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THE IMPACT OF PLANT MAINTENANCE ON QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIAN BREWERIES, KADUNA

THE IMPACT OF PLANT MAINTENANCE ON QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIAN BREWERIES, KADUNA

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA

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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name:3059320631

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ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of plant and equipment maintenance on quality  Productivity in Nigeria Breweries. The research questions that guided the study were: How does plant and equipment maintenance affect the standard of production in Nigeria Breweries Kaduna? How does plant and equipment maintenance affect efficiency and speed of production in Nigeria Breweries? What is the effect of plant and equipment maintenance on quality production in Nigeria Breweries Kaduna, and what are the problems militating against plant and equipment maintenance in Nigeria Breweries Kaduna? A survey method was used for this study. The population consists of all the staff in the Production department of Nigeria Breweries Kaduna. Out of the population 120 people, so was selected using the simple random sampling technique?

 

A questionnaire developed by the researcher based on the five liker scale format must used as the sole instrument of data collection. Mean scores was used to analyze the data obtained from the field. Research result indicates that plants and equipment maintenance effect efficiency and productions speed by safe guiding plant and equipments against breakdown which could cause error in production and consequently affect quality. This enhances the quality and as well as productivity in production due to uninterrupted production. In spite of this plant and equipment maintenance is confronted with constraint arising from the used of substandard spare part due to improper inspection of such part by procurement officers constant power out age and regular use of generator which affect  the health of plant and equipment.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     Background of the study-    –         –         –         –         –         –         1

1.2     Statement of the problem-   –         –         –         –         –         –         3

1.3     Objectives of the study-        –         –         –         –         –         –         3

1.4     Significance of the study-     –         –         –         –         –         –         4

1.5     Research Questions-   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.6     Scope of the study-      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.7     Limitation of the study         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Introduction                  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         8

2.2     The concept of maintenance of plant and equipment in factory     10

2.3     The concept of quality production –         –         –         –         –         11

2.4     Fundamental requirement of plant and equipment maintenance  13

2.5     The technique used in plant maintenance       –         –         –         16

2.6     The relationship between quality and production    –         –         20

2.7     The impact of plant and equipment maintenance on quality           production –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         22

2.8     The constraint of plant and equipment maintenance        –         23

2.9     Summary of findings   –         –         –         –         –         –         –

 

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1     Introduction                  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         26

3.2     Research design –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         26

3.3     Area of the study         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         26

3.4     Population of the study         –         –         –         –         –         –         27

3.5     Sampling size and sampling technique  –         –         –         –         27

3.6     Instrument of data collection         –         –         –         –         –         27

3.7     Validation of instrument      –         –         –         –         –         –         28

3.8     Reliability of instrument      –         –         –         –         –         –         29

3.9     Method of data collection     –         –         –         –         –         –         29

3.10   Method of data analysis       –         –         –         –         –         –         30

 

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         31

4.2     Characteristic of respondents        –         –         –         –         –         31

4.3     Data Analysis-    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         34

4.4     Summary of findings   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         42

4.5     Discussion of Findings          –         –         –         –         –         –         43

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         46

5.2     Summary   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         46

5.3     Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         48

5.4     Recommendation         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         48

5.5     Suggestions for Further Study      –         –         –         –         –         49

Bibliography       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         51

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study

          Plant maintenance is the comprehensive management of machineries and fool in a factory. This could take the form of preventing of breakdown through extensive lubrication of machine, detection of fault carryout minor repairs and replacement of obsolete spare parts at interval to enhance efficient production and consequently enhance quality and productivity (Edward, 2007).

 

Maintenance of plant and equipment use in production lead to the production of high quality product, increase speed of production and enhance the overall plant performance. The maximum utilization of maintenance resources enhance cost reduction or controls a substantial part of the total operating budget in most plants as well as reduction in total labour cost through increase speed of production and efficiency. The impact of maintenance of plant cannot be overemphasized sequel to it importance in enhancing the quality of production.

In recent years, a firm has given more attention to the quality of the product or services they produce. The act of monitoring and improving the quality of product and services produce is commonly referred to as total quality management. Which gives emphasis on production efficiency the ability to produce products at a low cost? This will consequently give a firm competitive advantage.

It is against this that most firms embark on plant maintenance in order manufacture high quality product efficiently to reduce cost and make high sales.

However, most firms use the wrong technique of maintenance sequel to cost reduction but incur such cost when breakdown interacts with production leading great loss.

It is against this background that the researcher sees the subject matter, the impact of plant and equipment maintenance on quality production as an issue worthy of being investigated. Putting a searchlight on Nigeria breweries Kaduna plant.

1.2    Statement of the Problems

The inability of an organization to effectively maintain its plant and equipment result in poor product quality, reduction in production speed, or affect other factors that limit overall plant performance. This subsequently leads to production failure in the market and could lead the collapse of an organization. It is against this,

 

 

 

Continue reading THE IMPACT OF PLANT MAINTENANCE ON QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIAN BREWERIES, KADUNA

THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

A CASE STUDY OF OBINGWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ABIA STATE

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Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

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MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

Various accounting system is being used by different organizations or firms to speculate and analyse their financial statue.

However, for an organization to know the system of accounting they will adopt depends on the kind of transaction/business or activities such organization engaged Nigeria my country. The problem of adopting a particular accounting system especially among the various local governments in the states, has always been taken into consideration to ensure good control and efficient management of government operation. To a reasonable and considerable extent. This has been achieved, but due to the complex system of our local government accounting, there has been some set back.

 

Against this background, this project is designed to point out the ways and systems through which the revenues and expenditures of local Governments are accounted for.

 

The accounting system of Obingwa Local Government Area will be used as a reference point to unravel this problems, and as well their solutions. Also, this project will identify the nature and purpose of L.G.A accounting and financial control.

 

Chapter one of this work is designed to show the introduction of the case study with the various reforms to its scope of operation.  It also term’s to consider the problems facing the local governments accounting system in Nigeria, chapter two of this research work attempts to explore in details the related literature on the topic, review of local government accounting system will regards to Obingwa L.G.A. Also, is the L.G.A system of accounting for capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure and stores.

 

Chapter three will tend to examine the research design, the sample and instrument of data collection and the method of analysis. These items are moreover most important because the validity of the study is relative to the ability of the researcher to reach those directly concerned with the problem of the research.

 

Chapter four is designed to analyse the responses of the respondents of Obingwa L.G.A workers at various levels.

 

Chapter five of this research work will tend to summarize, draw a conclusion and make recommendations that will adequately make effective impact in the maintenance of local government accounting system that will be devoid of any immaterial facts, so as to maintain a true financial position at any point in times.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction
  • Statement of the problem
  • Objectives of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Methodology of research
  • Scope and limitation of the study
  • Statement of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of related literature
  • Accounting system
  • Local government accounting system
  • Nature and purpose of local government accounting and financial control
  • Local government basis of accounting
  • Books of accounts and accounting records in local government systems.
  • Accounting for capital expenditure
  • Accounting for recurrent revenue
  • Stores accounting
  • Sumamry

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

  • Population of study]
  • Sample design
  • Sources of data

3.3.1  Secondary sources of data

  • Research instruments
  • Methods of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation and analysis

  • Questionnaire distribution & rate of return: Table 5.1
  • Classification of respondents
  • Section B: Capital receipt / expenditure
  • Section C: recurrent/expenditure
  • Section D: stores
  • Section E: General assessment
  • Testing of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of findings and recommendation

  • Summary of finding
  • Recommendations
  • Recommendation for further studies
  • Conclusion

 

Bibliography

Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix III

Appendix IV

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • LOCAL GOVERNMENT IS THE THIRD TIER OF THE THREE TIERS OF GOVERNMENT

The nationwide local government reform launched with reference to the 1999 constitution gave birth to the making of local government a third tier of government. However, the 1999 constitution gave it a fulk legal recognition and ever since then, it has enhanced the grass-root participation at local government and thus enlarged the responsibilities and roles of local government authorities.

 

The local government council as spent out in the fourth schedule of the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria section 7 has the following as its functions

  1. The economic development of the state particularly in so far as the affairs of the council and the state are affected and proposals made by the said commission or body.
  2. Collection of rates, radio and television license
  3. Establishment and maintenance of centuries burial grounds and homes for the destination or firm.
  4. Licensing of bicycle, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), canoes, wheel barrows and cars.
  5. Establishment maintenance and regulation of slaughter houses, slaughter slabs, markets, motor parks and public places.
  6. Construction and maintenance of roads, streets lighting drains and other public highways, parks, gardens, open spaces or such public facilities as may be prescribed by the state assembly.
  7. Naming of roads and streets and numbering of house.
  8. Provision and maintenance of public convenience sewages and refuse disposal.
  9. Registration of all births, deaths and marriages.
  10. Assessment of privately owned housed or tenants for the purpose of leaving such rates as may be prescribed by the house of assembly of a state.
  11. Control and regulation of:
    1. Out-door advertising and hoarding
    2. Movement and keeping of pets of all description.
  • Shops and Kiosks
  1. Restaurants, bakeries are the place fore food sales to the public.
  2. Licensing and
  3. Licensing, regulation and control of seller f liquor.
  4. The function of a local government shall include the participation of such council in the government of a state as respect to the following matters:

 

  1. The provision and maintenance of primary, adult and vocational education.
  2. The development of Agriculture and national resources other than the exploitation of minerals.
  3. The provision and maintenance of health services, and
  4. Such other functions as may be conferred on a local government council by the house of assembly of the state.
  5. The attainment of creating local government will be reached which is to bring socio-economic development of the local government populance. Proper accounting system should be installed to take care of both the existing and newly created revenue basis. Such accounting system should be capable of ensuring local government revenues and expenditures are well kept.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

first, with reference to Obingwa local government, the main problem of this study is to examine the weakness and limitations that may exist in the accounting system of local governments in Nigeria. Manu scholars have criticized Nigeria local government accounting system following the inherent weakness in the system thus requiring a study of this nature to critically assess these weakness and highlight their attendant implications on financial statements of local governments in Nigeria.

 

Secondary, there has been a problem presently a financial statement that could reflect the true and fair view of the financial position of the Nigerian local government.

 

LOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA.

LOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA.

(A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC. NEW MARKET ROAD ONITSHA).

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study
  • Statement of the problem
  • Objectives of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Scope, limitations and delimitations
  • Statement of hypothesis
  • Definition of terms.

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  • Types and sources of loan to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc.
  • Factors to be considered by Consortium of Financial Institutions before giving out Loans to business Organization.
  • Factors to be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using Loan syndication as a source of finance.
  • Securities and interest rates acceptable to the Union Bank of Nigeria.

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

  • Sources of data
  • Survey Instrument or Instrument of Data collection.
  • Location of data
  • Research questions.

 

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • Presentation of Data
  • Analysis of data
  • Interpretation of Data.

 

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • Findings
  • Recommendation
  • Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.1               INTRODOUCTION OF THE STUDY

The velalive insufficiency of fund for capital investment is a common factor in every economy especially in developing counties of the world. In developing counties like Nigeria; the low level of capital investment manifest in high unemployment rates; low productivity and corresponding low standard of living for greater majority of the population.

Finding a solution to this problem of providing fund for capital investment has been a major  pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria. Beyond the traditional term loan; share offers; bonds and on; business organizations and   financial institutions alike have sought out avenue to tackle the problem of insufficient fund for capital investment. One of the solutions they have come up with is syndicated load or multiple  credit facilities , which is aimed at spreading risks and weakening the impact of restricting laws and regulation on lending by financial institutions .

Syndicate has been defined as an association of industrialist , or financial or banking consortium forced to carry out some industrial projects .

Accordingly, loan syndication is basically defined as an agreement between two or borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation.

The spectacular growth of loan syndication as an alternative financial instrument for business organization occurred as response to several economic factors in Nigeria. Notable among these were:

  • The National industrial policy of 1989, which is aimed at achieving, accelerated pace of industrial growth in Nigeria
  • The Introduction of structural adjustment programmed in 1986, culminating in the establishment of foreign Exchange market (F E M) and depreciation of the aria, This made imported machinery and equipment very expensive and requiring hung capital outlays which most companies or financial institution can not comfortably afford.
  • Restriction on credit expansion by government and monetary authorities to minimize inflation. Central bank of Nigeria dose not included syndicated loan finance with in the credit checking, banks are there fore, able to syndicate loans with out interfering with the credit ceiling.
  • The scrapping of import license regime which enabled more users of imported equipment and machineries to source and bring into the country.
  • Deregulation of interest rate made loan syndication attractive to both business organizations and financial institutions. The above factors concerned with the persistent domestic inflation and arising cost of domestic production have increased the magnitude of credits demand by vanoys users of fund particularly the industrial producers.

In addition, there are certain legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial and merchant banks such as the statutory lending limit as provided in the banking act of 1969s. 13 (1) , the liquidity requirement ,e t c . In order to surmount these legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial bank (union bank) and merchant banks, loan syndication has become an attractive credit delivery technique aimed at spreading risks reducing the impact of the restricting laws and regulations.

Currently, there exists no comprehensive enacted law on loan syndication in the country as to regulate the activities of the financial institution that lead and participate in the syndication. What is perhaps significant about loan syndication in the country is not the rapid growth of the financial institutions involved loan syndication, but their activities which have been quite remarkable over the years.

Also, the study of the extent to which union bank of Nigeria plc. Employ syndicated loan as an alternative financing means with particular reference to Anambra and Enugu states respective financing means with loan as an alternatively have been carried out in this study. The researcher carefully appraised all aspects of loan syndication as financing alternative in the country from the point of view of the borrower. It is also made clear in this work that consideration of numerous merits of syndicated loan financing as against its demerits. It is not to be used as a last resort but should be considered alongside with equivalent alternatives. All these notwithstanding the most important of this study (it empirical study) is to know the popularity of syndicated loan financing among business organization in the country and the extent to which they employ it as financing alternative, no such study has been carried out in Nigeria.

For the empirical study, Anambra and Enugu State respectively have been chosen due to constraint imposed by cost and short-term on the researcher, otherwise the researcher could have conducted the survey throughout the country.

 

  • STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

            There are conflicting views as to whether business organizations should be financed by syndicated loan or not. The opposition to the use of this alternative, especially in Nigeria, argues that syndicated loan is expensive and involves much administrative work. Also, there is need to point  out in every clear terms the advantages inherent in syndicated loan as medium and long term financing alternative. Besides, a review of the role of financial institutions in financing N9igeria business organization through syndicate loan is of paramount importance. In addition to the above, the extent to which syndicated loan financing is embraced by Union bank of Nigeria Plc. In the country need to be studies to know actually whether the much emphasized

THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF AUDITING IN A COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT

THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF AUDITING IN A COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT

(A Case Study Of Nigeria Mobile Telecommunication, Limited)

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name:3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

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Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

For any organization to function effectively and efficiently to achieve its desired goals and objectives, such an organization must have an efficient way of managing her daily operations, (Financial, Admin etc.). it is therefore a major corporate responsibility of the management to provide adequate measures which will facilitate the achievement of their set goals.

 

This research work is aimed at determining the effect of audit in a computer environment. To buttress this point, Nigeria Mobile Telecommunication Limited (MTEL) Kaduna, is used as a case study. The auditing variables researched upon include financial and non  – financial variables. A sample size of 4 employees was drawn out of a research population of 37 members of staffs composed of managerial and non-managerial staff to answer the question in the question in the questionnaire administered to them.

 

Also personal interview was conducted to supplement the information obtained from the questionnaires. However, in the course of the research, one hypothesis was used, “Computer Audit facilitate/enhance audit work,” the alternate hypothesis was accepted, while the null hypothesis was rejected, based on the data collected through the questionnaires administered and the proof of hypothesis. Based on the data collected and analyzed, the summarized fact were discovered that, the organization is aware of the positive effect of computer on the entire organization, yet computer audit in the account department are not still appreciated.

 

Finally, I the researcher, recommend that the organization should not just know that computer audit facilitates/enhance audit work, but also adhere and apply it. When this is done it will enhance and facilitate accountability, gen1erally in the organization.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction        —      —      —      —      —      —      —      1

1.1    Historical Background of Mtel —      —      —      —      3

1.2The statement of the problem        —      —      —      —      4

1.3    Aims and Objectives of the Study   —      —      —      —      5

1.4    Significance of the Study       —      —      —      —      —      6

1.5    Hypothesis —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      7

1.6    Scope and Limitation    —      —      —      —      —      —      7

1.7    Definition of Term        —      —      —      —      —      —      8

 

CHAPTER TWO: (Literature Review)

2.0    Introduction        —      —      —      —      —      —      —      13

2.1    The Concepts of Auditing and Computer  —      —      —      13

2.2The Impart of Computers on Managers

And in a Business Organization       —      —      —      —      15

2.3Objectives of internal Control in a

Computerized Accounting System   —      —      —      —      17

2.4Weakness of the Tradition and Computer

Method of Auditing      —      —      —      —      —      —      24

2.5The Use of auditing trial in a business organization    —      29

2.6The Problem and benefit (Prospects)

Of Computer Auditing   —      —      —      —      —      —      33

 

CHAPTER THREE (Research Methodology)

3.0    Introduction        —      —      —      —      —      —      —      36

3.1    Research Design —      —      —      —      —      —      —      36

3.2    Area of the Study —      —      —      —      —      —      37

3.3    Research Population and Sample size      —      —      —      37

3.4    Instruments for Data Collection —   —      —      —      —      38

3.5    Validation/Reliability of Instrument —       —      —      —      38

3.6    Procedure for Data Collection —     —      —      —      —      39

3.7    Procedure for Data Analysis   —      —      —      —      —      39

 

CHAPTER FOUR (Data Presentation and Analysis)

4.0    Introduction        —      —      —      —      —      —      —      41

4.1    Presentation of Data    —      —      —      —      —      —      41

4.2    Data Analysis      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      46

4.3    Test of Hypothesis       —      —      —      —      —      —      46

4.4    Research Findings        —      —      —      —      —      —      47

 

CHAPTER FIVE (Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation)

5.0Introduction        —      —      —      —      —      —      —      49

5.1    Summary    —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      49

5.2    Conclusion —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      50

5.3    Recommendation         —      —      —      —      —      —      51

Bibliography        —      —      —      —      —      —      —      53

Questionnaire      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      55

Area Office/CSC Organongram MTEL)      —      —      —      57

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

  1. INTRODUCTION

Human being, either young, old, literate and illiterate are all product of their various environment i.e. the environment (internal or External) affects them either positively or negatively, even their work and inputs into anything, due to the rational and unpredictable nature of man, that makes them react to stimulants.

 

Before considering, the reaction towards auditing, auditing can be traced back to the ancient times where the receipts and payments of an estate or a manor were read to the lord or proprietor, or the head of a manor. It began more like a stewardship kind of dealings, where houses are entrusted into the hand of caretakers, who report to the landlord at the end of every month, etc. the origin of the word auditing is from a Latin word “Audire” (meaning to hear).

 

At the beginning, the dealing was a kind of a sole – proprietorship business, since it involves a landlord and a steward/caretaker; but with industrial revolution, there was an increase in business transactions, which ushers in partnership, and other forms or types of business. Hence, financial transactions becomes much and the whole processes becomes complex and required more formal and improved accountability.

 

Considering the issue of audit reaction to the computer environment, it becomes proper to note that prior to the new era (computer) audit had already been in practice, though in a traditional/manual environment, as such, there are bound to be either challenges or prospects in the change to computer environment. This holds to the fact, that human beings react to changes in either positive or negative way, and they constitute the most important resources, in an organizational setup.

 

Over the years human beings had been used to a particular audit environments and it has become part of their routine work; so introduction of a new thing could and could not be a problem, irrespective of its future contribution, but as a result of human level of adoption to new things.

Hence, the starting point is how fast or slow, the organizations members of staff adopts to new policies, where this is in place, then the challenges and prospects can now be determined.

 

1.1   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF M-TEL

From M–TEL’s NEW IMAGE. A presentation to new members of the Mtel family October 2003. Mtel was established in 1996, to run the operations of NITEL’S Total Access Communication System (TACS).

It was merged with NITEL in April 2001 and demerge on 1st April, 2003. It has the vision of becoming, the number two mobiles operators in Nigeria in both consumer and business markets in five years, and have a reliable state of the art network infrastructure that meets the ever increasing demanding requirements of its customers and support a wide range of mobile voice and data service. Also, that its organization will have a “customer first” culture that is plainly visible by the respectful way it treats its customer and by the utmost care that is taken throughout the organization to maintain the promised service levels. And Mtel is aimed at achieving this vision through the telecommunication services it provides to the general public.

 

1.2   THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The audit problems with organization today can be dealt with from two broad perspective i.e. technological problem and historical problems.

 

This sense of the technical problem has to do with lack of technological know how. Since audit in a computer environment is a modern or contemporary way of audit, it entails a formal or an informal training on how to

 

 

 

Continue reading THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF AUDITING IN A COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT

EFFICIENT AUDIT OF FINAL ACCOUNTS AND THE FORMATION OF AUDITOR OPINION A SURVEY OF SELECTED AUDIT FIRM FRED OKONTA CO

EFFICIENT AUDIT OF FINAL ACCOUNTS AND THE FORMATION OF AUDITOR OPINION A SURVEY OF SELECTED AUDIT FIRM FRED OKONTA CO

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ABSTRACT

 

The efficient audit of final account and the formation of auditor opinion, a valued audit opinion state that the financial statement should give a true and view of the state of affairs of the company under review.

Since audit permeate all aspect of every organization audit techniques have been developed to suit various management objectives like management audit, personal audit, cost audit, efficiency  audit etc.

Furthermore development of business and other organization and the credence lent & financial statement  by users coupled with incessant fraud and defalcation  have warranted that techniques of audit should be mastered by accountants.

Finally this project is to ascertain the basics use of auditors  Opinion in the financial statement of the true and view of the state of the affairs of the organization & detection of fraud and errors by auditors.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
  • Introduction

1.1     Statement  of the Problem

  • Objective of the Study
  • Significance of the Study
  • Scope of the Research
  • Limitation of the Research

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Definition of Final Account

  • Composition of Final Account
  • Definition of An Audit
  • Audit Objective
  • Internal Control
  • Audit Working Paper
  • Financial Analysis
  • Detection of Fraud and Errors

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Summary of Finding

  • Conclusion
  • Recommendation

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

The practice of public accountability can be traced back to ancient time. In ancient grace all local officers a servant were required to reader accounts for receipts and expenses to their masters.

During the nineteen century, industry enterprise was greatly expended and the evolution of the mechanized factories involved the provision of finance for in excess of that required by industry under the joint stock company form of business organization. The  shareholders as a body delegated the  management of the undertaking to the board of directors and provincially, the board submits to the shareholder the accounts of the company in orders that the meneben to see the financial position and the profit and of the accounts.

Thus the need arise for some means by which the shareholder no body mighty be satisfied that the account presented to them by their board of directors, did show an objectives view of the financial position and result of the company. For this reason, Auditors were appointed to verity the account of the directors a companies, organizations and  to reports of the shareholders.

All simply means an independent examination and evaluation of the authenticity and therefore the reliability of an organizations of the authenticity, and therefore the reliability of an organizations business elopements and records.

The auditor are required to prepare the financial statement of a company or organization. If it given a time and fair view of financial result for the year ended.

The alert of final account through verification of their existences and valuation by auditor should therefore be capable of enabling the auditor to form a opinion on the financial statement is to the extend of their dependability and reliability.

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In any organization, human error is inevitable human our arises from error of inter operation, concerned and misunderstanding, there error can effect the presentation of accurate and reliable account.

The auditor my be satisfied after completing his substantially cert, as to the authenticity of the transaction by which asset may  have been acquired, or liabilities  incurred but his examination this will not have proved the existence of the actual item, not in the case of assets, that they are actually held by the body concerned.

Based on these problems this research lend to discover the extern to which the already audited  accounts of companies show a true view of the financial position of the entity.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES

An audit is an examination of it books, enchant are vouchers of  an enterprise to enable an auditor give two opinion on the financial