Category Archives: accounting project topics and material preview

best accounting project topics and materials website in Nigeria, what is accounting project topics and materials in nigeria

THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO COMPANY ENUGU)

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name:3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

Decision is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete action.  It is noted that Managers, do consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, they influences the ordinary employees in decision making.

The objective of the research is to know the impact of employees participation in decision making on organizational productivity in Nigerian public sector organizations.

Structural questionnaires were administered to 210 respondents which include the management (senior) and intermediate staff of the company, through the employees participating in the decision making will result to high productivity in the organization.

Data collected are analysed in a tabular form using a simple percentage of formular to get the findings.  The results were discussed in terms of the need for the employee to participate in the decision making in an organization to boost productivity.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

  • Introduction

1.1     Background of study

1.2     Statement of problems

1.3     Purpose of the study

1.4     Scope of the study

1.5     Research Hypothesis

1.6     Significance of the study

1.7     Limitation of the study

1.8     Definition of Terms

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of Related Literature

2.1     The Concept of participation

2.2     Factors that influence participation

2.3     Prerequisites for participation

2.4     Forms of Employees participation

2.5     Different needs for participation

2.6     View Expressed

2.7     Constraints to participate

2.8     Argument for participation

2.9     Argument against participation

References

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the study

3.3     Population of the study

3.4     Sample and Sampling procedure

3.5     Instrument for data collection

3.6     Validation of the instrument

3.7     Reliability of the instrument

 

 

  • Method of data collection
  • Method of data analysis

References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1     Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.2     Testing of Hypothesis

4.3     Summary of Results

References

 

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1     Discussion of Result/Findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Implications of Result/Findings

5.4     Recommendations

5.5     Suggestions for further research

Bibliography

Appendix

Appendix

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

  • BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

It should be known first that a decision is a choice whereby a person forms a conclusion about a situation Costello, I Wand Zalkind, S.S. (1963 p. 334), confined the term decision making, to a choice process, choosing one from among several possibilities.  However, election theory in Costello, T.W. et al (1963, p. 387) largely considers decision as asking the process of making a single choice among course of action at a particular point in time.  This depicts a course of behaviour about what must be done or vice versa.

 

Decision, however, is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete actions.  Planning engenders decision guided by company policy and objectives, policies, procedures and programmes.  The aim of decision making is to channel human behaviour towards a future goal.

 

Decision making is one of the most germane activities of management.  It has been the preoccupation of all the management of multifarious organization ranging from small-scale organization to multinational corporations.

 

Managers many at times consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, who will do it, when, where and most of the time how it will be done.

 

Traditionally, managers influence the ordinary employees and specifically, their immediate subordinate in the organization.  This has resulted in managers making natural decision even in area affecting their subordinates.

 

In Germany, around 1951, a law enacted which provides for code termination and requires labour membership in the supervisory board and executive committee of certain large corporations.  However, the participation of labour in decision making process results to relatively and peacefully labour management relations.

 

Additionally, the Japanese management WSES decision making by concensus in which lower – level employee initiate the reaches the desk of the top executive.  If the proposal is approved, it is returned to the initiator for implementation.

 

It is in this context, that the researcher wishes to assess the impact of employees participation in decision making on organisational productivity in Nigerian Public Sector organization, using Anammco Company as a case study.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

There has been a lot of controversy as to whether an employee should participate in managerial decision making or not.  Some writers argued that employees where it affects them or their jobs, it is expected that such participation will serve as training and testing ground for future members of upper management.

In Nigeria, experts that refuted the above assertion see the arrangement as a symptom of malorganisation

 

 

 

Continue reading THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

USER OF ACCOUNTING RATION BUSINESS DECISION

USER OF ACCOUNTING RATION BUSINESS DECISION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC).

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • Background of Study 1
  • Statement of Problems 4
  • Objectives of the Study                                         5
  • Research Questions 6
  • Significant of the Study 8
  • Formulation of Hypothesis 9
  • Scopes and limitation 10
  • Definition of terms 11

Reference                                                              13

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review                                                            14

2.1 Profile of Nigeria Breweries Plc                        16

2.2 Standard of comparism                                                  19

2.3 Ration as predication of Business

failure an empirical Approach                         25

2.4 classification of accounting rations                            26

2.5 Type of rations                                                                 28

2.6 Signification of ration                                          45

2.7 Limitations of accounting rations                               47

2.8 Inflation and Accounting rations                      50

2.9 Criteria for accounting rations                                     52

Reference                                                                           57

CHAPTER THREE

Research design and methodology                                     59

3.1    Sources of Data

  • Interview Questions (Collection

Instrument Method)                                           60

  • Determination of Sample Size 62
  • Method of Investigations 63
  • Statistical method used for data analysis 63

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation and Analysis                                64

4.1 An over – view                                                      64

4.2 Distribution of Response                                              65

4.3 Testing of Hypothesis                                          80

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation       89

5.1 Summary                                                                           89

5.2 Conclusion                                                              90

5.3 Recommendations                                                           92

Bibliography                                                                  96

Appendix

ABSTRACT

Accounting ratio is the most important factor used by management, creditors, investors and other users of financial statement in carrying ant most business decision. It uses an application in making business decision remain inevitable.

This study has, therefore been divided into five chapters, the first chapter briefly introduced the topic by looking at the definition of accounting ratio, it contains the statement of the problem, the objective of the study and the limitation of the study.;

The second chapter which contains the profile of Nigeria Breweries Plc. Deals with the review of related literature on the topic. Chapter three deals with the method of carrying out the research methodology. Chapter four appraises the analysis and interpretation of data collected from respondents.

 

Finally chapter five includes, summary recommendations and conclusion. Any errors either by emission or commission are entirely unintentional and deeply regretted.

CHAPTER ONE

  • BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Omuya:  defined “Accounting as a language of business.  It is used in the business world to describe the transaction entered into by all kinds of organization shows that Accounting centers on transforming raw data into information that would be used to many users.  It takes care of the financial communication of the entry as it supplies the financial information in a way and, form so desired by the users.

In a similar case, Millichamp (1992) defined “Accounting as the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transaction and events which are in part at least of a financial statements provide necessary information to users of financial statement.  These users include owners, (shareholders) managers, suppliers, customers, government employees etc.

The users of these statements are expected to read, interpret and analyze them objectives of financial statements are not accomplished when many users of the statement cannot understand them, let alone interpreting and analyzing them.

 

The information the users attempt to gain from financial statement are:

 

  1. The ability of the business to pay its way and survive in the long run.

 

  1. The quality of management and the rightness of decision made.

 

  1. Information that guide the future

 

Regrettably, the inability of users of these financial statements to comprehend, interpret and analyze them and still has always contributed to harmful business and investment decision, by the users of these statements.  As a result of these wrong business decisions, many users of these statements have been render poor, where as others are afraid and show indifference to investment and business opportunities.  Cases are abound where these financial statement users, individual and corporate, have lost millions of Naira merely because of wrong business decisions.

Admittedly, faulty business decisions do not only affect management and investor.  It is also affect the entire economic growth and development.  Indeed, these problems of wrong investments and business decisions therefore prompted this research work and topic.  Reason behind the topic is the discovery that many victims of wro9ng business decision are people and firms who do use analytical tool otherwise known as Ratio Analysis in their decision making process.

“Ratios are simply, mathematical expression of relationship of one figure to another which may come from the same statement or from different statement.”  (HMAN EDWARD 1968).  Accounting ratios, by their very nature, serve as indicator of the performance of a company both past and present.

According to Mill Champ (1992).  “Ratio analysis is used to assess performance and liquidity and to forecast the future is analytical technique use making business decision in the center of this research work.

 

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Currently, many users of financial statements are not yet equipped, analytically to make good business decisions, notwithstanding companies and workshops on the been made to enlighten and Educate financial statements users that their future business predictions are based on accounting ratios, which use historical data.

However, these efforts have not made any meaningful change because the number of wrong decision makers is on the increase sometimes this

THE PROBLEMS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

THE PROBLEMS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name:3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

  • THE INTRODUCTION

The main objectives of any business in the private sector is to make profit, but the uncertainty inherent in today’s economical environment threatens the survival of every business and makes sound liquidity and management, the local point for financial management rather than achievement of maximum profit.

  1. For sometime past, the convention revenue occurs and balance sheet have been considered sufficient for the effective control of a business. The deeper study and in creased financial lead to an ever growing and importance of working capital and it’s influence on the success or otherwise of business operations.

 

  1. Working capital management has been various defined but in a nutshell, it refers directly to planning, organizing, financing and controlling of resources available to the business in order to achieve set of objective or a definite goal.

L.R. Howard puts it this way; working capital may be regarded as the life hood of a business. Its effective provision can do much to ensure the success of a business while it’s in efficient management can lead not only to loss of profit but also to the ultimate downfall of want.  Otherwise might be considered as a promissory concern.

 

  1. It is certain that if skilled working capital management is not available in amount of finance provided will transform a financially weak company with mediocre performance into a strong and dynamic organization enjoying a scintillating reputation.

 

  • BUSINESS GUIDING OBJECTIVES

Every business has its objectives that guides its policy and in

their most basic form include survival, profitability and growth.  Growth objectives are the control philosophy of any successful management.  This may be expressed in a variety of ways. Sales, profit, market share, geographical coverage, product line but they are all contingent on a continues flow of funds affording management the means to implement decisions.

 

So, while the primary financial responsibility form an ownership view point may be to maximize value, the financial executive primary managerial responsibility is to present the continuity of the flow of funds, so that no essential decision of top management is frustrated for lack of corporate purchasing power.

 

  1. Considered in these terms the researcher wants to examine how working capital has been managed overtime in an organization.

 

  1. To examine if an organization has sufficient cash to maintain a smooth functioning organization that takes advantage of discounts similar savings.

 

  1. To examine I cash and inventory are excessive in an organization.

 

To investigate of an organization has adequate

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This project work “The Problems of Working Capital Management in the Private Sector” affords the reader a step by step approach to the study of the rast filed of private sector and the problems encounter in the management of these private sector.

 

The first chapter of this work provides relevant introductory materials and objectives guiding business within the region of private sector. The second chapter provides the central philosophy of a successful management, meaning of working capital management and the inefficient management of working capital. In this work, we shall come to know that profit is the sole aim of every business and must be targeted at any point in time.

 

This work will help most especially the private sectors to know how to go about maximizing profit. I remain grateful to director school of financial studies Onovo and also to all my well wishers.

 

 

 

Continue reading THE PROBLEMS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT (IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT)

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN SOCIETAL  DEVELOPMENT (IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   Introduction

1.1   Objective of Study

1.2   Significance of the study

  • Statement of Problem

1.4   Hypothesis

1.5   Scope and Limitation of the study

  • Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of Related Literature
    • Definitions of Accounting
    • Historical development of Accounting
    • Purpose of Accounting
    • Users of Accounting Information
    • Presentation of Accounting Information
    • Accountings Activities and Accounting Officers
    • Probity and Accountability – a Necessity for Societal Development
    • The Role of Accounting in Societal Development

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research Design and Methodology
  • Research Design
  • Area of Study
  • Types of Data used
  • Location of Data
  • Method of Data collection
  • Determination sample size, population size and sample fraction.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Data Presentation and Analysis

  • Presentation of Data
  • Method of Data Analysis and the Analysis itself
  • Tools for Data Analysis
  • Analysis of Data
  • Conversion of Data collected into figures
  • Test of Hypothesis
  • Statement of hypothesis one
  • Statement of Hypothesis two
  • Statement of Hypothesis three
  • Statement of Hypothesis four

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   Summary, Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation

  • Summary of the Findings
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendation

References

CHAPTER ONE
  • INTRODUCTION

This project is aimed at looking into the accounting         profession in details and examining its role in societal         development.

A study of the evolution of accounting suggests that accounting processes are reactive because they have developed primarily in response to business needs.  Also the development of accounting process has been related to economic progress and societal development of a country.

History shows that the higher the level of Civilization or development, this more elaborate and wider the accounting method becomes.

Since Picoli’s days to this present day, accounting has recorded a lot of tremendous changes and growth all over the universe. For instance during the first sixty years of the twentieth century, a major economic and societal force had thrown the accounting profession into new frontiers and responsibilities.  The factors contributing to this growth are the increase in the population of large corporate business in the affairs of business by way of taxation and business regulations, technological advancement especially in the area of computerization – which has rapidly changed the process of data procession.  These factors, to a great extent, have deeply contributed tot he development of the accounting profession over the years.

The role of computer in the accounting profession has facilitated the traditional functions such as payroll, cost accounting and general bookkeeping.

It is also being used for analytical purposes such as forecasting,    cost benefit, analysis, etc.

As professionals, accountants are expected to demonstrate a responsibility tot he public services above their commitment to personal economic gains.  Accountants recognize that the special esteem.  They enjoy obligates them to work for the improvement of society. Complimenting their obligation to society, accountants have analytical and evaluative skills needed in the solution of the over-growing problems of the universe.  The special abilities of accountants as well as their independence and ethical standards, permit them to make significant and unique contribution in such areas as protecting the public interest, preserving environment interest and controlling and improving public programmes.

In recent times, the work of accountants increased in scope.

The reward as added to the accounting profession include installation of accounting system, auditing and investigation management of social activities and host of others.

It is also of importance to note that the increase in the scope of accounting give rise to complex problems, which accountants must encounter.  This is why competent accountants are needed in the various areas (i.e. to ease the accounting problems facing the management of companies and the society in general).

Apart from providing accounting information, the accountant also gives his opinion on a wide range of representations such as sales statistics, lease agreement, etc. or the fact that, accounting is not only for the good of the individual accountants have to be conscious of the society’s benefit.  This is because social responsibility and service tot he public is the major objective of the accounting profession.

Thus, there is the need for the accountants to develop a social attitude towards their profession.  Recall that the accountant is duty bound to exercise his duties with reasonable care, skill and diligence.  He must offer his integrity and reputation to the public, which relies on his judgment and pinion.

 

 

 

  • OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

In view of the purpose of accounting and how it affects the society generally, this study is designed to achieve the following objectives.

  1. Identify the users of accounting information

Highlight the importance

COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR PROFIT PLANNING AND CONTROL

COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR PROFIT PLANNING AND CONTROL

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name:3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

“There have been some academic assertions to the effect that accountants and managers who are employed in the industry do not use most of the mathematical decision making tools, cost-volume-profit analysis inclusive”.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

“Some industries today are encountering problems raised by expansion through increased sales and the introduction of new products. Many on the other hand are facing problem of contraction due to the introduction of substitute materials, products. Whenever is the case, it is vitally important that management should be in a clear position to plan for these changing levels of activity”.

 

Apart from the problem of contraction and expansion, during the period of economic depression a business 0may be faced with the alternative or closing down or selling its products at a price below the total cost. Also profit   planning and control is made more difficult by the changes in the general pattern of demand 0for the types of products offered and the action of competitors.

 

In order to solve the problem created by the above situation profit planning, cost and decision making require an understanding of the characteristics of costs and their behaviour at different operating levels. One of the most important tools develop by accountants to assist management in meeting the challenges is the cost volume-profit-analysis (C.V.P) otherwise known as the behaviour analysis.

 

Cost-volume-profit analysis is a management tool that could be used in making vital decision when a firm is faced with problems having cost, volume profit implications. Problems within this area do abound 0and occur frequently that appropriate decision on them are near daily requirements. Some of them are profit planning, product planning, product pricing, selection of promotion mix, selection of distribution channels make-or-buy decision and 0add-or-drop decisions.

 

According to J.M Pandey “the analytical technique used to study the behaviour of profit in response to changes in volume, costs and price is called the cost-volume-profit analysis it is the device used to determine the usefulness of the profit planning process of a firm.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

High aggregate import ratio of raw materials, machines and expertise used by manufacturing firms and coupled with the ever declining value of the naira resulted in cost problem with rising cost. Consequent increase in the 0cost of foreign exchange is that some manufacturing firms that could not cope with the situation were pulsed out of business cycle.

 

While those that survived could not meet up their former capacity utilization level resulting again in volume problems because of rising cost of production and the low capacity utilization which means low volume of output, the manufacturing firms in their attempt to make up fix prices that are exorbitiveness and excess stock, which has the overall effect of reducing profit hence profit problem.

 

Management is faced with the problem on how to make use of he available scarce resources in order to achieve the objective of profit maximization. In this study, answers should be provided to the following questions.

  • Is cost-volume –profit analysis extensively applied in firms.

Has the application of cost-volume-profit analysis

 

 

 

Continue reading COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR PROFIT PLANNING AND CONTROL