COST ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND PRICE DETERMINATION

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

 

This study is designed to provide knowledge for costing information and price determination.

The need for cost accounting came with increased industrialization, engineering an expansion in manufacturing.  It is therefore obvious that in efficient system of costing is essential for industrial control.

In period of boom, manufacturers are able to show profit notwithstanding the leakage which pass unchecked, but in periods of trade competition concealed inefficiencies have to track down and rigorous control must be exercised to ensure even modest margin profit.

There is not yet an agreed best method of costing products though it may be helpful to recognize that cost allocation are being used to obtain a mutually acceptable price and not necessary to portray caused and effect relationship of cost incurrence.   But price determination from cost under efficient operation through efficient cost system will most probably approximate the price of the product to its value.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Statement of problem

• Purpose of study
• Significance of limitation of study
• Scope and limitation of study
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO:

• Literature Review

2.1     Cost determination

• Cost Control
• Fixed and variable cost
• Natural and functional classification cost
• Other theoretical work on cost and pricing
• Price flexibility
• The Nature of Pricing problem
• Limitation of cost oriented price
• Cost bread pricing theories
• Price to achieve corporate objectives

 

CHAPTER THREE:

• Summary of Study

3.1     Discussion of findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendation

Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION:

Accountancy has been defined by GLAUTER and UNDERDOWN, in their book titled “Accounting theory and practice as “a reporting activity that forms part of any management information system.  In this regard, accountings is often explained as sciences of activities that are connected and form successive steps starting with observing, the collecting, recording, analyzing and finally communicating accounting information to its users.

The study of modern cost accounting yields insight regarding both accountants role and managers role in an organization because managers want to know how accountants measure performance and often depending upon accounting data for guiding their decisions.

Cost accounting has a major purpose of accumulating the cost of an organizations products and services.  This aspect is regarded as product costing purpose.

 

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

A view shared by previous researcher on this topic that there has been a shortfall in the utilization of cost accounting information in some organization and their pricing policy decision making.  It is right of this that this work attempt to suggest a good system which comprises a set of procedure, records and facilities that have to do with the systematic and routine compilation and dissemination of cost information and price determination.

 

THE ROLE OF STOCK BROKERS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

In any economy there is a financial system  that is responsible for regulating  the financial environment of the society determining the types  and use of funds to be issued, source of funds to be put. The financial system is really made  up of two major markets, namely money and capital stock market. The many market is the market for short term funds and securities including treasury bills, treasury certificate negligence of deposits, commercial paper and other funds of   which are less than a year duration.

 

Thus the  aim of the regulating bodies composed of Nigerian stock  exchange commission (SEC) is to promote development of  orderly capital  market to have authority over its members (stock broking firms) to whom it set  rules of ethics are made to guide their  professional behaviour in the course of carrying  out its functions and create awareness of the general public. Stocks exist to enable companies in need of long term financing to sell pieces of the business stock equity securities in exchange for cash. This is the principal method of raising business capital other than  issuing bonds. When the stocks of these corporations, which all which corporations  must issue, are owned by the public at large, including both private investors and institutions, they are said to be publicly held. These publicly held shares can be easily traded (sold) to other investors in the stock market and are  thus  said to be liquid,  or  readily conversed to cash. Stock breakage firms usually, serve as intermediaries in the transactions, buying the new securities at wholesale prices from the issuer and then reselling them to  the investing public at retail prices

 

1.1     HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CASE STUDY   IN NIGERIA STOCK EXCHANGE

The dealing members of the Nigeria stock exchange are institutions who are licensed  by the exchange as stockbrokers to buy and  sell securities quoted on the  exchange on behalf of the investing public.

 

In 1960, Nigeria stock Exchange was established with branch  in Kaduna in 1978. Prior to the establishment of the Nigeria stock exchange the were not equipped enough with the information of stock broking and its importance to an individual, groups, organizations and global economic development.

In essence the awareness  was low but from 1936 to date a considerable number of stock broking firms sprang up in Nigeria and in  Kaduna particularly the first stock broking  firm served as an eye opener to investors and the potential ones, with a highly experienced board and a crop of seasoned and   dedicated  professionals positioned to tackle the challenges of this new millennium. The branch is situated  in Kaduna to exploit the immense untapped natural resources and economic potentials of the country in general.

There are today 226 dealing  members of the Nigeria stock exchange. Many of them are affiliates of bank and other reportable financials institutions. Dealing members of   Nigeria stock exchange  can now accommodate foreign shareholders in their equity capital or go into any form of partnership with foreign stock brokerage firms.

Application from foreign stock brokers as members of the   nigeran stock exchange can  now be  enter anted within the  rules and regulations of the inorganic stock exhcnage, as well as  registration with securities and exchange  commission and corporate afiars commission following the abrogation of the exchange control Act 1962 and Nigeria promotion Decree of  1982 as stated in the Nigerian stock exchange fact exchange book 2004 page 334.

Finally, the  existence of stock  broking firms as  members of  Nigeria stock exchange  has  helped to create a  wealthy tomorrow for clients and increase  the wealth of shareholders and job creation for the  unemployed.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.

Capital market are generally expected to produce the institutional arrangement through which funds from the surplus sector of the economy. The allocation of funds are mainly for industrial, commercial and agricultural development. The capital market growth  rate is very slow and not developing to meet the international standard. There is lack of awareness on the  part of the public and potential  investors.

Poor management for the operation and affairs of a business is one the major factors  leading to incompetence, inefficiency and dishonesty in managing organization in Nigeria and in the global which has not  been in the best interest  of the shareholders  and the general public. However, the

IMPORTANCE OF LIQUIDITY IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Liquidity is the word that bankers use to describe the ability to satisfy demand for cash in exchange for deposit.  A bank is considered to be liquid when it has in various forms and locations plus arrestment insecurities that  are easily available at a short notice without loss or much loss to the bank, it could be conventional to refers to a bank as being liquid when it has enough liquidity to meet any financial emergency, for instance, during a runoff, the bank have the question of how much liquidity to hold and in what form is of great concern to any prudent bank manager.

Manager are also face with the requirements to comply with liquidity to meet seasonal and unexpected run on bank for cash be anticipated and met in advance from expected each in flow, deposit loan repayment or earnings.

In light of the above, the role of liquidity in our commercial banks becomes all to real its importance cannot therefore be over emphasized liquidity is needed to take advantage of unexpected favourable and profitable opportunity or for aggressive purpose.

If a bank is needed of liquidity, it becomes difficult for it to take opportunities like this.  A bank might run into difficulties when a firm that they went to secure as a customer family presents a loan application or particular desirable investment development, it becomes difficult for them to do this, it is not sufficiently liquid.  Usually the bank approach is to identity two liquidity needs of banks, one is the need for immediate liquidity to ensure to continual day-to-day operations (e.g. liquidity to meet with drawal of deposits by customers, clients) and the other it the need to meet unforeseeable problems in financing the banks know future commitments the balance sheet relationship which is most relevant to this view of liquidity is that of deposit liability.

In order for the bank to distinguish between the following:

1. Liquidity and assets, which are maturity uncertain (e.g. short deposit and overdraft)

 

2. Liquidity and asset which are maturity certain (e.g. loan and deposits, which are for friend terms).

 

3. Assets which have a friend maturity but by nature usually can be sold easily and safely e.g. treasury bills, extricate or deposits.

In Nigeria, commercial banks activities are regulated by banking act 1969 (as amended).  As a result a lot is required of the commercial bank like legal reserved requirement (cash ration liquidity ratio stabilization secrets issued by the central bank of Nigeria CBN for special deposit).  Liquidity problem for the purpose of this study are divided of looked at as problems for the purpose encountered by banks management.  Where there is either excess or shortage of liquidity on the banking system or is commercial banking system.  It will be noted that since the end of Nigeria Civil war, the Nigerian financial system has been experiencing economic transaction, which emanated from the inflow of foreign exchange via the oil sector.  Emphasis were gradually shifted from other sector like agriculture to oil, has performance in this sector entered prudent influence on the liquidity of the economy, the federal government was equally welcoming in liquidity so it had no use of certain borrowing instrument like treasury bills, treasury certificates and development stock.  As a result, banks vaults swelled uncontrollably.  This resulted in arm-chain banking by choosing which deposit to accept and which  not to the bank were walling  in excess liquidity and where was little out lets for short term resources and yet banks were not ready to long term investment.

Commercial banks were faced with excess liquidity problems.  They had more funds which could be profitable employ.  But is believed that the situation is reviewed.  Banks are now faced with the problem of liquidity and liquidity hidden for long.

A bank may succeed in canceling low profitability or capital inadequacy for long, but a bank that becomes illiquid many not be able to conceal it for more than one day.  Once there is an increased demand for currency the problem of liquidity will surface.

 

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There is no doubt that 50% of bank failure in our country

today is as result of inadequate liquidity in our commercial banks.  Problem of inadequate in our commercial banks is of great concern.  No doubt the CBN governor brings out the new one billion naira capitalization base for all commercial banks.  In the course of writing this projects the researcher unfold some solution to the above mention problem.

 

ACCOUNTING AS A BASIS FOR MANAGING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE

 (A CASE STUDY OF STATE EDUCATION COMMISSION ENUGU).

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

 

The society at large views public money as an opportunity to enriching themselves since it is not for any body beside it is our nation cake as always stated. People with questionable intentions makes good use of this opportunity in looking away most of this funds which were kept under their control as leaders.

It is on the above points, that the research had carry out a critical research with a view to knowing the extent of accountability in the public expenditure.

Carry out an in-depth study are to the causes of inadequate accountability in our public establishment and how best to control public funds. In terms of making expenditure.

To achieve a reasonable research, the researcher embarked o the research work by making an empirical survey, which will be in form of oral, and written data, which involve questionnaires and library research which formed part of the researcher secondary data.

With the above fact, the researcher analysis the research work and test the hypothesis. And the hypothesis was tested by the use of the chi-square formula, before arriving at a conclusion.

However, based on the findings, recommendations were made on how best public expenditure would be managed. It is my strong opinion that it will go a long way in alleviating the situation if fully implemented.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • Statement of problem
  • Objective of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Statement of Hypothesis
  • Scope of the study
  • Limitation of the study
  • Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

• Origin and historical development of accounting
• Accounting defined
• Types of accounting
• Specialized accounting fields
• Definitions of public expenditure
• Need for adequate accountability of public expenditure
• The role of auditors in managing public expenditure.
• Role of internal auditors
• Role of external auditors
• How accounting can help in the management of public expenditure

 

CHAPTER THREE

• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
• Design of the research
• Sources of data
• Primary data
• Secondary data
• Reliability of data
• Sample used
• Method of hypothesis testing

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation Analysis, Interpretation
  • Data Analysis
  • Test of Hypothesis
  • Summary of Study

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  • Findings
  • Recommendations

Conclusion

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

Misappropriation and embezzlement of public fund have been the talk of the day in our various government institutions. This case of inadequacy and inefficiency in the accountability of public fund had shown the force that people who are being entrusted with such funds shows a sort of non-challant attitude in carrying out the duties. This attitude had done a lot of harm to the growth of our various government establishments, it is clear that no institution, parastatals, or organization will grow without maintaining adequacy efficiency and accountability. However, it is also obvious that some organization has been closed up or folded up due to the fact that their funds were not adequately managed.

Because of the inadequate accountability of public funds that some times, necessitate the checks, which is carried out by both internal and external at intervals. This checks being carried out auditors both internal and external is called auditing, the reason for this is to find out the extent of accountability if any, and to advice the auditory on the steps and have best to control their funds.

Based on the fact that Enugu State Education Commission, which the researcher has chosen as her case study is one of the numerous establishment controlled by Enugu State Government. There is the need for an in-depth study to be carried out in Enugu State Education Commission which will service a sample size when analyzing the findings and making recommendations about public expenditure with special regard to Enugu State.

However, in the course of this study work be carried out in findings the origin of the board, sources of funds to the board, ways in which these funds are expended and finally an attempt would be made to find out if the people entrusted with the boards funds, maintain adequate account of the fund kept under their controlled.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The increase in inadequacy and inefficiency in the accountability of public expenditure, due to misappropriation to embezzlement of public funds has put to question that inequity of reliability of those entrusted with the accountability of public expenditure the non-challant attitude of government employees in the performance of their duties as related to accounting needs much to be desired, since they usually have on ugly nation that government fund belongs to nobody and as such they tend to exercise little or no care in making expenditure including the government.

A lot of efforts put in place to correct this notion had little or no impact on these government employees, have the establishment of internal audit, investigation and compliance units by the state education commission to deal with such issues.

It is necessary to state here that some of the courses behind inadequate accountability of public expenditure may be attributed to lateness in implementing reports issued by the above mentioned bodies or at times some of the reports are ignored without being implemented. It is based on the above reasons that this study is being embarked on to find out some of the factors that are militating against adequate accountability in the state education commission and to recommend on how best the situation could be reduced.

 

 

 

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN COMMUNITY BANKING

(A CASE STUDY OF OGUI URBAN COMMUNITY BANK

NIGERIA LIMITED)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

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ABSTRACT

Within the frame work of this project topic “Accounting system in community banking” the researcher has attempted to explain the importance of Accounting system as ways of helping management to improve operations in the community banking sector.

However, recent researcher have shown that one of the main causes of indigenous business failure in this country is due to the failure to maintain proper Accounting records. There fore, at the end of this project research work, an attempt was made to give solutions to this problem so as to increase the status of our community banks.

In achieving the objectives of this study, various  investigation instruments such as questionnaire personal interview and chi-square statistical test were implemented in the collection of data for the study and the result from them were used for the summary of findings.

In furthermore of the research objectives, recommendation were made which when implemented, the researcher hopes that it will be of great help to the regulatory authorities. The recommendations were based on research findings and should not be noted to be exhaustive.

In conclusion, the researcher believes that the pre-determined objective of the study has been achieved.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Accountancy embraces the installation of book-keeping and accounting systems,  the writing up of account and the preparations of every kind of financial statement from the  simplest receipts and payments of small club to the published accounts of large public companies. It is one of the main work of the accountant in practice to provide client both large and small with necessary advice as to the most appropriate accounting system to in tall what will provide management with up-to date information.

According is always said to be the language of business. Every organization including bank registered under the Nigerian company law, having statutory responsibility f profit and loss account together with statement of the assets and liabilities at the end of its accounting period, to its members shareholders, the public and other users including the government. Accounting system means the system of recording financial transactions in an organization. It could also be referred  as an internal control system in an organization depending on the nature of business undertaken by the organization. This is because financial transactions are qualified in monetary terms and this requires proper recording of receipts and payment of funds. It is worthy to note here that any default in the accounting system of an organization could lead to business failure.

In addition, banks by virtue of nature of its services dealing with money are expected to maintain an-up-to-date record of its transactions with or on behalf of its customers.

However, in community banking, this responsibility can be effectively discharged if there is an adequate system of account put in place for recording day to day transactions of the bank. Besides, accounting is not only concerned with recording of transactions but also with the use to which the records are put, their analysis and interpretations for use in making decisions not only for the management usefulness but also to the members and would be investors, government agencies etc.

Recent researchers have shown that one of the main causes of indigenous business failure in the country is due to the failure to maintain proper accounting records. Therefore, these purposes can only be achieved in the light of good design and application of sound accounting system. Thus, the scope of this research work is to make  appraisal of relevance and adequacy of accounting system in community banking using “Ogui Urban community bank Nigeria ltd as a cases study.

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS.

Accounting being  a profession referred to as service activity and accounting  as often termed to be the language of business, therefore the importance  of accounting system in any organization cannot be overemphasized. The objectives of providing accounting information for decision making cannot be achieve if there is no adequate accounting system in place. In the course of this research work, the following problems will be considered:

i.          The effects of inadequate