A STATISTICAL STUDY ON ENROLMENT OF PUPILS FROM PRIMARY TO POST PRIMARY SCHOOL IN OJI-RIVER LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

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ABSTRACT

This work has the enrolment of pupils from primary to secondary school in Oji-River Local Government Area.

This pupils interest to enroll their sex. Also, this project was used to ascertain if parents/guardians occupation and level of education influences the pupils interest to further their education to secondary school level.

The enrollment of pupils from primary to post primary school was considered and number of children is creasing.

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction 1
Aims and objectives 3
Need for the study 4

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review 5

CHAPTER THREE

Data Collection

Sources of data 10
Sampling frame 10
Sampling techniques 11
Pilot survey 12
Sample size 14
Limitations 14
Scope of survey 15

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis

Test involving the use of chi-square interest 16
To test whether the pupils interests to 16

enroll in jss i depends on their sex

To test whether parents/guardians occupations affects 18

the pupil’s interest to entroll in jss i

To test whether parents/guardians level of 19

education is associated with their interest in

sending their ward to post primary school

Yearly enrolment of students in junior secondary 22

school one in oji river local government area

CHAPTER FIVE

Finding and conclusion

Findings 23
Conclusion 24
Recommendation 24

Appendices 25

Definition of terms 28

Bibliography 29

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The education industry is certainly one of the most important social sectors in the development and progress of any country. Among such importance include a strong and self – reliant nation, a great and dynamic economy, a land of bright and full opportunities for all citizens, a just and egalitarian society. It is therefore unfortunate that in spite of the importance of education industry, it has been facing a steady and serious decline for some years now.

Examining education from the primary school level which is supposed to be the foundation in which the educational structure should be built. How sound is this foundation today? Indeed, many well meaning Nigerians are sad and very much worried that our primary school today no longer provides the right foundation on which the secondary and tertiary education should be built.

Paradoxically, when one looks at the whole scenario concerning education in Nigeria today, one would be tempted to conclude that education has completely crashed. For one thing, education has become very expensive at all levels that it is now becoming increasingly inaccessible to majority of Nigerians.

The question is what education is and who is likely to be seen there? The advanced learners, dictionary of current English, definition of education are the systematic training and instruction. It goes further to add that it is knowledge and abilities, development of character and mental powers resulting from such training. One school of taught, Thomson defined education as the influence of environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in his habits of behaviour, of though and of attitude. A renewed educationist Dr. John Dewey 1963 interprets education as the scientific method by means of which man studies the world, acquires cumulative knowledge of meanings and values generally, the layman’s view on educational concept includes schooling which is the formation or education that takes place in a formal setting, in a specialized place (school0 with a systematic body of knowledge experience and directed by a specialist known as the teacher.

The every form of education is primary school, primary schools are for junior pupils usually between the ages five to eleven years. The goals of primary school education include:

To prepare must children for life while a few talented ones must be given the opportunity to proceed to secondary schools for the development of manpower’s needs.

To help the child to wards self – realization and to relate others through mutual understanding/

The aims of secondary education include

To think effectively and to communicate thought clearly

To develop economic efficiency both as a consumer and as a producer of goods

To recognize the dignity of labour

To understand the word outside his environment

To live and act as a well integrated individual.

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To ascertain if there is increase or decrease in children enrolment in junior secondary school one (JSS I)
To test whether the pupils interest to enroll in JSS I depends on their sex
To find out whether parent/guardian occupation affects the people interest to enroll in JSS I
To find out whether parents/guardian level of education is associated with their interest in sending their ward to post primary school.
To make recommendation

1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Since education is a pre-requisite for a technological advancement, the future of our society cargely depends on how well our educational institutions are managed.

Having observed the recent behaviour of the youths and the craze for their per suit of wealth and having gone through may journals it has been observed that there is a continuous fall in the number of youths going into secondary education especially the males.

The researcher was therefore motivated by this trend of events to investigate into this issue and know how true this observation are, by subjecting them to statistical analysis.

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

The history of education in Nigeria was in timely bound u with the history of western education in Europe. The church saw that it could not do its own work effectively unless adherents were able to read and write. Babs A. Fatunwa (1974) remark that the Catholics, through the influence of the Portuguese traders were the first missionaries to set foot on Nigerian soil.

The earliest Christian missionary school in Nigeria was without any doubt an adjunct of the church.

Consequently, Kenneth Black Move and Brain Cooksey (1974) maintained that the missionaries continued spreading and establishing schools in all ramifications down the East of the Niger. This he said spread to most parts of Igbo-land. It could be noticed that the oldest school in Oji-River Local Government Area (Western part of Enugu State) is Christ Church School Isikwe – Achi which belonged to the Church of Missionary Society (CMS). Some years later, the Roman Catholic mission (RCM) built their own school called St. Mary’s Catholic School, Achi.

The place of education in any nation is highly indispensable. The Federal Military Government (FMG) adverted to its central position which it stated in the Second National Development Plan (1970 – 1974) that “one major focus of education policy I Nigeria has been the ultimate provision of formal education to every child of school going age to at least primary school level in the ground that universal education is very vital in improving peoples receptiveness to new idea. Another objective is to create adequate stack of skills needed in the process of social and economic development”. The Federal Government Report to the International Conference on education (1973) emphasized that the rate of enrolment has not been a fast one”. To encourage enrolment, education should be made universally compulsory and free throughout the length and breath of country now.

Secondary education is yet to be within the reach of average primary school learners in Nigeria.

G.C. Nduka and F.N.J. Eresimadu emphasized that many brilliant children who wish to go to secondary schools do not find themselves there because they were not able to afford the fees. In the East. School fees and levies were paid by students before they could be allowed to remain in school.

Segun Ogunsaju and Segun Adesina (1984) remarked that in 1977, the Federal Military Government introduced free education from primary to post primary school secondary education in Nigeria is an enormous venture particularly in the post military era when the number of secondary schools and students enrolments has increased at a multiple rate. The old Anambra State was a good case where enrolments have increased 118% between 1979-1980 and have remained the fastest growing sector in Nigerian education.

Today Nigeria has entered into the second tier secondary education system. The 6-3-3-4 education system (the national policy on education) was enunciated in 1977 by the Federal Government of Nigeria and came into effect is September 1982.

The gave rise to the four components of educational system the primary school the junior secondary school, the senior secondary school and the Higher institution. Nigeria change from the age-long grammar and literally based education system to a science and technically oriented one. This was a broad based education with emphasizes on the attainment of lasting and functional literacy and effective communication skills.

Currently, schools have been to the State Government. School fees, educational levies etc have been introduced. All these increased the burden of training a ward in school. This tends to be pulling down the enrolment rate in schools. In trying to understand the differences and common element in traditional and modern primary education it is sometime helpful to look for analogies.

Thus we may take a typical example or an aptsmile or make a diagrammatic representation. These analogies may be called models because they put in concrete form what is believed to be the essence of a principle. The Garden of Eden, platos’ cave Animal farm and Lord of the flies may be considered instances of this. The purpose of the model is to get to the heart of the matter. Jesus used this parables for this purpose, and Socrates took his models from the everybody life of the Cobbler, the mule – driver, the cook.

A teacher, like a guardian in relation to a ward, who is mindful of children’s interest, is not necessarily exercised about what they actually want or are interest in, or their hobbies, he (orshe) is concerned about protecting them in what he thinks they have a right to pursue to with ensuring that they pursue what is both worthwhile and suitable for them, ie beneficial for them. He therefore has to consider not only what is in general worthwhile but also what the potentialities and capacities are of the particular children for whom he is responsible.

Finally something must be said about the ceremonial or ritualistic side of imitation professor Peters treats this as incidental but nevertheless important, thus he says.

Lessons are obviously not quite the same as initiation ceremonies. But they are certainly most effective when they share some of their atmosphere.

CHAPTER THREE

DATA COLLECTION

3.1 SOURCES OF DATA

This survey was carried out in Oji-River Local Government Area only.

The primary data used were collected from selected primary school pupils by means of questionnaire. Another set of questionnaire were administered to the parent/guardians of the pupil residing within Oji – River Local Government.

In addition, total for yearly enrolment from selected post primary school for a period of eleven years (1988 – 1999) academic sessions

3.2 SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame for secondary school study is the list of all the eleven secondary school in Oji-River Local Government Area. This sampling frame is made up of five boy’s secondary schools, five girl’s secondary school and one mixed school; (co-education).

The frame for primary school study is the primary school in the towns that made up Oji-River Local Government Area. The towns are Achi, Akpugoeze, Awlaw, Inyi and Ugwuoba. Also, the parents/guardians were equally covered under this scope.

3.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Sample random sampling was used in selecting the secondary school that were used in the study. Simple random sampling was chosen because it is a procedure in which all the individuals secondary schools in the defined population (finite) have an equal and independent chance of being selected as a member of the sample so as to be the representative of the population from which they are drawn.

All the names of each of the boys secondary schools were written on sheet of paper and wrapped. The researcher then closed his eyes and picked out one of the balloting papers and the secondary school picked noted. These he did three good times in order to pick out three boy’s secondary school. The various school picked were the selected school. Enrolment for the first year students each academic section were taken with respect to the schools selected. This method of simple random sampling applied to the boy’s secondary schools was equally applied to that of the girls secondary schools.

The enrolment for the girls schools for only the first year student each academic session were taken with respect to the schools selected.

The same simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the primary schools that were used in the study. There the major towns Achi, picked. The primary schools in the selected towns were Achi, Akpugoeze, Awlaw, Inyi and Ugwuoba were used either. Three towns were picked.

The questionnaires were administered to both pupils and parents/guardians.

Also systematic sampling was used to administer questionnaires to the individuals.

3.4 PILOT SURVEY

Pilot survey was carried out primarily to test the adequacy of the questionnaire. It assists to dictate problems that the correspondent will encounter in the process of filling the questionnaire. The pilot survey helped the researcher to have a glimnse of the main survey. It equally helped to determine the volume of labo expected in the main project.

Below is a table for the distribution of the questionnaires and valid returns from the pilot survey.

Towns

Parents/

Guardians

Valid returns

% Returns

Pupils

Valid Returns

% Returns

Achi

Inyi

Anlaw

87%

80%

93%

67%

80%

93%

Total

Out of the questionnaires distributed for the pilot survey, questionnaires were received as valid returns from the parents/guardians. It shows the valid returns of 87% were made from the pilot survey while invalid returns were made.

And for the pupils, 80% valid returns were credited which in effect showed that only invalid returns were recorded from the questionnaires administered from the pilot survey.

3.5 SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size for this survey was determined separately for pupils and parents/guardians.

The sample size for the pupils were determined based on the cost function and volume of labour required. Though 45 questionnaires were administered but a sample sixe4 of 36 was used to carry out the study similarly, 45 questionnaires were administered to parents/guardians and a sample size of 39 was used either this was based on the volume of work and cost in carrying out the project.

The various sample size were used because the cost of carrying out one unit is higher than the cost of more units. It could be noted that higher the sample size. The more precise the result is expected to be.

3.6 LIMITATION

These are the problems the research hers encountered during data collection. The records of students enrolment in JSS I are not well kept. One has to read strongly between lines before he extracts t he data. Moreso, some primary school pupils did not know the importance of questionnaires and as

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