STUDY OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION

(IMPLICATION FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

ABSTRACT

Financial intermediation is the process by which financial institution accept saving from house hold and lend this saving to business organizations.

Since high level of financial intermediation has been associated with high degree of economic development e.g Nigeria has allegedly been said to experience low level of financial intermediation.

The objective of this study

1. To establish the extent of financial intermediation in Nigeria and the likely effect on economic development.
2. To reveal the economic development position (as measures by Gross National/Domestic Income) of countries that have comparatively the same level of financial intermediation are relatively high.

This proper will also look into the following problem. In Nigeria there has been a comparatively low level of financial intermediation demonstrated by the grossly inadequate habits to all nooks and corners of the country. Lack of actual practical indegenisation of bank industry.

The ultimate effect is that the existing financial intermediation find it impossible to effectively mobilize available resources and allocate them enhance the rate of economic development

After examining these problems, recommendation will be made. It will be aimed at increasing the level of financial intermediation in Nigeria. Then conclusion will be drawn.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                                       1

• Background of the study 1
• Statement of problem 3
• Objectives of study 3
• Significance of the study 4
• Scope and Limitation of the study 5
• Definition of terms 6

Reference:                                                                              12

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE                                                      13

2.1 Bank and Non-Bank financial Intermediaries                        13

2.2 Financial Institutions and Economic Development.               14

2.3 Financial Intermediation and Economic

Development in developed countries.                                21

2.4 Financial intermediation and Economic Development

in less Developed countries.                                              23

2.5 Financial Intermediaries and monetary control                      26

2.6 Review in increasing the level of financial

Intermediation in Nigeria and the LDC’S                          28

2.7 The problems of financial Intermediation                              29

Reference.                                                                          30

CHAPTER THREE                                   

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY                        32

3.1 Research methods used                                                          32

3.2 Description of Respondents                                                   32

3.3 Sources of Data                                                                     33

3.4 Method of Investigation                                                         34

References                                                                         36

CHAPTER FOUR

• Presentation and analysis of data introduction. 37
• Testing of Hypothesis. 42

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION       43

5.1 Findings                                                                                43

5.2 Recommendation                                                                   48

5.3 Conclusion                                                                            53

References.                                                                        56

Bibliography                                                                      57

Questionnaires                                                                   59

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION.

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

          The concept of financial intermediation and resources mobilization are not new in financial literature, their relationship with economic development has also been widely discussed. Relevant literatures on financial intermediations and resources mobilization have attempted to distinguish the concept of self-finance, direct finance and indirect finance.

Direct finance involves the use of marketing techniques in which primary securities (or the liabilities of ultimate borrowers). In such forms as bonds corporate securities mortgage etc. are distributed among those financial assets. This mode of finance through encourages high savings rate and alertness to new profitable investment opportunities, total reliance on self finance is not probably a desirable long run strategy.

The other form of finance the indirect finance on he other hand involves the existence of financial intermediaries with place themselves between ultimate lenders and ultimate borrowers by purchasing the primary securities of the latter and issuing claims against themselves. Indirect securities for the portfolio of ultimate lenders while self finance makes for a balanced budget the direct and indirect finance which are forms of external fiancé make for deficit financing in which intermediaries solicit for loan able funds from the simple limits and allocate these to the deficit units whose direct debt. They absorb

From the three methods of financing highlighted above writes on this issue identified the indirect finance as the only are that calls for the intermediation by the financial institution following the above conception, gurley and show (1960) attempted the definition of the concept of financial intermediation as intermediating or go between function of financial institutions in purchasing primary securities from ultimate borrowers and issuing indirect debt (secondary securities) of the portfolio of the ultimate lenders by so doing the financial intermediaries establish a link between the borrowers. The deficit units and the lenders the simple units with this linkage they transfer resources from the surplus to the deficit unit.

 

 

 

1.2     STATE OF THE STUDY

          It is general acknowledged fact by economist that high level of financial intermediation is associated with high rate of economic development. This has been experience by the grossly inadequate number of financial intermediaries, inadequate spread of banking habits to all the nooks and corners of the country, lack of actual practical indegenisation of the banking industry. The ultimate effect is that the existing financial intermediaries find it impossible to effectively mobilizes available resources and allocate them to enhance the rate of economic development.

In the final analysis there is low level of financial intermediation in Nigeria which culminate in a disappointedly low level of economic growth and development. These are the problem this study is set to look into which a view to finding possible solutions and recommendations

BUDGETING AS A CONTROL STRATEGY

(A CASE STUDY OF UNIONBANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU OGUI ROAD)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• Background of study

               Union Bank of Nigeria plc is one of the first generation banks started to the colonial era. Formally known as Baraclays bank DCO (Dominion Colonial and Overseas) it was opened in1917.

In compliance with the directive of the government in 1968, that all companies (Including Banks) must be incorporated  locally in Nigeria in1969 and its name was consequently changed to Baraclays Banks of Nigeria Limited with its registered Head office at 40 Marina Lagos.

As a result of Nigerian Enterprises promotion decree of 1972 and 1977, the federal government of Nigeria acquired 52% of the Bank shares Leaving 40% for Barclays Bank international ltd (Now Baraclays-Bank plc) while the remaining 8% was taken up by the Nigerian public Baraclays Bank plc sold 20% of its shares to Nigerian in 1979 and the remaining 2% in June 1989.  Thus, it became an indigenous bank wholly managed by Nigerians.  And the name was changed to Union Bank of Nigeria Limited.  In 1990 the name was further changed to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc.

The bank is one of the commercial bank that survives and strives during the nations economic unsteadiness.  Union bank of Nigeria plc currently has her corporate head office at 40 marina Lagos.  This Head office building “The STALLION PLAZA” is a 32 story edifice and is now the most magnificent and tallest building in Africa.

The bank now has 9 Area office branches, including full indigenous branch in LONDON and SOUTH AFRICA respectively.  It has 5 staff training centres with on LAGOS, IBADAN, PORT-HARCOURT, ZARIA JOS.  The bank which is regarded as the largest employer of labour in banking industry in Nigeria, now has a staff strength of 8 workers.  It has some group of company such as union merchant bank, union assistance and union Homes.

The bank is about 75% computerian and has an outstanding record in term of profitability.  As at Septembers 30^th 1998 bank’s gross earnings total assets and deposit base stood at N13.8 billion N102.4 billion and N77 billion respectively.

The principle and consent of budgeting centres around the optional allocation scarce resources.  Resources are limited but human wants are not only unlimited but also multifarious.  In order to make the best use of available resources, the principle of budgeting has to be adopted.

Every business organization, government, sole propertor and banks employs the principle of budgeting as a control strategy.  Even individuals like salary earners hardly know that they are adopting the principle of budgeting when at the end of the month,  they try to reconcile their monthly salaries with their expenses for the month.

The budgetary control strategy calls for the preparation of plane in the form of ideas and values for the future.  Budgeting cannot be performed in isolation.  This is one of the reasons that all managers should be financially aware because almost every decision taken will have financial implication and will therefore effect other department, even if this means they have less money available for their Own budget.

Clearly, once a budget has been established it is necessary to set up  control and procedures which enables the  budget to be monitored.

Budgetary control is the establishment of budget relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirement of actual with budgeted results either to secure by individual action the objective of the policy or the provide basis for its revision. It should be pointed out that there is on significant difference between the principles of budgeting control in either the banks or public sectors, the statement implies that as budgets are established for various elements of the bank managers are given responsibility foe the management  of  budget resources in those.

Clearly, a strategy require information which has to be related to the delegate responsibilities within the bank, these should be related to the objectives of the  budget and then be monitored as  out turn figures  become available.  Overall, it was  felt that the budgetary control process and demand that it places on financial management skills represents the major challenges of change being faced by the bank.

The budget can be a powerful tools for motivating people to achieve the bank objectives or it can lead to either bad or good consequence according the way it applied in various type of organization.

Budgeting is essentially concerned with establishing a t plan or target of performance which co-ordinates all the activities of the business and calculating differences or various and analysising the reason for them. One general purpose of budget in bank, sole proprietor and government is to enable them to plan their financial resources which will be consumed and generated during the course of the budget period

The period generally adopted for budgeting is one year and this usually coincides with the financial year of the bank.

Finally, in introducing an effective budgeting strategy, management has to make penetrating critical and uncompromising study of the business to determine its strength and weakness in relation to what it is trying to achieve.  Budgets should be capable of change when circumstances changes so that the yardstick is a realistic attainable one. The strategy should operate to assist motivation and not simply be used as a bigstick or a pressure device.

 

• STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

It is generally agreed that every business organization, government and sole-proprietors should employ the principle and concept of budgeting control as a tool in achieving set goals. Consequently, for this research work, the following are the problems which this study hope to provide solution to:

The inability of banks to property forecast expenditure matched to revenue given the insta

Effective Implementation of Organizational Policies And  Procedures In Nigeria Business.

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

In all business  enterprise effective  implementation of organizational policies and procedure  is very important and can never be over emphasized and to achieve  this goal, target and objective is beckoned the design of managers  who do not sit there as a ceremonial heads rather they have role of implementing the organic functions of management in today’s dynamic and  competitive business environment in Nigeria.  This work is  design to expose and the  serious minded managers to be  adequately equipped to face the challenges ahead  as future management practitioner in big.  And when adequate implementation of  polices and  procedures is not there business worldwide will be greatly affected.  In generating data needed to achieve the objective of this study, cross-sectional survey was used.  Questionnaire was used as the major instrument for primary data  collection.  The broaden the researcher’s depth of  knowledge the study area the research embark on  review of related literature with data drawn from secondary sources.  Data generated in the study  was presented on frequency table and analyzed using percentages  while the hypothesis was tested with Z test.

It was found at the end of the research work that most organization get the best out of their work or reach to their option goal, target and objectives because of poor implementation of organizational policies  works are not allowed to join in decision-making that concerns them.

Finally effective organizational policies  and procedures must be more sensitive to customers and also in order to up grade the work-force with exquisite training and motivation so as to reunion a winner or achieve a set  objective which is the main target.

CHAPTER ONE    INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study                                         1

• Statement of the problem 3
• Purpose of the study                                               4
• scope of the study 5
• research question 6
• research hypothesis 6
• significance of the study 7
• definition of term 8

references                                                                          10

 

CHAPTER – TWO          REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• Effective implementation of policies                       11
• Effective implementation of organizational functions 11
• Effective control of organizational policies 12
• Profile of first bank Nigeria Plc 15
• The managerial structure of F.B.N Plc 19

References                                                               25

 

CHAPTER –THREE       Research and Methodology

• Research design 59
• Population of the study 60
• Sample size and its determination 61
• Instrument for data collection 62
• Validation of the instrument 64
• Reliability of the instrument 64
• Method of data collection 65
• Method of data analysis 66

References                                                               67

 

CHAPTER – FOUR        Data Presenting And  Analysis

• Presentation and analysis of data 69
• Testing of hypothesis 76
• Summary of results 80

References                                                                         82

 

CHAPTER  –  FIVE         Discussion, Recommendation And Conclusion

• Discussion of Findings 88
• Conclusion 90

Bibliography                                                                      93

Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Effective  Implementation  of organizational policies and procedures  in Nigeria  business encourages delegation of decision-making to business managers who do  not sit there as a ceremonial needs rather they have the role of implementing the organic functions of management in today’s dynamic  and competitive business environment  in Nigeria.  This research  work  is design  to expose and  aid the serious minded managers to be adequately equipped to face the challenges ahead as future management parishioners in biz.  Good polices provides definite and clear direction by top management and at the same time allow subordinates to make their own decision with clearly stated  limits.  The  usual sources of policies and procedures  and it is pertinence to note that for a business to retain it position as a going –concern  entity, it is imperative that manager  formular policies plan, strategies  and also implement these plan  effectively for the  continued growth and  survival of the business enterprise.  This is a major aspect of a task facing  managers especially in a modern complex business situation.  Therefore, today’s managers must take into consideration the following measures for effective implementation of organizational policies and procedure in Nigeria business.

They must specifically take into account the forces and trend such as environmental, economic, political, sociological, psychological technological, legal  and ethnical  factors while formulating  the policies  than can facilitate the accomplishment of the overall objectives  and  goals  of the business  in question of course if a policy has been formulated but ha  not been carried out or implemented into action.  It cannot be  effective  since it has not come to the attention of the employees but it runs the risk of being overlooked or misinterpreted, but according to (Akpala, 1990: 59) he  said less prone to misunderstanding for effective  implementation  of organizational polices and procedures in Nigerian business to be properly executed the laid down  rules guiding the organization must follow.

Procedure on the other hand can be stated as the system that describes in details the step to be taken in order to accomplish a set objective in business which is the main target that heads to effective implementation of polices and  procedures emphasis more in  details while polices concentrate on the basic general approaches.  Policy is therefore  a guide for making decision.  Thus according to Kpala (1990:57) he simple define policy as a guideline to managerial actions, while Coventry and barker (1985:93) define policies as the guideline  laid down  in general or specific terms  to make organization to reach the expected target or objectives.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This boil down to  what constitute the problem  on the study  of effective implementation of organizational polices and  procedure in Nigeria business cannot exist  on it own, it needs employers who will work in  implementing  those  policies needed for effective business  environment and all  these  will not take expected  standard unless workers are properly motivated  ie given them required training, internal and external  incentives their salary  may  even be increased, paying them over time and considering them as human  beings and not machines by so doing  the business  will be booming  since it is effectively  structured and implemented but if the  reverse is the case things will not be moving haphazardly and it will constitute a lot of problem to the study.

 

1.3          PURPOSE OF

effective administration of credit in the co-operative enterprise

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Agricultural credit in Nigeria dates back to the 1930s. But organized credit to farmers, but it did not start until 1772 when Nigerian agriculture and co-operative bank (N.A.C.B) was established. The awareness of the serous decline in agricultural production was partly responsible for the establishment of the bank. The N.A.C.B was not the only financial institution, which provides agricultural credit. Prior to establishment of N.A.C.B, agricultural credit scheme was operated by some agencies such as the ministry of agriculture supervised scheme, agricultural credit co-operation, co-operative thrift and loam schemes, farmers multi-purpose co-operative societies. Most of the institution was not effective sources for strictly agricultural credit. There were a lot of evidences that creditors borrowed for agriculture but diverted it for another ventures. Again credits were only extended to only favorites and scarcely to genuine small-scale farmers. Besides, they could not meet the collateral and equity contribution requirement, a situation that compelled a significant proportion of the farmers to seek for other source credits. According to Ichadaba quoted from Cardoso, (1987.18) a survey carried out showed that 58% of farming related borrowing was from family and fiends, 24% from private money lenders, 15% from merchant, and only 3% is from institution for agriculture. However, while family and friends charges little or no interest, privet lenders charges exorbitant interest. Organized credit facility for Nigerian rural farming population will reduce the dependence on source other than the formal financial houses. It is against this background that the researcher is to investigate how credit will be effectively administered in co-operative enterprises. This will enable us the identify the major problems associated with credit administration and seek solution to those problem to ensure continued existence of the co-operatives.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Co-operative society mobilizes credit to their members through the saving of the members. It has been observe that they are inefficient in mobilizing and utilization of credit. Many problem lead to their ineffective mobilization of credit, they are;

Inadequate fund for bank purpose

Inefficient management of loan

Faulty loan policy, which may sometime emphasize credit worthiness of borrowers and not the viability of project.

 

Credit co-operation are mere money activities without prop

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES OF STUDENTS POOR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE STUDY OF SECRETARIAL ADMINISTRATION IN TERTIARY INSITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Purpose of the study
• Significance of the study
• Scope of the study
• Research questions

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

• Definition an historical

Background of a secretary

• Distinguish between a Secretary and other categories

Of clerical staff

• Duties and qualities of a secretary
• Difficulties faced by a Secretary
• Derision of a secretary
• Motivation factors of Secretaries
• Provision of adequate facilities equipments
• Importance of guidance and Counselling before choosing a career
• Summary of literature reviewed

CHAPTER THREE

Research design and methodology

• Research method

3.1     design of the study

• Area of the study
• Population of the study
• Sampling of the study
• Sampling techniques
• Discrimination of the instrument for data collection
• Validation of instruments
• Administration of instruments
• Techniques for data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation and analysis of data

• Testing of research questions

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of the findings conclusion, and recommendation

• Summary of findings
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• Suggested areas for furthers study
• Limitations of the study

References

Appendix

Questionnaires

ABSTRACT

          The purpose of carrying out this research was to investigate on the causes of students poor attitude towards the study of secretarial studies in tertiary institutions in Enugu state. In order to obtain the requires data, the researcher use some selected tertiary institutions in Enugu State with a total population of 610 respondents, 400 respondents were used as the sample size while instrument for data collection were questionnaire, text books and personal observation. Three research questions were formulated for the study.

The findings showed that:

Enough equipment were not provided for imparting of the course.

The financial involvement of the course is very high.

Most of the students were not properly, guided by guidance and counsellors before enrolling into the department.

The researcher finally made some useful suggestions and recommendation on the provision of required equipment for department of secretarial studies, that Government should come to the aid of tertiary institutions that are running this course since the equipment are very expensive. The researcher also recommended that guidance and counsellor services should be given to the students before choosing their courses also that there must be good report between students and lectures.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0          INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Secretarial studies, simply put, is education for secretaryship which includes the training necessary to develop secretarial skills.  These skills include human relation skills e.g. writing and translating shorthand with typewriter, knowing how to operate typewriter both manual and electric and finally being a computer literate.  All these sub-skills prepare one for the secretarial functions for which a good secretary must possess.  Secretarial studies is also part of the business education which many scholars have written on the subject, all have seen it as education that equips the learner with the skills which they required for use in business offices.

Secretarial studies is one of the most literate course one can offer among other related course.  Those who successfully graduated from this course of study are always in terms of job opportunities.

In Nigeria for example, the demand for secretary by various business concern are exhaustible.  In the recent past, the secretary by virtue of the training, specialization and responsibility takes the position of an administration which is a step below that of a manager.

At present, responsibility below on a secretary varies from one business concern to another and that is aspiring to the managerial post.  All these are dependent on hand work, further training and experience.

Even with the technological revolution in the office, the place of the secretary remains unthreatened. The secretary has unlimited career protests, she is sometimes referred to as a live-wire of an organization or office encyclopaedia among other befitting names.

Secretaries receive adequate training to cope with versatility in an increasingly complex and automated modern office.

But amidst all these available opportunities for the secretary, there has been a negative attitude among the present day students in studying the course in the tertiary institutions especially among the males.  The scarcity of proficient secretaries has been remarkable in our developing economy.

Over the years, the secretary has been misrepresented, misapprehended, and misinterpreted as well, with this ugly development, a lot of students aspiring to professionalise on the ever increasing demand of secretaries in our fast developing economy?

Hence the dire need for the study, the “causes of students poor attitude towards the study of secretarial studies in tertiary institutions” with a view of finding out the problems and then solving them.

Perhaps, the most crucial and challenging questions in the minds of secretarial administration educators is what to do in order to keep pace with technological change in the secretarial office equipment and not poor enrolment into the course.

1.2          STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS:

For quite sometime now, there has been a decline on the number of prospective school learners who offer secretarial studies in tertiary institutions.

Moreover, a higher percentage of those who apply to read the course nowadays has been observed to be females.

In another development, some students offering the course claimed that it was their inability to fit into other