgets both organized private sector and in government are prepared, used/or applied for effective decision making and for enhancement of profit maximization so to say.

In a bid to achieve good result from the study, it became necessary to work in chapters.

Chapter one: introduction, the research work stated the problem associated with budget and budgetary control in government parastatals, listed the objective, significance of the study, its scope and limitation implying on the study.

Chapter two: reviewed the existing literature in relation to budgetary and budgets.

Chapter three: presented the sources of data used by the researchers.

Chapter four: presented various data collected and their analysis.  The hypothesis was listed using CHI-SQUARE METHOD.

Chapter five: presented the summary of finding, made certain conclusion and suggested various recommendations and measures to improve the budget and budgetary control in government parastatals.

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION:

1.1     BACKGROUND:

The efficiency and effectiveness of the operations of a business depends on the control available to managements in almost every business organization, there are a number of activities going on at the same time such as producing purchasing, distributing, selling and financing a product.  These are interrelated in such a way that they affected the attainment of the organization goals.

The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA) defined budget as a financial or quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to defined period of time of the policy to be pursued during the period for the purpose of attaining a given objectives. It may include income, expenditure and the employment of capital.

Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives or goals, the organization must economize resources and discover the means of achieving these goals.  These goals can only be realized when the properly planned use of available resources are controlled and co-ordinated effectively.  Thus a system of managing a business by making forecasts of the different activities and applying a financial value to each forecast becomes imperative.  These forecasts are guided by the formulation and adoption of planned systems such as techniques in budgeting, variance analysis, etc.

Tubbi, J. A. 1982 defined budgetary control as the establishment of departmental budgets relating the responsibilities of the executives to the requirement of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy or to provide a firm basis for its revision.

It is therefore, germane to say that the level of importance that is attached to this plan and effort made in controlling the variance differ in organizations.  Once the goals are set, which must be based on the detailed analysis of feasibility within the content of the political and social value then the tactical plans will enable it to strive towards its attainment.

Often than not when these plans are put into operation, conditions prevail which tends to cause deviation from the plan and corrective measures are always taken to steer the business back on the right track.  The process already mentioned as it is applied entails budget and its control.  And to lend credence to goal congruence suitable techniques should be applied to specific areas that need special attention hence the measurement of budgeted with actual to arrive at the variance cannot be over-emphasized.  A business is said to be on the right tract if the outcome of the budgeted estimate is favourable as against the actual.  The little that is said concerning this project has not encompassed all avenues in which the subject can aid management decision, rather it should be seen as a guide for people in business.

 

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The primary purpose of this study is four fold.  These are:

• To find out the importance of budgeting and budgetary controls in government parastatals, which has the maximization of profit as its principle business objective.

To determine if there is a connection