ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN IMO STATE (A CASE STUDY PF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN EZINIHITTE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

The industrialization of every nation emanates from the ability of private individuals and government in business to make optimum allocation of available resources in order to achieve future objectives. Business in the third world countries is characterized by ineffective and ineffectual utilization of available resources which has limited the scope of business to small scale.

 

This calls for the application of some theories in the field of management accounting to enhance the productivity of existing small scale businesses in the third world countries.

 

Small scale enterprises encounter problems which often times result into pre – mature death of such industries or/production below capacity. Some of these problems lie largely outside the control of the entrepreneur. These are the problems to be solved, by the government in the interest of industrial development of Nation while other problems arise from the enterprenuer’s limitation in his decision making process.

 

This study, has been limited to Imo state by the project writer after a thorough research.

An analysis of factors that contributed to this development would be highlighted and useful recommendation towards resolving these problems would be made. The researcher is optimistic in view of the fact that if these recommendation are adhered to, they will go a long way in achieving the objectives of this research work.

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Purpose of the study
• Importance of the study
• Scope or delimitation of the study
• Working hypothesis
• Definition of term

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of related literature
• Local literature
• Foreign related literature
• Relationship to the study

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Sampling procedures
• Source of data
• Statistical treatment and analysis of data

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Discussion on the results of findings
• Conclusions and recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Histories of various developed countries have shown that industrial revolution had been the main cause for their economic survival. Their great financial strength have come principally through the acquisition of industrial and technological power. Small – scale industries undisputedly constitute the bedrock for any meaningful industrial development and for the acquisition of this industrial and technological power.

 

Without exception, all big industrial organization be they multi – national or indigenous, started in a small way. Small scale industrial set – ups abound, but most of them are buying and selling outfits. Considering the economic situation in the country, the entrepreneurs in the state, now more than ever need to branch out into some other areas outside buying and selling. One would appreciate the fact that one can make quicker and more money by buying and selling. But this is only for a short term investment in the production of goods (manufacturing), though it has a longer payback period ensures a longer lasting profit. This could not only be a safer investment for the entrepreneur in the long run, but it is also a sure way of providing employment for our teeming high school and university graduates.

 

The Nigerian economy in the last two decades has passed through various stages. From the oil boom era of the seventies to the period of wasteful spending and painlessness of the early eighties and the present economic down turn.

 

One must appreciate the fact that the survival of the sole proprietor in the Nigerian economy today would depend of his initiative, drive and quick adaptation to the environment. The age of “buy, buy, buy” and “sell, sell, sell” is permanently over in this country. The sole proprietor must appreciate this fact and more to study the economy and develop interest in some manufacturing no matter how small the scale, so as to be sure of the survival in today or future Nigeria.

 

Most traders especially if Imo state origins who are seeing the writing on the wall of destiny are gradually investing in industries and where necessary, are working with foreign or indigenous experts to make the enterprise successful. There are in this state numerous Engineers, Accountants, Economists and other people in other fields who possess the intellectual ability to set up an industry but hardly find the necessary fund to do so.

 

Ezinihitte Local Government Area on which the research work is based, is one of the local government area of Imo state. It is stated on the Eastern side of the state and lies on the boarder axis between Abia and Imo state. Ezinihitte local government is made up of various Autonomous communities with a total population of about six hundred thousand people. A greater percentage of the people are engaged in Agriculture while others are engaged in trading as well as traditional and industrial activities such as pot moulding, basket and mat weaving, hair dressing. Others are block moulding, Bakery, poultry, soap making, food processing e.t.c. Most of those activities are small scale establishments and sole proprietorship and partnership oriented.

 

A good number of people have shown their concern over the development of Ezinihitte local government area and Imo state in general. People like Engr. Roy Umenyi who had carried a study of this nature, discovered a lot of bottle – necks in the development of the local government in question. Such studies also revealed that answers to poor development of the area could be found largely on the insufficient investment in industrial activities. This has struck the mind of the project writer to carry out a research into the problems militating against the establishment and development of small scale industries in Ezinihitte local government area.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Industrialization has been identified as a basic tool for rural development. Ezinihitte local government area which is primarily a rural area is faced with multifarious problems in its efforts towards industrialization of the locality.

 

Thus, this study title “Accounting and management problems of small scale industries in Imo state (a case study of small scale industries in Ezinihitte local government Area, attempts to determine why:

• There are only few small scale industries in Ezinihitte local government area.

T

FUNDING OF FEDERAL PARASTATALS

 (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO COOPERATION OF NIGERIA IN ENUGU STATE)

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

 

An appraisal of tax holiday incentive programme could apart form critically examine the nature of and type of incentive after proceed form two angle – Micro and Macro. The micro aspect is an attempt to access the significances of the programme in the beneficiary while the macro aspect is the attempt to excess the whole aspect of aspect of the programme to the government and to the economy.

This paper only attempt to analyze the impact of holiday tax on investment on the pioneer industry form the macro aspect (that is – assessing the significances in the investment decision of the benefinciary0 it is one thing to grant tax holiday relief to the qualified companies and it is another thing whether the infant industry incentive is crucial in the investment decision of the companies affected t commence and continued operation.

The fact that the benefiting company has precedes substantial return from the point of view of the economy dose not mean that the tax holiday incentive, which they enjoy, is superfluous. Much the same result could have been archived without the enjoyment for he incentives. The general belief particularly among incentive will induce an interpretation to set up the operation n the priority areas approved by the government. This was the belief in 1952 and 1958 when the aid to pioneer industrial ordinance and the industrial development (income tax relief) acts were posed respectively.

This provides is with the tax holiday, which is the significances to pioneer income companies profit and Liquidity Company.

Bill Borrow and Porter “ liquidity model for physical incentive evaluation” is used in this work to measure the extent the industry is incentive induced.

Based partly on the result of the analysis and partly on the different conception of the effectiveness of tax holiday scheme. It is concluded that not only the infant or the pioneer companies are incentive induced but also that the scheme is working out effectively with those companies qualified and granted the status.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE:

1.1     Introduction

1.2     Statement of the problem

1.3     Objective of study

1.4     Significance of study

1.5     Statement of the hypothesis

1.6     Scope of the study

1.7     Scope of the study

1.8     Definitions of terms

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1     Review of the related literature

2.2     Preambles

2.3     Classifications for fiscal incentives

2.4     Objective if tax holiday

2.5     Nature of legislative position on the holiday tax

2.6     The fiscal scarifies

2.7     Criticism of tax incentive scheme

2.8     Holiday tax scheme

2.9     The pioneer industry

2.10   Method of evaluation for the impacts of tax holiday

2.11   The liquidity method

2.12   The survey approach

2.13   The computation profit approach

2.14   The pioneer/ infant company

 

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1     Research design and methodology

3.2     Source of data

3.3     Primary

3.4.    Area of study

3.5     Populations for the study

3.6     Instrument for data collection

3.7     Reliability for the instrument

3.8     Validity of the instrument

3.9     Method of administration

3.10   Method of data analysis

3.4     Secondary data

3.5     Sample used

3.6     Method of investigation

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Data analysis and interpretation

4.2     data presentation and analysis

4.3     Test of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Summary of the findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX / QUESTIONNAIRE

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

Tax policy among other being the basic objective of the encouraging capital formation for economic development.

Income that would otherwise be spent on non-essential is usually taxed out of their holder to mobilize enough savings to finance needed investment both in the manufacturing and social overhead capital.

However, in thud capital formation, sole development of the economy lies in the conflict between the need for high rate to raise enough capital for the government owned investment in utilities and infrastructures which are essential for development and industrializations and the need to keep tax rate low enough to encouraged private investor in industries and in agriculture.

The situation is further compounded by the fact that by and large, income are low in the development economy (giving rise to low tax revenue generally) and those tax which vary directly and rise progressively with the income and which are most effective in retrieving a good portion of gain of the economic development are the once likely to affect return from private investment.

In other to meet up with those conflicting demand, the approach is to combine high rate of tax with preferential treatment to categories of desired development activity (with penalty tax for undesired activities). At 45%, the company income tax rate in Nigerian as considered high enough could be an effective tool for any necessary deduction in the economic activity. But apart from the deriving, the must effective way of mobilizing capital , there is still he need to direct investment to the desired sector of the economy. Other dilemma here is that investment which meet the main motor of the private investor (capital profits) are not necessary those that bring about high social benefits. In fact before 1964, value added production was quit unattractive to entrepreneur. They regard trading and contract business as the quickest way of increasing the income. In addition, the British trading firm that dominated the economy with the assistance of the colonial government discourages diversified indoctrination in Nigerian to protect their own trading interest.

But with the Nigerian political independency in 1960, come the international completion for the Nigerian vast market. The intensification of this competition coupled with the government active encouragement gave impetus to industrialization. The investment in the industry after a public policy is a challenge to influence the level, composition and direction of the manufacturing output and capital production. Such policies at first encouraged the domestic production of various goods previously imported but latter emphasis has shifted to maximization of value added to the grose domestic product the policy is therefore at encouraging the utilization of our local raw material by the manufacturing firm in place of the imported ones and also for encouraging production for foreign market. Nigerian has been utilizing a system of fiscal incentive, which is consciously manipulated to influence the direction of investment in activities in the private sector. These incentives are embodies in fire legal enactment as follows;

 

1. The industrial development (income tax relief) Act of 1958 as amended by decree 22 of 1971.
2. The industrial development, (import duties relief) Act of 1957.
3. Costumes duties (dumped and subsidized goods Act of 1958.
4. The customs (draw back) regulation of 1958
5. The income tax (amendment) Act of 1959)

 

THE STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Tax holiday scheme is wildly used by the developing countries in the belief that it is a useful fiscal industrial policy for rapid economic development, sine it is activity in the preferred sector of the economy. But the scheme can activity be providing subsidy to all the firm benefiting by it without necessary stimulating fir example if for a firm that enjoys tax holiday, the volume and timing of the incentive as well as the decision concerning the input a

EFFECTIVE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AS A MEASURE OF FRAUD PREVENTION IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE.

(A CASE STUDY OF BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE ENUGU STATE).

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Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• Statement of Problem
• Purpose of Study
• Relevance of the Study
• Methodology and Hypothesis Statement
• Scope and Limitation of Study
• Definition of Terms.

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Introduction
• Organizational Chart
• Personal Income Tax Duties
• Other Revenue Duties
• Planning Research and Statistics
• Administration and Finances
• Relationship between Internal and External Auditor
• Internal Audit as an Effective Internal Control System.
• Factors that will be considered by an external auditor before relying on the work of the internal auditors
• Audit committee.
• Relationship between the audit committee and the external auditor.
• Essentials of internal control
• Internal check
• Types of internal control system at board of internal revenue Enugu state
• Areas of work where internal and external auditors overlap at the board of internal revenue Enugu
• Areas of work where internal and external auditors overlap at the board of internal revenue Enugu state
• Fraud
• Difference between fraud in the organization
• Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Primary data
• Validity and reliability of the questionnaire
• Personal interview
• Observations
• Statistical tools and mathematical manipulation
• Research design
• Selection of sample
• References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Introduction
• Field survey
• Presentation and analysis of data
• Section a part of the questionnaire
• Section B part of the questionnaire
• Data analysis
• The procedure for reporting fraud at the board of internal revenue
• Testing of hypothesis
• Hypothesis 1
• Hypothesis 2
• References

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Recommendations
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

The Institute of Charter Accountants defines the concept internal control system as “The whole system of control financial and otherwise established by the management in order to carry on the business of the enterprise in an orderly and efficient manner, ensure adherence to management policies, safeguard the assets and secure as fact as possible the completeness and accuracy check and internal audit”  fraud is a threat common to most organizations. It is a threat to the effective utilization of resources and as such, it will always remain an important concern to management.

Fraud needs to be deleted and potential fraud needs to be prevented. Effective internal control system is vital for the survival of any organization it serves as a check on fraudulent activities of the management and employees an organization and it brings about solutions to likely fraudulent acts in an organization.

Management is totally responsible for establishing the internal control system in an organization.

Auditing today is based on internal control. A client during the course of financial period so because it is client during the course of so because it is undesirable for an auditor to carry out a hundred percent check on all the transactions enters this.

 

Internal control system is a necessity in large organizations  especially where management is removed from day to day routine operations of the organization. Internal control system include controls exercised by management which comprise of rules and regulations as well as procedures set up by organizations bearing also the problems set up by organizations bearing in also the problem of limited resources.

If the internals control system is effective in an organization, it ensures maximum use of resources and also reduces to the barest minimum fraud.

The feed for affective internal control system therefore cannot be over-emphasized. It is important because of the existence of risks and also all form irregularities in an organizations.ter of flatly, the major frauds in public and private enterprises can be traced to lapse in the internal control system and the existence of poor control environment in organization.

An effective internal control system and its fraud preventive measures in an organization will help to prevent fraud and errors in an organization thereby reducing fraud to its minimum than when internal control is not in existence or when there is weakness in the system.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

An internal control system on its own guarantee and effective and efficient administrative completeness and accuracy of records or a fraud and error free environment due to the following reasons:

1. Two or more dishonest persons working in collusion can override the efficiency of the internal control system.
2. Management is in a position to step over the control it has set up
3. Those in whom the authority is vested can abuse authorization control.
4. A single dishonest employee can override the efficiency of the internal control system.
   • PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

They are:-

ANALYSIS OF FINANICAL STATEMENTS AS AN AID TO MEANINGFUL INVEST DECISION MAKING

(A CASE STUDY OF INVESTMENT FIRMS IN ENUGU STATE)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

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ABSTRACT

 

          The purpose of this research project was to find out how financial statement analysis service of our aid to meaning decision by investment firms in Enugu state.  Financial statement analysis are used by investment firms to make their investment decisions.  They are also used by management to make their decisions.  Some of the ratio commonly computed by investment firms are profitability ratios, liquidity ratios.  Market value ratios leverage ratios and ordinary share ratios.

This research project was embarked on because most investment firms do not implement meaningful decision that will enhance their meaningful opportunities.  Moreover, most investment firms do not study investment opportunities as to understand the risk associated with investment proposals as to make meaningful decision based on that before investing their resources.

The methodology used in this work include subheadings like research decision, sampling procedure, data collection and method of data analysis as well as statistical tool of analysis.

The method of research design that was adopted in this study is the sample survey through the administering of questionnaire to investment firms.  I was discovered that making investment decisions using financial statements analysis would very significantly with the profitability of the investment firms.

This is so because using chi-square to test our hypothesis.  We discovered that the tabular value of 3.841 is less than our calculated value of 7.815.

We equally accepted the second test in the alternative hypothesis which stats that “there is significant relationship between decision computing with chi-square (X²) we had 3.841 while the tabular value is 3.841.

Thirdly, we also accept our alternative hypothesis in our third hypothesis which states that “There is significant relationship between investment decision and investment profitability because from calculated X² we had 9.483 in the tabular value.

Lastly, we made recommendations to both investors and management in investment firms on how best to utilize financial ratios in making meaningful investment decisions.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     Statement of Research problems

• Purpose of the study
• Research questions
• Statement of Hypothesis
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation of study
• Operational definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of related literature

2.1     Review of financial statement

• The profit and loss Account or income statement
• Notes to the financial statement
• Balance sheet
• Statement of source and application of fund
• Objectives/usefulness of financial statement
• The need for Analysis of financial statement
• Ratio analysis
• Users of Analysis of Financial statement
• Limitations of financial ratios analysis

 

CHAPTER THREE

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research Design

• Sampling procedure
• Data collection
• Questionnaire
• Data Analysis Technique and statistical test

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1     Questionnaire analysis

• Statistical test of the hypothesis
• Testing hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1     Summary of findings

• Recommendation
• Conclusion

SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE

BIBIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

• INTRODUCTION

Decision making is not the core of every investment activity.  A decision is a choice between two or more alternatives.  The implementation of meaningful decision gives way for achievement of investment goals and objectives while implementation of wrong decision positively give rise to investment failure.

The ultimate objectives for investment are profit maximization and growth thus it becomes necessary that capital decision have to be made and implemented so as to achieve the aforementioned objectives.

For a meaningful decision that will be used in these objective for an investment to be made available, analysed and studied and through what is derived, decision is made and implemented wither for action, execution or corrective measures where necessary.

One of the important information needed about investment is concerned with financial aspect and the record that contains the financial aspect of an investment is what is referred to as analysis of financial statement referred to as analysis of financial statement analysis.

According to financial statement analysis and interpretation for alert investors by C. Chinelo Ikoku, financial statement components are as follows:

1. The chairman board of directors report
2. The auditor’s report
3. Graphs and figures.
4. Table of accounting date.

Financial analysis via ratios hence it is sometimes referred to as ratio analysis or accounting ratios analysis interpreting investigation into financial statement.  The ratios derived from financial statements are used in three different ways namely:

1. Structural analysis
2. Time series analysis
3. Gross sectional analysis.

For investment executions, decision such as buy, certain or sell are necessary.  Equally, decision for evaluating management performance, as well as current and future level of risk and profitability is all important.  Meaningful decision in all the above mentioned areas will help for a good choice among available portfolio of assets, dividend yield, total return as well as liquidity.

In this project study, concentration will be based on such financial ratio as:

1. Profitability ratio
2. Liquidity ratio
3. Asset management ratio
4. Market value ratio

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS

          Many investors are know to have entered into investment ventures without property understanding such investment opportunity, thus making and implementing wrong decision thereby ending up in folding up when the  going proved impossible.  At times when the investment activities go on, the aim for such action not realized.

Investment failures have equally been identified with poor management, which arises as a result of mobility of the management of such investment firms in making meaningful decisions required for such investment opportunity.

Many investment are carried out without emphasis laid on those investments that would generate profitable returns in the future, the risk involved and the benefits to be derived if embarked upon given the scare financial

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTANTS IN THE PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

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ABSTRACT

This research work is aimed at ascertaining the various role played by the accountant in the privatization and commercialization of pubic enterprise in Nigerian economy.

It also focused on the information supplied by the accountant, its contribution to the success of privatization and commercialization exercise, and this shows that the accountant is important among other groups of professionals needed for the implementation of the exercise and they formed the pillar on which any successful established rest upon.

The accountants in Nigerian today faces a lot of challenges in executing their services, but from the course of finding, I will recommend that accountants should be given a free hand in the implementation of the exercise in order to enhance the profitability of such parastatals.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Objectives of the study

1.3     Scope and Limitation

1.4     Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1     The functions and objectives of National Council of Privatization and commercializaiton

2.2     The Impact of privatization and commercialization on the Accountants

2.3     Problems of Nigerian Accountant

2.4     The Accountants and the Public in General

CHAPTER THREE:

• Summary of findings
• Conclusions
• Recommendation
• References

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

• INTRODUCTION:

 

The economic recessions changes in the early 80’s to the general decline in public revenue.  As a result of this, government appointed several study group to examine their operation with a view to determine the basis for a new funding scheme, operate capital structure as well as incentive measures to enhance their productivity and general efficiency in the face of declining government revenue and expanding demand for social services.  This has led to the inauguration of National Council on privatization where the President stated thus, “there are over 1000 State owned enterprises in Nigeria.  Many of these enterprises gulp billions of naira without yielding much positive result in terms of consumer’s satisfaction which ought to be the top priority”.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

This project topic emphasizes that the only rational remedy is to reduce the burden through effective privatization and commercialization of the public enterprise, in other to achieve the aim and goals of establishing them and also a programme to cure the inefficiencies and indiscipline in the stated owned enterprise, which will later help in controlling the operation of certain key economic enterprise from the public to the private sector.

 

• OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

The objectives of this research work is to investigate or enquire for the following:

• the sole of accountants in the privatization and commercialization in Nigeria.