AN APPRAISAL OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN BANKS
(A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK
NIGERIA PLC)

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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the study 5
1.4 Research hypotheses 5
1.5 Significance Of The Study 6
1.6 Definition of term 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Bank credit process a conventional procedure
2.3 The function / role of credit in the economic
growth and development process
2.4 The types of credit provided by 1st bank and their management 12
2.5 Sub-standard loans facilities
2.6 Provision for non-performing facilities
2.7 Factors considered by Nigerian bank in the
credit administration process
2.8 The Marco-economic environment the
regulatory environment / legal frame work
2.9 The Credit (loan) problem of Nigerian banks
2.10 Summary of literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Population of the study
3.3 Sample and sampling techniques
3.4 Instruments for data collections and analysis
3.5 Statistical treatment and analysis of data
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation, analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Questionnaire and analysis
4.3 Test of the hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of findings recommendation and conclusion
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Scope and limitation of the study
Bibliography
Questionnaires
LIST OF TABLE
4.1 Sex
4.2 Age
4.3 Material status
4.4 Current posting holding
4.5 Academic qualification
4.6 How long has this branch of your bank being in operation.
4.7 Do your bank have a separate department for credit management purpose
4.8 How do you see the quality of your bank loan portfolio
4.9 Do you think that incidence non performing credit of most banks to improve their loan portfolio
4.10 Do you believe that the rate of motoring of approved loan facilities by banks has an impact on the rate of recovery of such loan facilities.
4.11 Do you see the techniques being applied by Nigeria banks in minimizing the high degree to non-performing loan in their debt portfolios as being adequate and efficient
4.12 Which of the techniques is most widely used.
4.13 How do you view the effect of the CBN prudential guidelines on the effectiveness of banks credit management?
4.14 Do you think that the widespread bank distress of the later gos is attributable to ineffective credit management by the bank?
4.15 Will you attribute the loss of confidence by he public in banking sector to the banks poor performance, which is as consequence of credit management and the eventual bank distress.
4.16 Has the CBN been strongly equipment the banking sector on credit management?
4.17 How far has the credit management scheme been implemented to the Nigeria banking sector?
4.18 How has CBN been appraising the sector for credit management?
4.19 Who is responsible for he implementation of the scheme in your bank
4.20 Has the appraisal been encouraging to the banks?
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND TO STUDY
Banks are financial institutions which act as financial intermediaries between lenders and borrowers within the economy. In other words, banks are those institutions established to mobilize deposited form the surplus of the economy for no lending to the deficit sectors. This functions of banks makes them an integral organ in the economy system for the purpose of promoting activities and development.
Banks in Nigeria are presently classified into commercial, merchant and development banks. In recent time, other institution like mortgage houses and the community banks have emerged owing to the government policy of deregulation.
Credits are loans given out by banks in their ordinary course of business. Essentially, the business of barking institution is lending. The fund which the bank lend out are sourced from deposits in the form of demand deposits (current accounts) saving, deposits and time deposits. The banks made their income by lending out at interest rates. Higher than the lending requirement should include amongst other things that.
i. The credit grated is put to use for the purpose intended.
ii. The credit facility is adequately documented withal the supporting documents on the securities.
iii. The purpose for which the credit is granted is funded at appropriate interval as stipulated in the loan agreement.
iv. The repayment on loans are made as and at when due.
v. The customer is assisted in the form of managerial assistance where necessary in the execution of the programe.
vi. The detection of early warning sings of default on credit facilities and to take appropriate remedial actions credit appraisal and management as a process is very essential for banks because poor credit appraisal leads to poorly structured loan facilities. The may result in bad d3gts and losses which reduce the bank profitability and liquidity.
Where the volume of debts is large, a bank may be banks ability to meet facility will be utilized. Given a loan proposition, the analyst examines each of these basic canons, before accepting the request for the further analysis. A proposition may not meet all the canons, but at least it should meet a substantial put of the requirements that will satisfy these analysis.
This way symptoms of a bad loan can be detected at this early stage.
The second stage of credit appraisal is the in depth analysis of he loan proposition. The credit analyst examines some standard considerations such as the amount, purpose of the loan, the sources of repayment, past track records, the analysis of feasibility report submitted by the borrower.
This second stage pre-suppose that the first stage is the administration and control of credit if the credit request is approval this involves proper documentation of all necessary procedures of documentation of the applicants letter the certified loan agreement and the necessary legal documents for adequate perfection of securities. Adequate. Documentation ensures that the banks has valid claims on the collateral in situation of default.
Theoretically where the three step are applied at ceteris paribus management cannot approve credit request not recommended by the credit analyst. However is practices, within the context of he Nigerian financial industry, these basic steps are not often observed in all the banks. This has often lead to the incident of outperforming credit facilities.
A bank like nay other business organization has assets and liabilities.
Its liabilities consist mainly of deposits and shareholders interest. While its assets comprises mainly of its loans advances investment and fixed assets.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Banking is a long term undertaking of which expected funds are committed to enterprise to pay bank within a period of time, for about twenty (20 years depending ion the type of loan. There are following credit granting are:-
1. To discover if credit granted is put to use for the purpose