THE INFLUENCE OF JOB INCENTIVES IN ORGANIZATIONS OPERATION

(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC NINTH MILE, ENUGU STATE

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. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTERODUCTION

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Hypothesis

Significant of study

Difinition of terms

Free market

Factory system

Development of factory system

Mass production

Moden development

Factory inspection

Working conditional in factory

Employment

Wages

Determining influences

General level

Theories of wages

 

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature

Motivation

The theory of motivation

Implication of management development

Variable influencing employee behavior

Analysis of incentive

Factor affecting determination of wages and incentive job evaluation method

Method of job evaluation

Types of incentive scheme

Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE

Research and deign methodology

Source of data

Location of data

Study of population and sample  size formulation of hypotheses

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Characteristics of respondent sex

Distribution of data analysis presentation production department

Test of hypothesis  and proof

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDING  CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of finding

Conclusion

Recommendations

Appendix  questionnaire

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

There has been an eminent question on the part of most writer of industrial organization to study and find solution to some problem on the productivity of workers, how it can be measured and what factors influence the workers performance in the organization operation.

However in this study it is a discussion on how incentives influence an organization operation. This leading to greater productivity as a result of workers performance labour, is  know  to be one of the major factors of production and dry production process will be incomplete without labour as a major determinant  and  this are human beings whose services are purpose which include production of good and services.

A good organization operation will be determined by its productivity level which is the amount of good and services produced by certain number of labour forces and the resource available at the organization disposal; this is generally accepted fact that without compensation in return (incentive) labour will be unfunction incentive is the payment or benefit made  to or received by a worker either week monthly periodically or quterly as suitable to  organization in exchange for work and services reddened in the process of production.

Incentive comprises of salaries overtime payment job security provision of amenities etc  which shall all be discuss later in other chapter. The has been persistent controversy over the importance of these incentives to works.

Economic and many industrial executive are prone to stress the importance of incentives  in determining the worker job satisfaction and preference level which leads to high productivity and good organization operation.

During  the part two decades, the question for better ways of motivating people at work has caused some researchers to concentrate on the physiological factors that stimulate workers rather than developing the incentives of financial rewards. The choice between financial reward s. the choice between financial incentives and physiological incentives has been the subject of contrivers . Both sides of those arguments are discussed in later chapter of the work.

However, there has not been any comprehensive sheme to satisfy al situations and motivations of works varies with the type of work and even with the particular Job but any form of motivation will  not have the same appeal for individual workers to mere employment of working Job incentives can now be seen a very important factor in encouraging and enhancing workers performance and efficient organizations operation through not without putting the following  into consideration.

1. Satisfaction of workers which is suitable ways and salaries for children, better medical facilities transportation facilities, moderate working hours and a peaceful and cornfortable reticent, just to mention all but a few- To increase their commitment to work and enhance their performance
2. Provision of adequate quantity of goods and service on which people can spend their money, whatever the level of ways paid to workers, Unless there is a steady and abundant supply of essential commodities there can be no end to demand for ways increase.
3. The existence of labour relation of workers union whose prime responsibility is to maximize both economic and social well being of its members will go a long way in increasing workers productivity through provision of some incentives.

 

 

 

• BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The history of ways and salaries in Nigeria is traceable to the colonial period when effort were made to review workers salaries, but emphasis will be laid on the past colonial and independence era in this study.

In 1971, Adebo salaries and wages review commission was set up to emphasis on the importance of productivity estimate for income

THE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF TAX REVENUE IN ENUGU STATE. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE ENUGU

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research study deals on the “the management and utilization of tax revenue in Enugu State (a case study of Enugu State Board of Internal Revenue Enugu).

To start with, the statement of the problem, purpose of the study, research questions and hypotheses were formulated in chapter one based on the objective of this research work.

The research methodology provides an account for the research design, which serves as a guide for data collection. It identifies the basis for generating new ideas, information and technology.

The target population being business organization that are taxable operating within Enugu State.

The source of data were also defined, which are primary and secondary data that were collected in the course of the study.

After the research analysis, among the major conclusion are:

• Government should educate the public on the important of paying their tax as at and when due and also on the danger of tax evasion and avoidance.
• From all indication, it is apparent that greed is the cause of embezzlement of tax revenue so government should device a means of dealing with these greed officials.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

         Chapter One:

• Introduction

1.1     Background of the Study

• Statement of the Problem
• The purpose of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Research Questions
• Research Hypothesis
• Scope of the Study
• Limitation of the Study
• Definitions of Terms

 

Chapter Two:

• Review of Related Literature

2.1     History of Taxation

• Types of Taxes
• Tax Administration in Enugu State
• Tax Collection Machinery in Enugu State
• Problems of Tax Collectors in Enugu State
• Procedures for Nigeria Income Tax Assessment
• Tax as Element of Public Sacrifice

 

Chapter Three:

• Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Sources of Data

• Primary Data
• Secondary Data

• Sample Used
• Methods of Investigation

 

Chapter Four:

• Analysis of Data

4.1     Analysis Interpretation and Presentation of Data Table

• Test of Hypothesis

 

Chapter Five:

• Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation

5.1     Summary of Findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix: Questionnaire

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION:

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Man, no matter his religion or creed, had always lived communally. In every society, there has been one form of levy or the other imposed on the people from time to time to generate enough resources to improve their well being.

Fundamentally, however, it is of course a compulsory levy (tax) on income since the decision to pay tax is not that of the taxpayer. No rational human being would subject his earnings to tax. People pay tax because the law so stipulates. Also, it is the same fact that make people to look for ways and means bring down their taxable income and consequently their taxes from time to time.

The problem of capital formation in the underdeveloped economies as it relates to public finance, breaks down into three main parts. The first concerns the financing of social overhead investment, which must be undertaken directly by the government. The second deals with an intermediate zone in the actual investment projects are on private hands but the funds are made available through government finance. The third deals with the necessary incentives to private investment both domestic and foreign as they are influenced by taxation and other fiscal.

In the above three categories, government effect is directed towards maximizing savings, mobilizing them for productive investment and directing them so as to serve the purpose of a balanced development program. Taxation is this, a system of moving resources between the different segments of the economy. Whenever tax matters are in discourse, it pre-supposes the existence of government, which is higher authority that controls the actions of the rest of people by imposing taxes on them. To this end, tax is a universal liability and one cannot avoid payment of tax just by avoiding the use of any amenity built with tax money. It is essential therefore for one to understand that some amenities have exclusionary factors. Once cannot say, for instance, that he does not want to benefit from National defence and security. Hence, tax is levied universally to provide such facilities. This is unlike health services, electricity or water supply, which have exclusionary factors. One can always avoid paying water or electricity bills just by abstaining from their consumption.

Furthermore, it is impossible to amounts of benefits derived by a National defence as against that derived by B. in order to ensure equity, therefore, A and B should pay the same amount as tax. The generally determinant of the amount payable by each will not be their personal income. Lawal (1982) said it should be realized that most countries today, the government has become the greatest spender of money. Taxation has not only influenced the economy of the country, it has also become one important instrument of economic policy. This an increase in government spending (tax money) rightly involves a corresponding decrease in individual spending.

The Enugu State Board of Internal Revenue is the department charged with the responsibility of tax collections. This board itself is an annex of the state ministry of finance and Economic Development and utilization of tax revenue. The board of Internal Revenue has powers to assess and subsequent collect taxes from persons, institutions and organizations which Enugu State which is with the exception of limited companies, members of the armed force the police force etc which are within the Federal Government exclusive list.

In less developing economy like Nigeria, the government is finding it increasingly difficult to marched the necessary resources in the right point in time. In underdeveloped economies, tax resources account for about 10 to 15 percent of national income while it goes up 30 to 40 percent in advanced countries. It is thus, common knowledge that the less developed country is, low ratio of tax payments to national income. Hence, the following conditions must exist to ensure efficiency in income taxes.

• Existence of money economy.
• High standard of literary among taxpayers.
• Proper accounting record of tax proceeds.
• Voluntary compliance by taxpayers.
• Political stability.

Honest administration of tax revenu

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

1.2     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.3     SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.5     STATEMETN OF PROBLEM

1.6     DEFINITION

 

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATION REVIEW
• ACCOUNTING CONCEPT CONVENTIONS
• ACCOUNTING INFORMATION VIA USERS
• ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIA
• BUYING AND SELLING PROCEDURES AND MAJOR ACCOUNTING DOCUMENT

 

CHAPTER THREE

• SUMMARY UP
• RECOMMENDATION
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

 

          INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Booking keeping is business in a methodical manner that

information on any point relating to their may be quickly obtained.  The method of proceeding is based upon deprecate principle, which are discussed and illustrated.  The kind of information which a trader may desire to have and which is readily available is summarized below.

THE TRADER MAY DISCORE: –

The value up his purchases

The value up his sales

His expenses

The amount of cash in the office or bank etc.

The ultimate position of the business is to make a profit, by providing goods services or employment.  As every transaction plays it part in determine the final profit or loss for a trading period, accuracy in recording is important.

Accounting is defined as a discipline concerned with the recording, analysis, and forecasting of income and wealth of business and other entitle.  Generally is record in money to terms the flow of economic transactions between or within economic entities.

A clear distinction between accounting and book-keeping is not easy to make because book-keeping is in fact a part of accounting.

Accounting figures are not use unloose they are made to tell useful stories to the business owner.

 

BRIEF HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIA

Nigeria is a former British Colony.  Among the influence of Britain of Nigeria is modern commercial accounting.  It will be erroneous to attribute the advert of the Europeans.

For as has been said earlier, in as much as there was flourishing commerce among the various segments considerable measure of trans-share an Trans Atlantic trade, there must have been some of accounting before that time.

Indeed, the virgin of accounting in Nigeria must be assumed to be akin to its origin all over the world.

It arose with the earlier form of commercial transaction, trade by barter.

With the magnetization the tradition at economic through the introduction of various units of exchange cowries, beds, manila etc.  The method of accounting evolved further and become more refined.  Which method is as yet, unrestricted (to the best knowledge of the author).  This normal evolution of an accounting system.  Whether through indigenous invention or through across – the border importation via routine influences, suffered a violent dislocation and upheaval, like every other things as a result of the impact of colonization.

The British Master established trading outposts all over Nigeria, with time.  They equally introduced coinage currency. In these trading outposts, especially the charted trading companies modern book-keeping techniques were used.  Those trading concerns grew is size and complexity and in order to maintain the necessary political and social orders for trade and development.

They began to exercise governmental control.  They set up schools where they taught, among others, numerous subjects some of the products of these schools were employed as charts and book-keeper where they were taught book-keeping on the job.

As British laws extended to the country and as local laws were fashioned along the line of British companies operating locally found themselves subject to the some regulations of accounting practices and procedures as prevailed in British foreign accounting and audit forms soon established locally.

British trained accountants come to work in the country and set up the internal revenue department accounting systems soon were extended through the colonial office in loaded.  For quite a while, all the trained accounting personnel in the country were British.

But with time, local personnel were employed in the lower cedars of the civil service and the Nigeria railways.

The first indigenous professional accountant, Mr. Akintola Williams qualified in England and Wales.  By 1990 a few more Nigeria had qualified in British and some back to Nigeria and they formed the Association of Accountants in Nigeria (A.A.N).

The aims of the Association of account in Nigeria were to institute better training arrangement for accountants in Nigeria, promote accountancy as a profession and see to the welfare of its members.  The initial membership of the association was fourteen.

the association receives the parliamentary charter in 1965 when the Institute of Charter Accountant of Nigeria (ICAN) act was passed as act No.15 of 1965.  The act empowers the association to regulate the practice of the profession in the country, form time to time set and modify standards for the practices of profession and also to discipline.  The act makes it an office for anyone who is not a member of the institute to engage in public practice of accountancy in Nigeria.

Although the Nigeria Institute has the necessary power to regulate the practice of the profession.  It for a long time merely adopted these standards developed by the British accounting standards , committee and the Institute of Chartered Accounting in England and Wales,.  On September 9, 1982, however, the institute established the Nigeria accounting standard based (NASB) to issue statement of accounting standard (SAI).

 

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The ai

IDEL CASH HOLDING AND ITS EFFECTS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMY

(A CASE STUDY OF ONITSHA BUSINESS COMMUNITY)

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

ABSTRACT

This research comprises adequately the  roduset money in this developing process. In chapter one is the introductory aspect of idle cash holding, the mainly of idle cash holding and how it is applied in human endive  avow. The practice of hoarding money will reduce the ability of the banking system to creator  deposit with the consequence that bank create small amount of deposit which is usually not enough to satisfy the demand of economy.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction 9

1.1     Objective of the Study                                                                           10

• Significance of the Study 10
• Scope of the Study 11
• Limitation of the Study 11
• Definition of Terms 12

 

CHAPTER TWO

• The role of money in the development process 15

2.1     Demand for money                                                                                17

• Motives for demanding money 17
• Recapitulation 18
• Functions of Bank 19
• Money creations as an antedate for economic development 21
• What limit the amount of money banks can create 21
• Supply of money 23
• Velocity of circulation 23
• The concept of idle money 24
• The demand for idle money as a determinant of idle money 24
• Reasons that influences a fail in demand for idle cash 25
• The effect of hoarding in the economy           25

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Summary of findings, Conclusion and Recommendation 26

3.1     Findings                                                                                                26

• Conclusion 29
• Recommendation 30

Bibliography                                                                                          31

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

MATTER:  A large amount of money is held in excuses of moral need. Cash but in this form is regarded  as idle because it does not produce any income and it is not being used by the productively sector of the economy. In most developing economies  like Nigeria, a earnable amount of money is held idle by the business commodities,   individuals , household to the detriment of general economic growth of this country. The practice of hoarding money with reduces the ability of the banking system to create deposited with the consequence that bank create small amount of deposit which is usually not enough to satisfy the demand of economy the banks inability to honour wholly, loans requests and need of the economy  (at favourable cost) as a result of idle cash holding attests the economy adversely.

An increase in money supply to the economy will generally lower interest rate which inturn will head to an increase in business investment. When the rate of the hoard is too high as is the case with Nigeria, it will have a negative impart on the economy as such money is completely lost to the economy.

1.1     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. Finding out his cost of holding money in form of cash relative to demand deposit, to the holder in particular and this economy in general.

 

BUDGET IN HIGHER INSTITUTION OF LEARNING IN NIGERIA

“A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC OKOH”

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
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ABSTRACT

 

The main aim of this research work is focused on “Budgeting in Higher Institution of Learning in Nigeria “Federal Polytechnic, Okoh.

The project set out to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of budgeting system in order to evaluate the past, present and future performance and trends in Federal polytechnic, Okoh’s system.

In this project work, 50 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the staff at the institution.  There were 100% responses as records in chapter four.

Data were analyses using tables and percentage.

Finding were as follows:-

1. Confusion as to the purpose of budget
2. Lack of definite goals spelt out in budge
3. Use of technical jargons
4. Appropriate method to be used in high institutions
5. There is no control on performance.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Purpose of the study
• Research questions
• Need for the study
• Significance of the study
• Scope of the study

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature Review
• Definition of Budgeting
• Evolution of the budgeting system in higher institutions
• Budgeting control in Federal polytechnic, Okoh
• Types of Budgetary system adopted in polytechnic, Okoh.
• Formular Budgeting system

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Design
• Area of study
• Population of the study
• Sample and sampling
• Instrument for Data collection
• Validation of Instrument
• Reliability of Instrument
• Method of Data collection

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation, analysis and interpretation
• Findings

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1     Discussion of Results

5.2     Implication of the research findings

5.3     Recommendations

5.4     Suggestions for further research

5.5     Limitation to the study

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaires

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

          INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The practice of budgeting is as old as modern civilization and is central to effective management of learning resources.  Most peoples, organisation, Institutions and companies will at one time or the other plan ahead, I terms of there activities and their available resources. This is done as a statement prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time, of the policy to be pursued during that period for the purpose of attaining a given objective.  It serves as a quantitative expression of a plan of action and an aid to co-ordination and implementation.

As well as being a plan, a budget also act as a control against which actual performance can be evaluate.  In order to make its decisions wisely, the management of federal polytechnic, Okoh and other higher institutions in Nigeria must have a vision about its future, and budge enhance that.  Budget provides a rational and objective basis for allocation of scare resources in that institution. With so may competing needs of the management, the school and students, with regard to her learn resources, the discipline of budgeting compels school management to be discreet in allocating limited resources to meet unlimited expenditure possibilities. This does not suggest the absence of sentimentality and irrationality but at least these are minimized.

The aim of this project is “Budgeting in Higher Institutions of learning particularly Federal Polytechnic, Okoh”.  It will cover areas as expected grants, internally generated revenue as well as expected expenditure.

Discussion will also be made as to the importance of Budgeting to Federal Polyphonic, Okoh including other higher Institutions of learning.

In the course of the study, the system adopted by federal polytechnic, Okoh will also be discussed and suitable system recommended for use.

Finally, an analysis will be made to see whether budgeting is necessary ion Federal Polytechnic, Okoh and other higher institutions of learning in Nigeria.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It has become an annual ritual for the bursar of Federal polytechnic, Okoh and other higher institutions in Nigeria to send out circulars generally known as budget call circulars requesting heads of departments and units to submit an estimate of there requirements for a particular year.  Such call letters are received in various department with mixed feelings, yet the exercise continues on a yearly basis. Some heads of department feel that such call letters are not important because they are essentially the same every year.

Other