IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF LEARNABLE FUNDS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

(A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADE BANK (TB) AND INLAND BANK OF NIGERIA (IBN)

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of the problem
• Objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research question
• Hypothesis
• Scope and limitations

 

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• Commercial Banking in Nigeria: Origin and development
  • History of Trade Bank Plc
  • History of Inland Bank
• Commercial banks and economic development
• Banking credit facilities and the Nigerian Economy
  • The bank loans and advances
• Overdrafts
• Short term loans
• Medium term loans
  • Commercial Bank lending criteria
    • Basic Principles of lending
      • Safety of advance
      • Suitability of advances
      • Profitability of advances
    • Factor that influence commercial bank lending policies
      • Capital position of banks
      • The risk and profitability of various types of loan and advances
      • Suitability of deposits
      • The position of the Economy
      • Monetary and Fiscal policies
    • The commercial bank lending policies

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Source of data
• Study area
• Sample (Specimen Banks)
• Analytical techniques.

 

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• Test of Hypotheis one
• Test of hypothesis one
• Test of hypothesis one
• Test of hypothesis one

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDING, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

• Causes of loan default in Commercial bank lending
  • Bank customers.
• Lack of strict adherence to the principles of good lending
• Poor credit analysis
• Lack of supervision and control of loan account
• Dishonest Bank officials
• Unqualified and conservative managers and lending officers.
• Lending on political grounds.
  • Government policies
    • The Banks
    • The customers
    • The economy
  • Benefit of impending the management up loanable funds in commercial bank lending.
  • • Adhere strictly to the principles of good lending
    • Valuation of security, the bank staff
    • Business advisory unit (credit agency)
    • Supervision and control of loan account
    • Training of the managing and lending officers.
    • Loan syndication
    • Ensure realistic integrity of the credit departments.
    • Rescheduling of loan
    • Privatize commercial banks with substantial government interest.
  • Conclusion

Bibliography

Questionnaire

ABSTRACT

This study centered on improving the management of loanable funds in commercial banks. The study was comparative in nature, using Trade Bank of Nigeria (TBN) and Inland Bank of Nigeria (IBN).

 

These two banks were chosen because of their accessibility, high rate of mobilization of deposits and loan defaulting.

 

The major instrument used for data collection included oral interviews, bank records of daily operations, annual report and statement of accounts. Four hypothesis were formulated in line with the statement of the problems. The data obtained was organized and analyzed with the use of chi square test for goodness of fit, coefficient of correlation, percentage of loan chart and component bar chart were also used respectively where necessary.

 

The study finally revealed if the incidence of loan default was continuously on the increase/decrease and if such increase/decrease was more in government owned banks or in privately owned banks. It also saw if such increase/decrease was higher/lower in relation to deposit mobilization.

 

In order to find solution to the problem, it was suggested that banks should adhere strictly to the principles of good lending, improve on security valuation, ensure that men of high integrity are employed at the credit department and emphasize on prudent supervision and control of loan accounts. Other suggestions were purely focused on advisory and credit worthiness for effectiveness and proper management.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

banking institutions perform an enviable role of being an important source of capital for development. This emanates mainly from the role, which banking institutions play in mobilizing various deposits and deploying same towards feasible and viable money yielding ventures.

 

Banks through the provision of loans and advances, which are the lifeblood of the business community, occupy a very important position in the structure of the nations economy. The size, type and level of such profitable outlets, along with other complimentary factors contribute to the improvement of the economic well being  of the country in which these banks are located. As a result of this, banking institutions have been seen as agents of economic growth and perhaps economic development. These deposits which are loanable funds can only be made available to banks, if customers make substantial deposits, which may accrue from loans and advances. This enables the banks to run its day to day administration cost remain in business and pay satisfactory dividend to its shareholders. Thus banks have a lending policy to establish the director and use of funds from shareholders deposits, to control the composition and size of loans portfolio and determine the general circumstances under which it is appropriate to make advances.

 

Such loans and advances, are put into productive use by borrower, which leads to increased productivity and profits. These borrowers as a result of the increased profits are able to pay back the principal as well as the interest on such loans and advances, while the bank in turn will extend such repayment as loan and advances to other potential borrowers.

These loans and advances are in a continuous circle.  Any default in repayment will lead to a day in the circle, and reduction in loanble funds, and will as well affect the economic growth of the economy”.

 

Thus bank’s play a very crucial role in the economic well being of the country through the extension of loans and advances. However, full utilization of such facilities is achieved through proper management of such loans and advances.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Lending is the backbone of banking activities, because it generally provides the larger part of banker’s profit. To ensure efficient allocation and utilization of the loanable funds, and hence foster economic development, the banking industry has to be efficient in the loan administration.

 

In this period of scarce financial resources, the economy will only be on the growth path with proper deployment of its loanable funds.

 

However, the banking industry in Nigeria is saddled with the problem of loan default. This arise from the inability of the borrowers to amortize the loans when they are due, thus constituting serious leakage in the loanable funds and this makes it

INTERNAL AUDIT CONTROL IN GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENT

(A CASE STUDY FO PROJECT DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (PRODA), ENUGU).

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

There is no doubt that anything that is not controlled is either wasted or mismanaged and on this premise, the importance of internal audit in controlling operations both in the public and private sector organizations cannot be overemphasized.

Generally, Internal Audit Control in Government establishments is very weak and in particular, Internal Audit Control in project Development Institute (PRODA) Enugu is no exception.  As the main aim managerial control, internal audit ensures conformity to laid down rules and regulations.

The topic “Internal Audit Control in Government Establishment”, A case study of PRODA Enugu highlights some problems and areas of the study.

Findings of the study were analyzed using percentage analysis and presented in table using the formula.

Some of the findings includes:

1. Management rarely uses internal audit report or recommendations;
2. The internal audit department is poorly staffed;
3. The internal audit reports to the chief directors;
4. The relationship between the internal audit it and other department s is not very encouraging.

Based on these findings, the researcher made some

recommendations some of which are:

1. Letting all the other department staffers know that the role of internal audit is that correction of mistakes where any is made and not that of catching a thief.
2. Staff the internal audit department properly with staff from accounts and personnel, and
3. The internal auditor should be allowed some reasonable decree of independence to enable him function effectively.

Having made the above recommendations, arising out of the

findings, the research concludes that for the successful attainment of organization goals the internal audit department should be given its far share in the scheme of things including, some reasonable measure of independence.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2     BRIEF HISTORY OF PRODA ENUGU

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.3     OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTION

1.5     DELIMITAITON/LIMITAITON OF THE STUDY

1.6     DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AUDITING

2.2     PURPOSE OF AUDITING

2.3     SELECTION OF AUDITORS

2.4     INTERNAL AUDITORS IMPORTANCE

2.5     ROLE OF AUDITING IN COMPANIES

2.6     PLANNING FOR AN AUDIT

2.7     EVALUATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM

2.8     RELIANCE ON OTHER AUDITORS

2.9     PREPARATION OF THE AUDIT REPORT

REFERENCE

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1     METHODOLOGY

3.2     POPULATION

3.3     SAMPLE

3.4     INSTRUMENT

3.5     VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT

3.6     COLLECTION OF DATA

3.7     QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

3.8     METHOD OF ANALYSIS

3.9     RECOMMENDATION

3.10   CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

This research work is an attempt to study an internal audit

control as a tool for improving company’s performance using project development institute (PRODA), Enugu as the case study.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Auditing standards and guidelines (AS89) define internal

audit control as “the whole systems of control both financial and otherwise established by management in order to carry on the business of the enterprise in an orderly  and efficient manner ensure adherence to management policies and secures as far as possible the accuracy and reliability of its records.

As we have been witnessing in recent times, there has been drastic changes in business trends in Nigeria.  Some of the reasons for these anomalies in company performance resulted in the general company down turns, some of the seasons include fraud, misappropriation of funds and property, excess expenditure incompatible with real budgets, lack of accountability and general company crises.

It is also believed that fraud and misappropriation of funds and property have been the main causes of company’s poor performance in Nigeria.

Improvement will only follow, when there is a recognition of what is wrong and how it can be put right.

In view of this fact, attempt will be made to highlight the importance of control in auditing and its effect in improving company’s performance.

 

• BRIEF HISTORY OF PRODA ENUGU

The project development institute (PRODA) an industrial

research and development agency (PRODA) by the East Central State Administration of Mr. Ukpabi Asika.  In 1976 with the creation of Anambra and Imo States, it was taken over by the Federal Government and renamed project Development Institute while retaining the acronym (PRODA).

The work of research institutes is very essential for all countries especially developing ones.  Research and development products are packages for entrepreneurs and investors, thereby creating new jobs another production opportunities.  In order to achieve its opportunities any research establishment must operate from a very conductive environment.  When the mandate of PRODA was spelt out in 1976, the institute was directed to produce a master plan of the required infrastructure needs to create this conducive environment.

The vision of the Federal Government was to set up a National Technology Development Institution of the type famous Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST).  The vision is that at PRODA Nigeria Scientist, Engineers, Technologies and Technicians form Nigeria Institutions of Higher Learning and Overseas, will pursue National Development project in a conducive project in a conducive productive atmosphere.

The statutory mandate of PRODA includes: Research and Development of Machinery and equipment particularly as they pertain to the use of steel, other metals, ceramic and glass for industrial and consumer gadgetry, including their engineering design and fabrications of proto types.  In particular, the institute conducts research and development into:

1. Adaptation of technologies, indigenous and imported
2. Applied mechanical and electrical engineering products
3. Materials and processes for metallurgy and foundry works
4. Applied mechanical engineering research and development
5. Research in industrial tribology and corrosions
6. Micro-electronics including chips technology, soft and hardware studies.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The purpose of this study is for the researcher to find out the

efforts made by government institutions especially PRODA, Enugu towards ensuring compliance with set out policies, guidelines and procedures as laid down by Auditing Standards and Guidelines and the financial regulations.  It also sets out to ascertain compliance with objective setting up the company and whether PRODA Enugu is a victim of gross abuse, mismanagem

IMPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING AS INTERNAL CONTROL MECHANISM IN THE GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                 1

1.1     Background of the study                                                   1

1.2     Statement of the study                                                       4

1.3.    Purpose of the study                                                          5

1.4.    Significance of the study                                                   6

1.5     Scope of the study                                                             7

1.6     Definition of terms                                                            8

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature                                                          10

2.1     Principles of financial internal control system                    13

2.2     Sources of data                                                                  18

CHAPTER THREE

Summary of findings, recommendation                                       19

and conclusion

3.1     Summary of findings                                                         19

3.2     Summary of recommendation                                            20

3.3     Conclusion                                                                        21

Bibliography                                                                                                   23

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

One problem of management is planning but planning is useless if it is not implemented. The success of any plan is based on adequate control and monitoring of the achieve the requirement objectives.

However, this is a research on the implication of accounting as an internal control mechanism in Enugu State Ministries.

Accounting is defined as the art of recording and giving result of business transaction to the client. It is a medium of communication, pricing and transmitting and receiving information. Accounting therefore must have its origin to the time when man began to entrust the man agreement of his state to another usually his servant long time age.

However, accounting in the sense we know it today certainly has its origin between 14^th and 16^th century. As commerce developed the number that participated in enterprises increased more significantly.

Those who provide financial backing for venture would often not want to be involved in day to day management of the enterprises.

Those who were not directly involved needed summaries of the transaction so that they would understand the enterprises position without the need for them to go through the books in detail.

Early Greek and Roman accounts were kept on the charge and discharge principles centered on the need to keep tract of assets and exercise control over those entrusted with property.

The period 1948 witnessed a meritorious event in the development of accounting and auditing. The joint stock act of the year, which made possible the separation of management and ownership of joint stock companies, created a new dimension in the requirement for periodic financial statement as shareholder and other investment. With the advert of colonial rule in Africa, the European system of accounting was introduced in West African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia and so on.

The primary purpose of accounting is for stewardship. It should be largely correct them to say that the earliest form of accounting records revealed the preoccupation with internal control.

According to Osita Aguola (1998:36). An internal control is the whole system of controls, financial or otherwise established by management, in order to secure, as far as possible the accuracy and reliability of the records in the business in an orderly manner and safeguard the company’s asset, it’s objective being the prevention or early detection of fraud and error.

Accounting can be taken as the set of rules and method by which financial and economic data as collected processed and summarized into reports that can be used in making decision. Management accounting which is another accounting system is different from financial accounting which get it impetus form the industrial revolution. It is the application of accounting and statistical technique. For the specific purpose of providing and interpreting cost information designed to assist management in its function in promoting maximum efficiency. The most recent accounting method is social welfare or responsibility accounting and owes it’s birth to the social revolution which has been under way in the Western world in the last few years. It created social awareness that people started becoming interested in not just the amount of profit made but also on how the numerous social problems could be solved. Accounting records from the bedrock of management decision and continuity of the business concerned. The need for the establishment of internal control mechanism is necessarily to ensure the safety and ethnicity of accounting records from the points of collection of cash or material for final uses.

Internal control therefore means the whole system of controls financial and otherwise established by the management in order to carry on the efficient manner, ensure adherence to management policies, safeguard it’s assets and secure as far as possible the accuracy and reliability of it’s records.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Government accounting system has method of presenting and accounting for the fund of incomes and expenditure. Statements of revenue and expenditure account, which are used for asset, held by government system, officers do

MONETARY POLICY MEASURE AS INSTRUMENTS OF ECONOMIC STABILIZATION IN NIGERIA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

In general, monetary policy refers to the combination of measures designed to regulates the value, supply and cost of money in an economy in cognizance with the level of economic activity. An express supply of money which will result in an excess demand for goods and services will cause rising prices and or a deterioration of the balance of payments position.  On the other hand, inadequate supply of money could induce stagnation in the economy thereby referred growth and development.  Consequently, the central bank and the central monetary authority, must attempt to keep the money supply growing at an appropriate rate to ensure sustainable economic growth and to maintain internal and external stability.  The discretionary control of the money stock by the central monetary authority involves the expansion or construction of money influencing interest rates to make money cheaper or more expensive depending on the prevailing economic conditions and the channeling of money to priority sector.  In a nutshell, the aims of monetary policy are basically to control inflation, maintain a healthy balance of payments position for the country in-order to safeguard the external value of the  national currency and promote an adequate and sustainable level of economic growth and development.

This study therefore, delves into monetary policy measure with a view to elucidating their effectiveness as instruments of economic stabilization in Nigeria.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

• Statement of the problem
• Statements of objectives
• Research hypothesis
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation of the study
• Propositions
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature review

2.1     Definition of monetary policy

• Economic stabilization
• Monetary policy objectives and economic stabilization
• Analysis of key policy objectives/economic indications
• Techniques and instruments of monetary policy
• Debt management as integral part of monetary policy
• Placement of government deposits
• The transmission mechanism

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology

3.1     Research design

• Sources of data
• Data collection method
• Treatment and analysis of data
• Statement of null and alternatives hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Presentation, interpretation and analysis of data

4.1     Analysis based on objectives

• Hypothesis testing
• Discussion

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary of findings, recommendations and collusion

5.1     Summary of findings

• Recommendations
• Conclusion

Reference

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACGROUND OF THE STUDY

Generally monetary control measure include those devices that influence the overall supply, cost and availability of money and credit.  This is the responsibility of the monetary authority which comprises the central bank and the federal government in Nigeria, the central bank exercises primary responsibilities for initiating, articulating, implementing and appraising such policies.  The banks proposal are subject to ratification by the federal government.

Monetary policy measures are monetary management techniques put in place by the government through the central bank to control money stock that is supply of money in order to influence broad macro-economic objectives which include price stability high level of employment, sustainable economic growth and a balance of payment equilibrium. These broad objectives are achieved through the use of appropriate instruments, depending on which objective the policy formulated want to achieve and on the level of development of the economy.

In the application of monetary policy measures as instruments of stabilization of the economy, here these instruments are determined by the nature of the problems to be solved and by the environment in which these problems exist.  There are broadly two categories of hese instrument viz, quantitative or indirect controls and selective (qualitative or direct) controls.  Indirect instruments are usually used in market based economic where the quantity of money stock can be affected through the relationship between money supply and reserve money as well as the ability of the monetary authority to influence the creation of reserves.  The reserves  and hence, money supply can be affected through the following ways:

1. Change in reserves deposit ratio
2. Change in discount rate

• Interest rate change and

1. Engaging in open market operation (OMO)

In an under-developed financial environment, the instruments of monetary and credit targets at desired levels.  The major direct control measures is direct interest regulation.  Hence the regulatory authorities interpose explicit limitations on dealings between borrowers and creditors.

These instruments of monetary policy are applied in the achievement of various objectives However, all such objectives are in consonance with the broad objectives of the 1^st National Rolling plan (1990-1992) which are:

The consolidation of the achievement made so far in the implementation of the structural adjustment programme (SAP).  The plan is also to deal with pressing problems of inflation, unemployment, the sluggish performance of the productive sectors particularly manufacturing and the inadequate availability of foreign exchange with the aim of achieving of  non – oil export.  Other socio economic problems to be addressed by the plan include the high growth rate of population, threats to the environment and the menace of anti-social behaviour such as aimed robbery, and other junile delinquency.  These objectives viz, a highly level of employment, price stability, a sustainable level of economic growth and balance of payment equilibrium.

However, the effectiveness of monetary policy measures against which background of objective were formulated has raised serious doubts as o the continuous use of these policy measures. It is in the light of the above theoretical / background that the author wishes to carry out a study of monetary policy measures as instruments of economic stabilization.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Over the years, so many instruments of monetary policy have been in vague not to gear-up the level of investment, but unemployment, price level  instability, lack of sustainable economic growth, balance of payment disquilibrium, inability to mobilize domestic savings and unsatisfactory expansion of domestic output.  These have consistently and persistently done severe damage to the Nigerian economy unabated.

                    It is against this background that the problems of

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTANTS IN MANAGING AND LIQUIDATING DISTRESSED BANKS.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Accountant is a person who undergo a training in accounting system. He has to obtain a certificate as an evidence that he has concepts of accounting efficiently

A banker is any person carrying out the business of banking which includes accepting of deposits from customers, accepting and keeping others valuables from their customers etc.

Management can either be persons vested with the responsibility of directing the affairs of an organisation or an act of doing such. Liquidation is then that process and work which the appointed liquidation should do.

1.1     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

This research work studies the role of accountants in managing and liquidating distressed banks. More especially the objective of these study are:

To find out the roles which the accountant can play in managing and liquidating distress banks.

To find out the roles which the ways that