FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

(A CASE SUDY OF NIGERIA)

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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Statement of problem

1.3     Objectives of the study

1.4     Significance of the study

1.5     Significance of the study

1.6     Scope of the study

1.7     Selection of sample cities

1.8     Limitations and delimitations of the study

1.9     Definitions of technical terms

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATURE REVIEW
  • Financial infrastructure in developing countries earlier approach
  • Financing urban infrastructure and services in Nigeria

2.2.1 Immediate priorities

2.2.1.1 Reorientation of public expenditure

2.2.1.2 Targeting the urban poor

2.2.1.3 Counterpart funding from state annual budgets

• Medium term agenda
• Mobilization of state and local revenues
• Property taxes potential –IDF experience
• Public sector borrowing
• Alternative infrastructure financing options
• Private investment

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

• General features of the research
• Method of data collection
• Sources of data
• Location of data
• Tools for data analysis
• Basis selection of sample
• Bases of selection
• Location of sample cities
• Overview of sample cities
• Limitations of information
• Method of data analysis
• Data analysis techniques

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation
• Data analysis
• Test of hypothesis
• Inter predating data

 

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

• Summary of findings
• Conclusion
• Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

 CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria is urbanizing at an astonishing pace.  The share of Nigeria’s population increased from 20% in 1970 to about 38% in 1993 (the world banking) of the nearly 110 million Nigerians, about 40 million are now living in cities and towns.  The urban population grew at around 5.5% per year from 1980 to 1993 (compared with 2.9% for the national population).

 

This is among the highest urban growth rates in the world, due mainly to migration from rural areas.  At current roles, the number of urban dwellers will double in only 13 years.  This is equivalent to a city of three million each years.  Such growth is creating an immense and largely unmet demand.  For urban services such as water, sanitation, road, public transport, waster disposal, health and education.

 

The physical condition of Nigeria’s infrastructure water supply, sewerage, sanitation, urban road, electricity, drainage, waste disposal, school hospital is generally poor.  For example only about half of the people in Nigeria’s urban areas have access to pipe-born water in and, or around their homes.  All types of infrastructure suffer from a massive backlog of neglected rehabilitation and maintenance, not to talk of the investments needed to serve future growth.  Periodic and routine maintenance by for the most management of municipal wastes – sewage, seepage, and refuses Nigeria major urban environmental problem.  Improving waste management is more of a policy and management issue than a technical one.

 

Industrial waste is another major urban environmental concern.  The most critical firms with 50 or more employees, these extra costs amount to some 10% of the total machinery and equipment budget.  For small firms, the burden is an high as 25%.  According to the world bank reports, inadequate public services can also raise cost.  For the urban poor, who wither rely on alternative, costly provides (such as water vendors) or spend large amount of time (as in fetching water from inconvenient sources) the world banks, 1995.

 

A large number of people in Nigeria’s urban area do not have enough income to meet their basic needs of food, shelter and cloth.  About 21% of the urban population-8.5 million people (as per 1991 population census) was estimated to be below the poverty line in 1992/93 (the world bank, 1995). Of these, about 1.1 million were classified as “several poor” by the world bank.  The vast majority of the urban poor are in cities other than Lagos, such as Onitsha, Kano, Kaduna, Abuja, Enugu, Port Harcourt etc.  Their cash income is insufficient to cover minimal standards of food, water, fuel, shelter, medical care, and schooling.

 

The urban poor live in airborne emission are sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, which pose serious health hazards in urban areas. Industrial and air pollution need to be dealt with by enforced regulation coupled with economic incentives to change the behavior of industries and users of motor vehicles.

 

From the foregoing, one will notice that our infrastructures have deteriorated an urban services collapsed.  But no one is left in doubt the crucial role urbanization plays as a positive force in economic development.  Cities and towns are the home of most industry, commerce, and services.  These sectors of the economy can be highly productive.  World wide, higher per capital incomes are closely related to higher levels of urbanization.

 

Urban based, non-oil industry and services accounted for about half of Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP) between 1995 and 1994.  thus, average per capital income in urban areas is around one third higher than in rural areas.  This is the basic reason why attention should be focused on financing strategies for urban infrastructure development in Nigeria to boost productivity and growth of our developing economy.

 

It is on this premise that the author (researcher) wishes to study empirically the sources of finance available and financial strategies available to finance the urban infrastructure and services with regard to Nigeria economy.  The problems associated with government past option and agenda towards the restoration of urban “decay”.  In this work also, the writer dealt on the institutional arrangement from the world bank and other similar bodies-both in short term (immediate) and medium term.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As have been noted, the benefit that an economy can derive from infrastructure development cannot be over emphasized.  The economic pressures behind urbanization are very powerful.  Cities and towns are the home of most industry, commerce, and services.  These sectors of the economy can be highly productive. World wide, higher per capital incomes are closely related to higher levels of urbanization

 

 

 

Continue reading FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES →

BUDGETING IN PUBLIC SECTOR ECONOMY “CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE GOVERNMENT”

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of budgeting on the economic development of the state to determine the factors which account for the difference between the capital expenditure and the recurrent expenditure and to take an overview of the analysis of the relationship between estimated and actual expenditure in the last five financial years. The study is aimed at improving budgeting as an effective tool for financial planning and control in the state public sector. Some of the problem associated with this study include , ascertaining whether the budget is usually prepared aimed at realizing the states objectives or if the budgets and make  them look ambitious why are budget bigger or smaller over the year? What account for deficits or surplus budgets?

Five years consolidated financial statement of estimates of Enugu state of Nigeria , approved revenue estimated , actual revenue and revised revenue estimates. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire and it was self-administered. The data so collected was put in a form that allowed for easy comparison.

The findings reveal the “call circulars” are issued in July and that the “estimates committee” is the only body charged with reviewing proposals from every ministry and government bodies. The state has not adopted the planning programming and budgeting system [ PPBS]. The states major source of revenue are the federation account and states internal revenue though the states share of the federation account is received monthly , it is received short of the expected revenue. It was also found that while the civilian budget was mostly done at a deficit, that of military government is either a balanced one or a surplus one.

The implication of this findings for budget preparations ,revenue control and budgeting techniques , measurement and assessment are discussed. Some recommendations are made regarding how budgeting can be improved to help check the up- surge of recurrent expenditure and improving the internally generated revenue.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

      CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

• Objective of the study
• Purpose of the study
• Significant of the study
• Statement of the hypothesis
• Limitation of the study
• Scope of the study
• Definition of terms

 

        CHAPTER TWO

2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The historical literature framework

2.2 Revenue allocation formula in Nigeria

2.3 Enugu state budgeting

 

     CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Source of data

3.2   Primary source of information

3.3Secondary source of information

 

    CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Data analysis

• Test of hypothesis

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDING , CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION.

5.1 Findings

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix: questionnaire.

 

 

CHAPTER   ONE

 

 INTRODUCTION 

In    his budget of December 23, 2003 presented the year 2004 budget, there the governor of Enugu state governor CHIMAROKE  NNAMANI said that the thrust of the 2004 budget is poverty reduction of the people. The state government appreciated the dangers of delaying OF delaying the narrowing of gay  between the tow socio-economic order ,the rich and the poor so as to provide  equal footing for both .

For proper integration of social and economic environment in the state ,it has become imperative to reduce unemployment and poverty in the state to the barest minimum . For us in Enugu state  it meant drastic reduction in personnel cost ,recovery of government funds and properly filtered away during the civilian administration  ,increase in internal revenue generation ,judicious spending and accountability .         Though ,a budget can be prepare simply on the basis of what was done on the pervious year ,adjusted for any change in condition or scope of the activity that may be anticipate for the coming year, a soundly conceived budgetary plan should be such that will  simulate the executive to take a more critical view of his own operation .

The fundamental difference between the public sector and private sector is that the later is organics and operated to make a profit for its owner while the former exists to provide  services to its citizens substantially on a non-profit basis .  The Enugu state Annual Budget  like any other state in the federation consists of tow segments:    the recurrent expenditure and the capital expenditure .However the drastic collapse in oil revenue over the year is one factor that has seriously affected state budgets  .Also the recent federal government ban on the state from securing loan from external or internal sources and the heavy dependence on  imports for  essential raw material spare parts and capital goods has continued to affect the state budgeting . Others include unacceptable high  rate of inflation and unemployment ,low productively ,and an adverse debt repayment position .it is this state of affairs that made Enugu state government to adopt the following strategies to achieve the derived goals .

 

A}          Maximization of internal revenue by improving the revenue collection machinery and policies .

 

B}     judicious management of expenditure  so as to conserve scare fund .

 

C}  concentration of attention on the execution and completion of some selected project in the various sector ; thereby avoiding the used mistakes of preaching scarce resources thing over tow many project and achieving little or nothing .

 

1.1      OBJECTIVE   OF THE   STUDY 

The study aims at collecting quantities information on budgeting  control measures.   Data generation from such information  are essential for :

BANKING INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION AS AN AID TO EFFECTIVE BANKING MANAGEMENT

( A CASE STUDY OF UBA AGBANI ROAD, ENUGU)

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

ABSTRACT

 

The objective of this study was to explore the possible banking inspection as an aid to effective bank management with particular reference to UBA Plc Enugu.

To guide this research, the following eight research questions were formulated as thus

What are the control measures against the bad debt in the bank being achieved?

To what extent are the workers being assured of jobs?

What are the control measures against the bad debt in the bank being achieved?

To what extent are human and non-human resources adequate for efficient inspection in the bank?

To what extent has the bank provision against computer found being checked?

A structured questionnaire developed by the researcher was administered to a total of 102 male and female staff of UBA Plc, Enugu.

They were selected using the sample of 50 population.  Hence the data collected and analyses using percentages.

The major findings among other are:

1. Those males are majority in UBA Plc, Enugu.
2. Greater majority of the staff have served for 6 to 10 years and more.
3. Majority are WASC/GCE holders.
4. Greater majority of the staff are married.
5. Resources are not adequate except few resources items.
6. Computer fraud has not been experienced in UBA Plc, Enugu.
7. Interference and job/position insecurity of inspector’s effects objectivity report and recommendation.
8. Also non-implementation of provisions reports effect inspector’s functions.
9. Bad debt occurred in UBA always based on the findings. The major recommendations were as follows:

 

In service training should be given to staff an regular basis to get abreast with demands of the time.

Use delegation as a supervisory strategy to be in professional touch despite physical remoteness in all sectors of the banks.

Seminars, staff meeting, individual conference, demonstration service, provision of office bulletin and make people closer.

Promotion of good working relationship by cultivating desirable temperament.

Leadership functions such as coordinating, researching and servicing should be taken serious as a lore development in the bank.

Staff safety and welfare must be assured for continuity.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction

• Background of the study
• Statement of the problem
• The objectives or purpose of the study
• Scope or delimitation of the study
• Research questions
• Significance / rationale of the study

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Review of literature

Summary of related reviewed literature

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Methodology

• Research design
• Area of study
• Population of the study
• Sample and sampling procedure
• Instrument for data collection
• Validation of the research instrument
• Reliability of the research instrument
• Method of administration of the research instrument
• Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Data presentation and results

Summary of results/findings

CHAPTE FIVE

5.0     Discussion, implication, recommendations

• Discussion of results
• Conclusion
• Implication of the result
• Recommendations
• Suggestions for further research
• Limitation of the study

REFERENCE

APPENDIX

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The banking act of 1969 defined banking business as the business of receiving monies from outside resources as deposits, irrespective of the payment of interest and the granting of money loans and cheques, or the purchase and sales of securities for accounts of others or the incurring of the obligation to acquire claims in respect of loans prior to their maturity or the assumption of guarantees and other warranties for others.

In Nigeria, the banking business is being operated by the central bank of Nigeria CBN which acts as the apex bank commercial banks, merchant banks and of course the people’s and community bank established by various decrees promulgated by the federal military government.

Commercial banking actuates started in Nigeria in 1892 when the African Banking Corporation commenced its bank work in Lagos.

One of the basic roles of the central bank of Nigeria is the supervision and control of other banks.

The CBN’s objective and goals of banking inspection and examination are:

1. To develop a sound banking system
2. To protect depositors and creditors of the bank.
3. To provide adequate banking services in all part of the country.
4. To promote rapid economic development throughout the country.

 

The bank examination department of CBN was created by Sec. 20 of the banking act of (1969).

The powers of the banking act include:

1. The appraisal of the management with special attention to competence and general effectiveness
2. Appraisal of the system of operation procedure and control.
3. Assessment of the adequate of capital structure in relation to the size of business.

 

At the management level of each bank (Commercial, Merchant etc) a system of inspection and control exists to ensure that these guideline are followed and also ensure that loans are not indiscriminating issues by manager.  The interest of the owners as well as the staff of such banks are also protected by this.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The problems are:

(a)      Lack of fraud prevention and determination in banking institution as a result of poor inspection and examination.

(b)      Ineffective banking management caused by essence of bank inspection and examination.

(c)      Non compliance by bank manager with CBN and other government regulations on granting loans.

(d)       Non

“STOCK EXCHANGE IN DEVELOPING ECONOMY” (ROLE AND SETBACKS)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

Stock Exchange market are established to make profit, through of shares, bonds, debentures and assessment of these provisions are against the background of this paper that these provisions are not adequate for the promotion of stock exchange in Nigeria.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION 1

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY                       1

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 2
• OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 3
• SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 4
• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 5
• DEFINITION OF TERMS 5

CHAPTER TWO

• RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STOCK

EXCHANGE IN OPERATION                              12

• MEMBERSHIP OF STOCK EXCHANGE 14
• ROLES OF THE STOCK EXCHANGE 17
• PROBLEMS OF STOCK EXCHANGE 19
• IMPORTANCE OF STOCK EXCHANGE 21

CHAPTER THREE

• SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATION

3.1     CONCLUSION                                                      23

• RECOMMENDATION 25

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                    27

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

Before I start, I will like to plan the term stock exchange. Stock exchange is a market which facilities buying and selling of share, stock, bonds, debentures and other securities. It is essentially a secondary market for buying and selling of already existing securities.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nigerian stock exchange started as Lagos stock exchange, which was established by the Lagos stock exchange act of 1961. it was registered on 15^th  September 1960 and began its operation on 5^th June 1961.

Its’ establishment was a follow up to the report of committee appointed to advise them an ways and means of fostering a share market in Nigeria. This committee was set up in 1958 under professor R.H Barback by the federal government to consider ways and means of promoting a stock exchange market in Nigeria at its inceptions. The Lagos stock exchange was heavily subsided by the federal government institutions. It was transformed into the Nigerian stock exchange in 1977. the Nigerian stock exchange has branches in Kaduna, Port – Harcourt, Ibadan and Onitsha.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Like most development market, the problem facing the capital market in Nigeria are as follows:

 

INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF SECURITIES.

Perhaps the most serious problem facing the capital Market is inadequate supply of securities. Most companies, especially the indigenous ones area still reluctant to raise fund. This now result not supplying enough securities to the maintaining of the public.

 

IGNORANCE: the level of public awareness as to the benefits derivable from the operations of the capital market is very low due to ignorance among the members of the capital market.

INFRASTRUCTURE:  transactions after take weeks or months before they are finished. Therefor

IMPROVING CUSTOMER SERVICES IN NIGERIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

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ABSTRACT

A person(s) is regarded as a customer of a bank, if him/her has account with the bank or a person become a customer with money or cheque and asks to have an account opened in  his/her name and account in person (s) name.

So when we talk about improving customer services in Nigerian commercial banks, we mean all those devices or techniques use by commercial banks to improve customers services in their banks.

Furthermore, this project work has three chapters. Chapter one contains a general discussion of customer services as seen by different people. It state the problem and why this study was carried out and finally the proposition and the definition of terms.

Chapter two, unfold how we can improve customer services in commercial banks. This is done through reviewing what other people have written in relation to the project topic.

Chapter three falls about the summary, the conclusion and recommendation in relation to the above topic.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                            1

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                      2

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 6
• DEFINITION OF TERMS 6

CHAPTER TWO

• REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

2.1     BANK AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP         10

• DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF COMMERCIAL

BANKS TO THEIR CUSTOMERS                       12

• IMPEDIMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURAL

LIMITATIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANK

• WAYS AND BENEFIT OF GOOD QUALITY SERVICES

TO CUSTOMERS                                                15

• THE BANK AND ITS ENVIRONMENT 16
• CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA (CBN) CONTROL OF COMMERCIAL BANK 17
• OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH ADVANCEMENT

AND SELF ACTUALIZATION                             18

CHAPTER THREE

• SUMMARY 20

3.1     CONCLUSION                                                      20

RECOMMENDATION                                           22

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to find the techniques that is applied in improving customers services in Nigerian commercial banks. Commercial banks in Nigeria are looked upon as those banks in Nigeria that accepts deposits and used cheques for in the drawls, example of such are; Afribank limited, African Continental banks (ACB) etc.

Almost invariable, anybody who has anything to do sees himself as a bank customer at least as much as he is within the banking premises. Commercial prudence also dictate that the banks affords its best attention to all and sundry, what ever the type of relationship they may seem to be having into the bank. But the question now is who then amongst these people are customers, and if some are not customers that are they?

In great western railway company limited V. London and country banking company limited (1901). It was held that a person who has been cashing cheques from the over may years was not a customer of the bank by his mere cashing of cheques. There must be more then a mere cashing of cheques to make one a customer. It simply means that anyone who is not having account with the bank, cannot be regarded as a bank customer.

Furthermore, in Landbrokes and company V. Todd (1914) where it was held that, “there must be a time when someone began to be a customer. A person becomes a customer of a bank when he goes to the bank with money or cheque and asks to have an account opened in his name and the bank accepts the money and it is prepared to open an account in the name of the person”.

 

1.1     STATEMENET OF PROBLEM

Banking is in the services industry. The quality of services rendered by our banks have been attracting criticisms from people in all works of life. The government functionaries, business men, the media and the general public are all very critical of banking services. The complaints range from those of cheques or making withdrawals, tardiness in granting loans and or credits, to unfriendly attitude of bank workers. Even,