IMPACT ON PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANK IN NIGERIA OF INTEREST RATE DEREGULATION A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

This researcher work is a survey of an analysis of the effect of interest rate deregulation on the profitability of commercial banks. The research to work tried to find out among other objectives, the impact of deregulation of  interest rate policy on the profitability of commercial bank. In carrying out the research, the regression and correlation method were use to analyze statistically to tools. The result obtained indicated from the hypothesis tested that the null hypothesis was rejected.

However, it was discovered from the findings of the research that deregulation has contributed relatively in the development of the economy thus.

It has engendered competition among bank and other institutions for deposits as well s some non  – traditional activities. Saving mobilization has also been encouraged by demand and supply which determined inter4est rate.

It has also induced the bank to source for idle funds, which are sent to deficit area to encourage loans and advances .

Sanity has been encouraged in some banks as they are now beat on judicious use of  their available funds and hence allocated it  to the most profitable ventures.

The study also reveal that there was also increased in the economy by deregulating interest rate, it become incumbent on the side of the researcher to make the following recommendation. That the changes in the rediscount rate at any given period should be  between the range of 15% and 25% depending on the monetary policy pursued or intended to be pursued.

That written the framework of the current market economy in relation to interest rate, there should  be a sufficient institutional control or regulatory legislation to ensure that the very vital sector of the economy that ordinarily would not survive the economic regime of deregulation are adequately created for.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction 1

1.1    Background of the study                                 7

• Statement of the problem 9
• Objective of the study 10
• Researcher Questions 11
• Formulation of hypothesis 12
• Significance of the study 13
• Scope and Limitation of the study          14
• Definition of terms                                         16

CHAPTER  TWO

REVIEW OF  RELATED LITERATURE 

• Definition of Interest rates 19
• Structure of interest rates 22
• Different Approaches to interest rate determination 31
• Relationship Between profit and interest rate 35
• Reasons and method of regulation 38
• Effects of Regulations on Banks 45
• Concept of deregulation 50
• Reasons for Deregulation 52
• Implications of deregulation case Against Deregulation 54

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

• Research Design 64
• Sources of Date 65
• Primary Source of Date 65
• Secondary Sources of Date 67
• Location of Date 68
• Area of Study 68
• Population 69
• Sample size determination and Sampling Technique69
• Instruments of Data Collection 71
• Data Collection 72
• Data Treatment 72

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• Test of Hypothesis 75

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY , RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

• Summary of Findings 105
• Recommendations 107
• Conclusion 108

Bibliography                                                           114

Appendices

Application to Respondents sample of Questionnaire 117

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

         Before, 1987, the interest rate management policy was one of the control function by the Central Bank o Nigeria (CBN) which fixed the minimum saving rates and maximum lending rates for financial institutions. This was the are of administering interest rate regime. Following he introduction of a market based interest rate policy in 1987 by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bank were allowed to according market conditions through negotiations with been customers. Ever since then, there has been significant impact of such deregulation policy on the Nigerian economy especially on the profitability of commercial banks.

In directing bank to pay interest on current account deposits by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is in the context o the deregulation framework. This is implied by the negotiation between the banks and their customers on the interest rate payable on deposits for special purpose held for more than seven days. To further ensure that customers are not exploited, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has further directed that the reducing balance method should be applied in calculating charges on loans, payable in agreed installments.

Following the introduction of a market based interest rate policy in 1987 by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) banks were allowed to determine their deposit and landing rates according to market conditions through negotiation with their customers. However, the minimum rediscount rate (MRR) continued to be fixed by the Central Bank in line with changes in overall economic conditions. For instance, the MRR which was fixed at 15 percent in August 1987 was reduced to 12.75 percent in December 1987 with the objective of stimulating investment and in the economy following the need to moderate monetary policy. In 1989, the MRR was raised to 13.25 percent in furtherance of the flexible interest rate policy; the CBN introduced securities (Treasury bills and certificates) in 1989. Under the system, authorize dealers submitted competitive bids through which the issue rate emerged. The lack of responsiveness of the structure of deposit and lending rates to market fundamentals, particularly the decline in inflation in 1990 compelled the authorities in 1991 to fix a minimum spread of 4 percentage points between the cost of funds of commercial and merchant banks and their maximum lending rates. The  banks were therefore, directed to observe a minimum lending rate of 21 percent and a minimum deposit rate of 13.5 percent. The banking measure claming that it was against the deregulatory posture of the government while the reported rates changed were within the guidelines. There was sufficient evidence that actual rates were higher. As if   were the benefits of the policy were largely8 marginal. Hence, the ceilings on interest rates were removed in January 1992.

This policy was retained in 1993 in the course of the year interest rates were met only distorted and volatile but also rose to unprecedented levels. The behaviour of interest rates was traceable to a number of factors, which include the following.

1. The high rate of domestic inflation arising from the huge fiscal deficit of the federal government which was financed mainly by the Central Bank of Nigeria.

1. The undue discretion which the deregulation of interest rates conferred on key market arbitraging activities of market speculation.

• Technical insolvency and serious cash flow problems on the part of same weak banks resulting in distress borrowing.

1. The use of stabilization securities and the system of allocation of foreign exchange both of which induced the sterilization of large funds at the CBN.

The prevailing high interest rates in 1993 discouraged investment in the directly productive sectors of the economy while volatile inter bank

CREDIT MANAGEMENT AND BANK LENDING

(A CASE STUDY OF HALLMARK BANK LTD IN NIGERIAN)

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

ABSTRACT

 

Commercial bank are profit-making venture and as such they share with other business the same set of expectation concerning the health of the economy.

It is in the light of this that they make loans available to borrowers on interest, which is a source of profit to them. Along side the growth of the credit sector is the growth of the bad debt among other to poor credit management.

The hallmark bank limited like most other bank has recorded a high inadence of bad debt and has one of the years declared loss in 1994. The bank purpose is to find out the cause of the bad debt and suggest the possible solution to the bank poor credit management.

In order to archive the objective, the writer set out some hypothesis which were tested with the following; statistical techniques, sample percentage, chi-square, (Yates’s correction method) and candells coefficient of concordance . The information requirements for this research were generated from the secondary data and primary source through the use of questionnaire.

The hallmark bank limited, which is essentially a private bank, has been confronted by a lot of problem, which is responsible for his poor credit management as revealed by the writer’s analysis. It is shown that the bank has inadequate credit assessment and control mechanism. The analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between the level of loan granted by the bank and the profit made. The bank granted considerable amount of unsecured loans, which pared way for high level of default, which characterized it. Giving this problem that are face by the bank, the writer made some recommendation amongst others

1. That the bank be changed to a public liability company
2. The bank should adopt a planning strategy to forecast and predict their business and behavioral element, which causes bad debt.
3. Men of integrity should be offered job in the bank
4. The board of directors should reduce to minimum, there interference I the process of loan administration.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0     Introduction

• Statement of problem
• Purpose of study
• Research questions
• Hypotheses
• Limitation of study
• Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1   Literature review

2.2   Introduction

2.3   historical background of commercial banking in Nigeria, operations/          banking lending

• History of commercial banks in Nigeria
• The history of lending /concept of lending.
• Lending principles and practice.
• Constraint to commercial bank lending.
• The economic importance of credit
• Management of lending.
• Bad debt and credit management.
• Credit management.
• The confrontational measures.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER THREE:

Methodology:

• Area of coverage.
• Sample plan.
• Data analysis techniques
• Limitation of the study.

 

CHAPTER FOUR:

4.1     Data presentation, analysis and interpretation.

4.2          Introduction.

• Analysis of data.
• Testing of hypothesis

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE:

5.1 Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations

 

Bibliography

Appendix: questionnaire.

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Financial are procedure for preparing according to and reporting reliable information concerning transaction.

Financial resource in any economy should be adequately be mobilized, taking into consideration the crucial role of finance in the economic development.

Nwankwo (1993:p.2) stated that finance resourced have been considered a very important factor in the economy development.

Consequently, the mobilization of resource has been defining a criteria in the achievement of rapid econ0mic growth in any economy. The first step for resources mobilization for the development purpose if the mobilization of financial resources, which will lead to the capital formation. Capital formation required the release for domestic goods and service for real investment or the import of resources form outside or both.

Ojo and Adewumi (1989:P.10) . They emphasized the role of financial resources and pointing out that the finical institution offers an efficient institutional mechanism through which resource can be mobilized and directed to less essential use for more productive alternatives. The writer contention here is that the efficiency of any financial system particularly in a developing economy like Nigeria depends on the extent of which the financial information role is effectively and efficiently discharge with reference to the economic good of the country and the objective of the institution itself.

According to Racheal 91984:p.478) , the primary function of the commercial bank is the extension of credit to worthy borrowers . it has been noted that commercial bank is the most important institution n the mobilization of funds.

That further more Khat Khate and Racheal (1984:p.516) , while enacting the importance of resource mobilization stated that commercial bank are the most relevant institution in the developing countries to encourage and mobilize savings and also to charnel such saving into a productive investment . First because of their network of office , second because commercial bank through normal credit operation often activate savings which are lying idle elsewhere and third because the bank are highly liquid and thus attract savers.

Oji (1984: P9), projected at Nigerian case opined that, the commercial banking system be used as a representative since it constitute the largest single component of about 85% of all the institutional savings in the system. Mayor (1982:P 13) further stressed that there are two main reasons why the commercial banking system is the most important financial intermediary.

Firstly the total amount of deposit in the commercial banking system has the capacity to create deposit demand resulting from lending activities.

Since demand deposit constitutes a large sum of the money supplied, the banking system is able to expand the nation supply of money. The consent that commercial bank need liquid asset especially the short term asset that an be converted into cash loan accordant to him constitute the largest amount of asset

Good bank lending ensure high profit level, ensure greater return and have underscore of meeting the social responsibility to he benefit of the society while in the other way bank lending can affect the bank negatively in various way fir instance, it might take a great chance of their annual profit which the bank need to stay in business with . This and the indiscriminate extension of loan although within the credit guideline without proper supervision of such loan and account have led to an increasing tend in the existence of bad dept.

The bank has failed in the implementation of various checks against bad debt and has tended to forget every loan committed the moment the contract has been concluded. The author contention here is that the cause of bad debt is due to improper supervision and management of loan granted. Thus study is been carried with the Hallmark bank limited as the case of study

 

1.2 THE BRIEF REVIEW OF THE BANK

Hallmark limited was incorporated on the 29^th of October 1990 and was granted license to operate as a commercial bank on the second of January 1991. The bank opened for business on the 2^nd of April 1991 with and authorized and fully paid up capital of # 50 million (fifty million) . The equity based was latter increased to # 100 million and by March 1995 it has reached 200 Mill

COST ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

 

This research work was necessitated by the need to highlight, the cost accounting and control problems inherent in the agricultural sector and Nigeria economy with particular reference is the production and animal fees and concentrates.  This is with view of efficiency and the achievement of organization goals.

The stuffy was done to ascertain whether enough cost accounting information is being generated for managerial purposes by Livestock Feed Plc.  To identify the cost accounting techniques adopted by the company, investigate whether line management are deeply involved in setting standards frequently reviewed to meet the requirement of current situations.  On the basis of the above, related literature was viewed to ascertain other writers view concerning cost accounting and control as it related to production of goods.

Against this background, invaluable and reliable discoveries were made.  It was found out that the cost accounting techniques of standard costing is adopted by the company and there is absence of attainable standards line managers and specialists (such as accountants, engineers etc) are not deeply involved in setting standard cost of production.

Also, standards are not reviewed in semi-annually to accommodate current circumstances just as favourable variances is not indicated.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     The Background

• Objectives of the problem
• Scope of the study and Limitation
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO:

• Literature Review

2.1     Meaning and Purpose of Cost Accounting

• Relevant Cost Accounting Information System and Control
• Element of Cost
• The concept of Cost Control
• Cost Accounting Techniques for Cost Control Human Problem of Responsibility Accounting and its Implication on Organization Success.

 

CHAPTER THREE:

• Summary of findings

3.1     Discussion of findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendations

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION:

The importance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria economy is generally well known.  The most public policy makers especially since independence in 1960, has expected the sector to satisfy the bulk, if not all, the food requirement of the country supply.  Most of the agricultural raw material needed by the manufacturing sector, provide adequate employment and income to the farmers and investors as well as earn substantial foreign exchange for the country.

Olieh (1984) shared the same view, before independence said “Agricultural products formed the major component of the country’s export.  The livestock subsector is supposed to provide high quality rich in protein products.

Ukpong (1993) conclude that the livestock sub-sector in Nigeria has been depressed for many years and its output declined by about 18.2 and 4.4% in 1982 and 1983.  There is high cost of finished feeds, low value of naira needed or import of raw material and equipment, also government neglect and abandonment of the sector has led the nation to economic stagnation.  The cost control will be used as a case study, since it has a great role to play in the production of animal feeds and concentrates in Nigeria.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY:

Livestock Feeds Plc was incorporated in 1953.  The company’s principle activity is the manufacture and marketing of animal feeds and concentrates.

In other words, the company is basically engaged in poultry farm business, production of finished feeds for birds.

 

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The cost accounting and control problems inherent in the production of finished fees of livestock feeds Plc.  These objectives will enable the sector to return to the part of growth and profitability.

To know whether enough cost accounting information is generated

INFLATION IN NIGERIA, CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND CONTROL

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.3     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.4     OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

1.5     LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

1.6     DEFINITION OF THE TERM

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     AN OVERVIEW OF THE TYPES. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OR EFFECT OF INFLATION

2.2     DEFINITION OF INFLATION

2.3     TYPES/CAUSES OF INFLATION

2.4     INFLATION PROSPECT AND ANTI INFLATION POLICIES

2.5     PERVASIVENESS OF INFLATION

2.6     EFFECT OF INFLATION

2.7     METHOD OF COLLECTION AND SOURCES OF DATA

2.8     AREAS OF STUDY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

3.1     SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

3.2     RECOMMENDATIONS

3.3     CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          Inflation is neither new in the economic of Negara nor the work at large.

Variations in magnitude or rates have been observed to be in existence.

In Nigeria, the rate of inflation was about 10% between 1969 and 1970. prices rose by about 14% (fourteen percent) (i.e. immediately after the civil war), then fell to 30% in 1872, and rose again by about 16% in 1974 and reached a rate of about 34% increase in 1975  inflation was the greatest task to government’s policy makers in the 1970’s history.

In the work, between 1799 – 1801, prices rose by more than 50%.  Also between 1937 – 1941 (i.e. during second world war), the price level was recorded to be almost double what it was before.

Then between May 1542 and mid 1551, the world recorded an inflationary rate of 16% per annum, 23% during war with France and almost 30% during the first war in 1914 – 1918.  Thus is about the highest rate attained in the world history.

It is now clear that inflation persist both in the developed and developing countries, with difference in magnitude or rated.  The rates in developing countries making companion with present situation, as the above noted rates were attained during the eighteen century and the early part of nineteenth century (1799 – 1807), and the early mid parts of the twentieth century (1939 – 1951).

In the case of Nigeria, the highest rate were attained in the late twentieth century (1969 – 1975).

We all  know that inflation simply refers to a continuous or latermitent rise in price.

According to web stars seventh new collegiate dictionary, inflation is defined as an “increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuity rise in the general price level.  This definition pull out the fact that inflation cannot occur unless there is under increase in the volume of money and credit which brings about continued rise in  general  price level of goods and services, which is not being matched by the proportionate quantity of goods and services in the economy.

Inflation became rampant in Nigeria after the Nigerian civil war, though it might have been in existence bough before then.

Immediately after the Nigeria civil war, prices took an upward turn from their previous levels.  This was due mainly on the shortage of goods and services caused by the disruption of productive factors by the civil war.

Further, another important caused factor is the review of salaries and wages.  This reviews stated with Adebo Award of 1970, which was followed by the Udoji and Williams awards o 1974, and also 45% increase in salaries implemented by Gen. Babangida in 1991 and also the most recent one that is the new minimum wage by Gen. A. Abubakar and president Obasenjo in1999 and 2000 respectively.  All these revises intensities the inflationary pressure.

Also, the high prices of imported goods arising from increase in foreign price and instability of international exchange rate.  Surcharge from port congestion, strange facilities, marketing arrangement plus the distribution net work, the impact of second tier foreign exchange market and the removal of oil subsidy are all inflationary factors in the Nigeria economy.

The most current inflationary element in Nigerian economy today is the removal of oil subsidy.  Such the removal, there has been an increase in the price of oil which had led to price increment of most items, as an increase in transportation fare is a living example now.

It is worthy to note at this juncture that all these issue accrued accelerated increase in the aggregate demand not being matched by appropriate expansion in domestic output and the input of goods and services.

Additionally, if inflation were to affect every one in exactly the same way and degree, it would have not importance whatsoever, its social significance arises from the fact that it always does affect the people differently.  Its effect on Mr. A. Differs from its effect on Mr. B. depending on personality, income and family background corporation, also their inactions, while in the local places on in the city are of relevance of the study.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The inflationary period is a time of high prices of goods and

services.  This lowers the quantity and type of products (goods and services) purchased by individuals and corporation at any point in time.  The problem posed in that individuals and corporations and others in the society are unable to purchase types (quality) and quantity of desired goods and services during inflationary.

Dur

THE USEFULNESS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT IN ASSUASIVE THE PERFORMANCE COMPANIES AND IN GUIDING INVESTMENT DECISIONS

 

(A CASE STUDY OF SUNRISE FLOUR MILL LTD ENUGU)

 

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ABSTRACT

 

          The use of financial statement in any business organisation cannot be over emphasized financial statements are needed by variety of people for different purposes .  for instance, the government needs the financial books of a company for taxation purposes, the investors want to know how profitable a company is and also the management of a company will like to know the level of their performance: all these cannot be known without the analysis of financial statements of the company or companies involved.

 

The research work therefore, studies the usefulness of financial statements in assessing the performance of companies and in guiding investment decisions, in order to provide investors, management, government and others what the company is worth.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.1     Statement of problem

• objectives of study
• significance of study
• research questions
• scope and limitations
• formation of hypothesis
• definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of related literature

2.1     Introduction

• Basic concepts
• Further assumptions and principles
• Benefits of financial statement

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research design and methodology

3.1     Source of data

• Questionnaire
• Interview method
• Sample design
• Method of investigation
• Statistical method for data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Presentation

4.1     Interpretation of data

• Testing of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary, findings, conclusion

5.1     Recommendation

• Bibliography
• Appendix – Questionnaire

 

LIST OF TABLE

1. Trading account
2. cost of goods sold
3. statement of changes in financial position of companies
4. Profit and loss appropriation account schedule profit and loss account for the year suded 31^st Dec 1995 and 1996.
5. analysis of result
6. analysis of questionnaire respondents
7. analysis of respondent department
8. pie chart distribution of respondent department
9. analysis of responses
10. analysis of responses
11. analysis of responses
12. analysis of responses
13. test of hypothesis
14. test of hypothesis 11
15. test of hypothesis 111
16. Balance sheet as at 31^st December, 199 and 1996.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

          A financial statement is defined by accounting standard committee (ASC) as a balance sheet, profit and loss accounts, and statement of source and application of unds, notes and other statements, which collectively are intended to give a true and fair view of the financial position and profit or loss.  Several companies incorporate fixed assets valuations into their balance sheets, in which case the depreciation charge in profit and loss is based on revalued amount.  Some companies draw up their financial statements on a current cost basis, but this is rare compared with the use of historical cost or modified historical cost.

 

A financial statement is part of a company’s annual report, the purpose of which is to communicate information about the company to those who have the right to receive it for instance, the shareholders, in addition to investors, potential investors and other users of financial statements.

 

It provides an indication of company’s trading performance and gives a snapshot of aspects of its financial position at a particular date.  At a minimum, a financial statement consist is of accounting policy, balance sheet, profit and loss portraying organizations and income and expenditure for non-trading organizations, notes to the account, directors report, sources and application of fund and value added statement.  The analysis of financial statement or an account is therefore the interpretation, amplification and translation of facts and financial statements, the purpose is to draw relevant conclusions, therefore, making of inferences as to business operations, financial positions and future prospects.

 

The procedure involves.

1. analysis of data contained in the financial statement into certain basic component parts. For instance, in carrying out a profit analysis, the net sales is a very important figure and other data in the account like cost of goods sold, gross profit and cost of production are compared with this cove of the income statements.  Similarly, in balance sheet analysis, the cove components are net assets which are usually compared with ones capital, loan stock and working capital.
2. Translation of those data into cheer and simple form. The translation process may lead to extraction of ratios or percentages that establish relationships between comparable data or even the presentation of graphs and charts.
3. Drawing relevant conclusions and making inferences concerning the company’s financial position, stability, profitability and solvency.
4. Presentation of information do obtained to management for decision making. The information is used in the forward process for future controls and policies.  The application of this information will involve the isolation of the factors responsible for the state of affairs which are reveled by the analysis.

 

The analysis could be horizontal or vertical internal or external horizontal analysis is a comparison of data in financial statements of two or more consecutive accounting periods to detect whether performance has improved or not.  Example, the profit of 1994 of a company could be compared with that of 1995, 1996 with 1997 and after which a trend may arise from the analysis.  This analysis is internal as it concerns financial data of one company alone.  A vertical analysis as external s it concerns financial data of one company and another.  That is, external when a comparative study of data between one company’s financial statement and that of another over a given time.

 

It is wholly external and involves a comparative analysis of data in financial statements with in a single period.

By reference to a common unit, data in the financial statements can be compared with one another to determine efficiency of current performance for the purpose of the analysis, certain figures in the accounts are expressed as a percentage of another relevant figure.  In carrying out an analysis of accounts, a number of issues must be considered and conclusions formed therefore.

 

These include.

1. profitability of the business operations, particularly in relation to capital employed
2. solvency of the company: the ability of the business to pay its creditors, the adequacy of its working capital and the liquidity of its current assets viewed side by side with the current liabilities.
3. The business trends: the analysis of the pattern of business over time to determine whether profit is rising or failing, and the implication for futon performance.
4. The financial stability of the company: paying particular attention to company’s financial position, the limits of its borrowing powers, and available resources to financial expansion and volume of earnings.
5. The gearing and assessment of adequacy of profits to meet interest payments, individual payments to shareholders and to provide sufficient safety to shareholders investment.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This research work intends to look into the extent to which investors to carryout, and rely on the results of financial statements analysis before making their investment

 

 

 

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