Category Archives: accounting project topics and material preview

best accounting project topics and materials website in Nigeria, what is accounting project topics and materials in nigeria

PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIAN

PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIAN

(A CASE STUDY OF NSUKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

FINANCIAL CONTROLS SYSTEM ENUGU STATE)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE:

1.1     Introduction

1.2     Statement of the problem

1.3     Objective of study

1.4     Significance of study

1.5     Statement of the hypothesis

1.6     Cope of the study

1.7     Cope of the study

1.8     Definitions of terms

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1     Review of the related literature

2.2     Review the term and the terminologies,

2.3     Local government accounting function and sources

  1. 4 Sources of revenue to the local government

2.5     Control of the local government fund

CHAPTER THREE

3.1     Research design and methodology

3.2     Source of data

3.3     Primary

3.4     Secondary data

3.5     Sample used

3.6     Method of investigation

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Data analysis and interpretation

4.2     Data presentation and analysis

4.3     Test of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Summary of the findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX / QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

One of the most researched and least understood variable public sector accounting is how the accountability and stewardship of financial control is conducted. Scholars have been speculating on how the funds generated are managed but now researchers have conducted systematic investigation of funds and leakages in local government revenue system.

Even with this, there is still an increasing difficulty and doubts in establishing the fact that the generated revenue is put to good use. There is also an evaluation of the source of revenue to the local government and the impact of the financial control system in the local government revenue system particularly, the revenue collection points where all derivable revenue are kept for safe custody.

The researcher designed a research instrument known as PSAFCSDP by acronym for public sector accounting financial control system descriptive questionnaire, which is made of hypothetic questions.

The instrument and interview questions were formulated and tested for validity before dispatching to the chosen sample populace. A stratified sampling technique was used for this study and sample is made up of both male and female staff of the local government area. The data collected were analysed and from the analysis there on, the researcher was able to reach the following funding and concluded that there is grant from federal and state to the local government area.

There is also a basket leakage in the collection of local government revenue. It was also conducted that the local government were not able to employ their resources in finding their projects due to political and selfish influence and more so inadequacies in fraud misappropriation and other leakages of public funds.

There is however, poor motivation of workers as a result of the God-father syndrome and swapping the laid down local government administration set up to an avenue of political judgment attitude for collection of revenue and work generally.

Based on these funding, the following recommendation are made. There is urgent and paramount need for the federal government to appoint an external auditor to audit the local government accounting system.

The day-to-day activities and the actions of the local government should be closely monitored and regulated by the federal government to ensure that there is sources accountability, stewardship and adequate financial control system.

Local government should adopt affection planning control measures and adhere to budgeting and budgetary control procedures instead of dividing itself with practical politics and bringing God father, son system in the local government system. IT is the strong belief of the researcher that his recommendation will go along way in establishing proper financial control and improves the performance of the local government system in Nigeria.

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

Public sector is that sector of the economy established and is operated by the government or agencies distinguishable form the private sector organized on the behalf of the whole citizen.

To public sector is device despite the privatization and commercialization of some government agencies and appraisals, the sector is still large. Almost all activity to be done in the public sector had to be done with political choice and the political choice play a tidal role in the resources allocation. It is government accounting. It is also define as compost activity of collection, analyzing, recording, summarizing and reporting the financial o the transaction for the government unit. The government either provided service on the natural scale or else redistribute fund, which are managed on semi – autonomous business. In Nigerian for instance, public sector accounting is based on the principle of fiscal federalism. This implies that the fiscal structure of the government is a reflection of its federal and political structure. The federal republic of Nigeria is made of three levels of government, which are the federal, state and local government being the third. All the three ties are guided by the constitution of the republic of Nigeria from which the government decide on who gets what and how allocation of resource to the three ties of the government are granted and those is executed through the process of budgeting unique. Things about public sector accounting is a threat legal instrument demand and delimits the form and the financial statement should take many time, they follow budgeting classification..

In the public sector, we have the federal government accounting, state and local government accounting respectively. The accountings in the federal and state level are the same in that both are made up of the same ministries, parastatals, emergencies and department. The 1976 local government reform and the 1988 implementation guideline on the application of civil service reform in local government service established a standard or uniform multi – purpose single ties government structure throughout the federation.. Consequently each local government accounting system is a replace of the other in term of personal position and function accounting system, financial flow, budgeting and budgetary control system, improved source of revenue and general administration. Significantly, a local government is allowed only six department, Vix personnel, work and housing, transcript, health, and social welfare, education, agriculture, and natural resources, financial and supplies., planning research and statistical department . Out of the size department, only the financial department, handed by the local government treasured is authorized to collect and keep all the revenue

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

One of the most thing n the researching and understood variables of the public sector accounting in the accountability of their financial control system. Scholars have been speculating on how the fund generated is managed. Only in the resent years have researcher conducted an investigation that yielded useful insight into the fund accountability.

The problems inherent are;

 

  1. Whether the source of revenue available it the local government authority is enough for them
  2. There is doubt that the revenue generated is put into good use
  3. This is misappropriation and leakage of revenue in the local government
  4. A time public doubt if the means of revenue to the local government are flexible or not
  5. An insight will giving into the impact for the financial control in local government development

There is a particular concern on how the public finance in

MARKETING OF BANKING SERVICES IN NIGERIA

MARKETING OF BANKING SERVICES IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF THE UNITED BANK FOR AFRICAN PLC (UBA)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRRACT

 

The banking sector in Nigeria is in a state of rapid change. The nature and rate of change is a function of local market competitive circumstance as well as willingness to change traditional behavior management of bank in Nigeria being tested by deregulation interest competition, New technology and the introduction of new products .

This project work is aimed at investigation the various ways bank (Commercial banks ) market their New production  which are ion form of service  using united bank of African Plc (UBA) as a case study and identifying the problems and prospect of marketing of banking services which will enable us to identify than short coming and then to the problem ranging from lack of modern marketing and techniques to inadequate inefficient staff usually encountered while carrying out their legitimate dynamic function of bank marking in the economy . this study is percentile as five chapters  viz.

Chapter one of this project contain the introduction of the research topic and other sub-items  like the background purpose, statement of the problem, scope and commutation of the study and so on

Chapter two has to do with the literature review where the origin of banking was walked into and other like history of united bank for Africa Plc (UBA).

Here, the concept of making and its impact in banking industry publics and suggested solution for marketing in banking service etc.

Chapter three focus on the methodology sources of data population  sample the condvadidity of the  data and method of data analysis

Chapter five contain . the summary of finding antiunion and recommendation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENCTS

CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction
  • Overview of study
  • Statement of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Purpose off the study
  • Research question
  • Hypothesis of the study
  • Scope and limitation of the study
  • Limitation of the study
  • Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

  • LITERTURE REVIEW
    • Origin of banking
    • History of bank service
    • Characteristic of bank service
    • The concepts of marketing and its immpact on banking industry
    • The objective of marketing in banking
    • Need for marketing in banks
    • Banks marketing activities
    • How best to marketing bank services
    • Problem and suggested solution for marketing in bank  services
    • New financial services of united bank for Afgrica polc UBA and their marketing strategies
    • Why the study is a novel

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • Introduction
    • Sources of data
    • Population and sample
    • Data collection instrument and produre
    • Limitation of validity of data
    • Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Data presentation and analysis
  • Testing of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary of finding conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Summary of finds

  • Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix I  questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

In Nigeria, successive government, both military and civilian has continuously demonstrated their interest and commitment in the financial sector by encouraging banks (commercial merchant and development) to expand their services and facilities not only in the urban areas, but also to the rural environment. This explains the rigorous with which  the rural banking and community banking schemes are being pursued. But the most  spectacular era of banking in Nigeria set in by 1986 when the structural instrument programme (SAP) was introduced and since then banking has never been the same.

Government become untimely involved in commercial banking in other to ensure maximum benefit of the economy. Modern Technology and modern information system has revolutimalized the way banking business   is done. Customer satisfaction has become the bench- mark for performance and  banking has become  increasingly international and sophisticated. (Dr S. Usmen 19998) banks in Nigeria are incorporating marketing in their provision of banks services. Marketing in New idea, but t is challenging about it is the application of its principles in the rendering of bank services.

Generally marketing is the set of individual  or corporate activities designed to direct the flow of need satisfying goods and services to target buy7ers this is done through the exchange process. Marketing starts when one social unit. These effort are made with the  intent to obtain transaction between competent social unit

The recent emphasis on the principle and the application marketing to banking has rather been forced on individual by increase competition and other environmental changes whose result so far has been sluggish due to perhaps cultural responses to charges and the fact that marking as we know to day has been developed from the approaches meanest for tangible product

Based on these development this project work is aimed at finding out the extent and quality of the service of Nigeria banks specifically commercial bank with particular reference to united bank for Africa Plc (UBA) and also to identify the problems and Perspex of marketing of bank services which will enable us to identity their short coming and them be in a position to offer objective solution to the problem techniques to indaquatecy/efficient staff usually encountered while carrying out their legitimate dynamic function of bank marketing in the economy with the overall objective of maximizing portability and customers satisfaction. Nwankwo G.O (1985)

 

1.1 OVERVIW OF THE STUDY

All research study has its own problems and this particular one is not an exception. The research study into marketing of banking service in Nigeria and some New horizons with  special reference to the united bank for Africa Plc (UBA) Branch being Lagos and Benin city is done with a view of examing and evaluating the services of this bank (UBA) in respect of their contribution towards the financial position of both large and small firms.

The united bank for Africa Plc (UBA) has its antecedent in the British and Frence bank Limited. The British and French bank itself metamorphosed from BNCI Paris, Basque national pourle commence et. Industries establish in

Management of public funds in industries

Management of public funds in industries

( A case study of life Breweries Limited Aba)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

For some time now, many developing third world countries especially Nigeria has been suffering a wide variety of problems raging from economic political, social, cultural, religious and a host of other problem to mention but a few. Nigerian government in attempt to solve these problems, have been investing some of the public at her disposal in industries to enhance quick economic growth of the country.

As a result of the current economic recession, many industries have liquidated and gone out of production while some others are yet making it. This research is aimed at finding out the problem of these industries that have survived and the steps being taken by the public fund manager to remain in the market.

Life Breweries Ltd. Onitsha viz-a-viz other industries in the public sector was discovered to be having problems like other of finance, raw material, spare parts, foreign exchange and also mismanagement of available funds by the financial managers of the company have been taking lots of steps to see to their existence in the productive sector applying their financial management skills effectively and efficiently.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2   STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.5   HYPOTHESIS

1.6   SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • REVIEW OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

1982  – 1989

  • INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA
  • LIFE INDUSTRY, A BIG BOOST TO

NIGERIAN’S ECONOMIC RECOVERY

  • FINANCIAL MANAGERS IN THE

MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FUNDS

  • INDUSTRIAL SOLVENCY IN A

DEVASTATED ECONOMY

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
  • SOURCES OF DATA
  • SAMPLE USED
  • METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
  • METHOD OF ANALYSIS

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

AND INTERPRETATION

  • TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
  • SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF NIGERIAN

 

CHAPTER FIVE

  • SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • CONCLUSION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the past financial management was concerned with the raising of funds whenever the need arises and much attention was not paid to the uses of the funds so raised.  But in recent times there had been a change.

The emphasis shifted from financing to the managerial financial problem from only raising of funds to efficient and effective use of funds.

As a result of this widening in scope of financial managers and others entrusted with the management have equally increased.  It is no longer the issue of providing funds but it’s provision in good time for the right length of time and it’s correct use or application.

In light of this, it is necessary to investigate how these financial mangers are achieving this having known that public funds are often times misconceived by some people as no body.  Funds and as a result should not be cared for.

The researchers choice of the industry for this study is mainly because of this believe that life bear posses the major feature, of any typical industry financed with the public funds in Nigeria.

These features include the acquisition of funds from investors over time it’s investment, the expectation of returns by the firms on investment over time and the periodical distribution of these return to the investors (share holders) in the form of dividend.  In view of these special feature, the researcher believes that it is a good representation of the public establishment in Nigeria and as such suits the purpose of this study.  A case study of Nigeria Life Breweries Aba, Abia State will therefore provide a birds eye views of the industries financial by the public fund in the country Nigeria.

 

1.2   STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM

In the light of the current economic problems of Nigeria. Visa-viz. the devastated economy, the financial mangers especially those concerned with the management of public funds invested in industries are faced with a lot of problems.  The issue of raising adequate funds as well as the application of the funds so raised is no longer an easy one.  These problems ranges from lack of spare parts, high cost of foreign exchange of which result in high cost of

THE AUDITOR AS AN INDISPENSABLE PART OF A PROFITABLE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

THE AUDITOR AS AN INDISPENSABLE PART OF A PROFITABLE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

This appears to the business organization that the auditors are the water dog of the company.  To have a profitable business organization, the shareholder should appoint the auditors to act as check and balances for the purpose of giving them a true and fair view of their company at any given time.  Also the auditors are expected to carry out a valid audit work to have effective in internal control.  To have a profitable business organization, the external auditor who is qualified and appointed by the company to audit the financial statement of the company and state opinion on the true and fair view account.   The auditor’s duties related to the achievement of profitable business organization by reliable account records and such records are considered reliable when they are prepared according to the accounting standard and the necessary details are provided etc.  Without the auditors there will be fraud in the management and this will result to unwarranted loss from the management.  Fraud is the main thing to be concerned with the growth and development of financial situations of a business organization.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

  • Statement of the problem
  • Objectives of the study
  • Significance of study
  • Scope and limitation of the study
  • Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • Literature Review

2.1     Definition of Auditing Standard

2.2     How Auditor duties related to the achievements of a profitable business organization

2.3     Relationship between auditing and accounting

2.4     Internal control

2.5     External control

  • Auditing procedures

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation
  • Discussion of findings
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendation

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

 

  • INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The auditor is regarded as the eyes and ears of the records of the organization in order to ensure that the financial statement are a reflection of the organization as appeared in these records since these records are a summary of the transactions for a specific period.  The auditor also goes behind these records to the source documents in order to confirm the accuracy, completeness and validity of the second transactions.

Summarily, therefore, the auditor, shareholder and director have a tripartite relationship in the company.  The shareholders are the owners of the company, the directors or management are employed by the shareholder to manage the business. In turn the shareholders appoint the auditors to act as check and balances for the purpose of giving them a true and fair view of their company at any given time.

The managers, fulfill their accountability to the shareholders and other interested parties by preparing financial statement. It may be in form of balance sheet, profits and loss account source and application of fund statement (VAS) and historical financial summary.

The duty of preparing the financial statement is placed on the directors while that of reporting is on the auditors who is responsible to the shareholders.  All these are aimed towards achieving profit in the business organization.

 

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

For the purpose of protecting the shareholders interest, investors and to make sure that there is no room for mismanagement and improprieties of funds, the auditors is appointed to act as eye and ear or watch dogs towards these activities.  The auditor is an accounting expert that is independence of the company’s management.

The problem now is, if the auditor is not responsible for not uncovering fraud act, such duties belong to the management and are only a subsidiary duty to him.  How does he give assurance to the various users of final accounts that the financial statement represent a true and fair view of the company.  If the auditor is not relevant in uncovering fraud, he is probably not relevant to the company at all.  Public expectation is that auditor should and must discover fraud.

 

  • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The objective of this study is therefore:

  • To examine the statutory principles of audit in relation to fraud.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATISATION AND COMMECIALISATION OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS IN NIGERIA.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATISATION AND COMMECIALISATION OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS IN NIGERIA.

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

CK GUARANTEE

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTACT

This topic, problems and prospect of privatization and commercialization of government parastatals in Nigeria is the attempt to help the general public to know about the privatization commercialization of government parastatals in Nigerian.  Moreover, to enable the public to contribute their own quota in the privatization issue and find out the problems and prospect associated with the porgammes.

The chapter one deals with the introduction, the historical background of the programmes, and statement of problems objectives of study, significant of study, scope and limitation and lastly defination of terms.

In this project writing the chapters one from chapter one to five which give the view of what privatization and commercialization of government parastatals are all about.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                 1

  • Background of study 5
  • Statement of problem 13
  • Objectives of the study 15
  • Research questions 15
  • Statement of Hypotheses (where appliable) 16
  • Scope of the study 17
  • Significance of the study 17

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of literature 19
    • The concept of privatization and commercialization 19
    • Reasons for privatization and commercialization 46
    • Types of privatization and commercialization 50
    • Objectives of privatization and

commercialization in Nigeria                                                       52

  • Functions of Technical common

on privatization and commercialization                                        54

  • Benefits of privatization and commercialization 55
  • Advantages of privatization and

commercialization in Nigeria                                                       59

  • Problems of privatization and commercialization 62

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research Methodology 67
    • Research Design 67
    • Source of data 67
    • Population for the study 69
    • Determination of sample size 70
    • Distribution scale 71
    • the technique of data analysis 72

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Data presentation and Analysis 73

4.1     testing hypothesis one                                                                  88

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary of findings, Recommendations and Conclusion 93
    • Summary of findings                                                                   93
    • Recommendation 96
    • Conclusions 99
    • Limitation of the study                                                                101

References                                                                                   103

Appendices                                                                        105

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

          The key component of the federal Government Adjustment programme is the drive towards higher efficiency in the public sector.  This necessitated the promulgation of privatization and commercialization Decree 25 in 1988 by the federal Government in which was reflected that government will divest it holdings in agricultural production, electrical appliances, hotels, foals and non strategic industries.  Government will also reduce its holdings in banks insurance companies and other financial enterprises without losing control.

Privatization is thus, process of diversiting government ownership control and management of enterprises and agencies to private individuals and or groups of individual or business firms that are seeking their profit.  This is transfer of government owned industries or parastatals to the private sector.

Hemmings aptly, described privatization as a laudable policy to help moderate the quantity of securities available for dealing on the stock exchange the described further as the transfer of ownership and control of assets from the public to private sector.

Commercialization on the other hand means that the signated enterprise will be excepted to generate enough revenue to cover their operation expenditure while government gives them capital grant to finance their capital intensive projects.

As a matter of feet, commercialization under the Decree 25 of 1988 on privatization and commercialization was defined as the re – organization of enterprises wholly or partly owned by the federal Military Government such that these enterprises shall operate as profit these making commercial ventures and without subvention from the federal Government.

The Government involving itself in business enterprises came as a result of predominance of state owned enterprises reflected a desire to control the economy after the colonial rule in the country.

The 1983 presidential commission on parastatals, examined the operating all the parastatals with  a view to determine the basis for new funding scheme appropriate capital structure as well as incentive measured to enhance their productivity and general efficiency.

Following the commissioning, the year 1989 was earmarked was earmarked, the first year of implementation of the privatization and commercialization programme of the federal government of Nigeria.

It was firs announced in 1986 as part of the board efforts to reduce budgetary allocation to public sector efficiency and support the aim of fiscal balance.  Divest holding will be taken care of to avoid it being conra-concentrated in the hand of few individuals.

In order to enable all interested citizen own shares in the private enterprises commercial banks were directed to grant credit facilities for the purchase of shares under the programme central bank of Nigeria programme 1989.

In the recent years, 2003 another step into privatization and commercialization has been taken by His excellency, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as this has been a dream in the mind of Nigeria government for the post years, to invest profile an denounced political, social and economic development on a sustained basis.  It is with this goals in minds, that it is realinging its policies and programmes to create the enabling environment for efficient government and put in place a viable private sectors.  These public sectors include:  NNPC, NITEL etc.

Consequently, there are reasons why government embarks on privatization and commercialization of parastatals such as:  government desires to bring optimum efficiency into the industrial sector of the economy.  This shows  that government can work effectively achieve its social and development goals by reducing the widespread administration over commitment of the public sector and development relying on the managerial capacities of private individuals and firms which can respond to local needs, particularly in small scale industries.

Privatization is imperative for ramping  over economy that has been characterized by typical problems of a state or country dominance over their economy which can be outlined as follows.

  1. Decline in real gross Domestic product.
  2. Deap seated corruption and political instability fueled by the concentration of wealth and power of the centre.
  3. Unfair shift of resources from the massiue public to the government causing widespread of poverty etc.

These problems which are connected in one – way or the other showed that a grant proportion of economic activity is controlled by inefficient government owned enterprises therefore accounting for the decline in GDP and slow rate of growth in the economy.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THRESHING  PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALISATION

          Government involvement in business enterprises in Nigeria and the predominance of state owned enterprises, reflected a desire to control the economy after wrestling political control from the colonialists enterprises and viable indigenous private sectors, the government had to move into the large empty spare left by society to take over the budding economy.

Government played a very important role in many areas of economic and industrial development.  Moreover, provision of services is such areas of business like, insurance, petroleum manufacturing, shipping and banking where government acquired equity interests in twelve commercial and merchant banks.  In all these, Nigeria had a rather bloated public sector with well over 1500 public enterpr