THE CAPITAL MARKET AND IT’S IMPACT ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMY WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE STOCK EXCAHNGE.

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

The stock market commonly known as the stock exchange is

encompassed in the capital market.

It can be described as a place where savers and investors are brought together to trade on securities and sources of finance.  It has basically, the same functions as any other financially institution which comprises the financial system.

The stock exchange plays an important role in the development of our economy.  A developed financial system they say is a developed economy.  The primary aim of every nation I believe is to improve the standard of living existing in the country.  How does this need relate to the stock exchange and its activities? Has it been successful in this particular area? It should be borne in mind through that the economy of any country is a very complex issue especially in the case of Nigeria.  Since its establishment which was necessary due to same pressing factors, the economy has undergone a lot of drastic changes.

As will be discussed later, the impact of the stock exchange in the business world of Nigeria has in some way benefited the country.  Whether it has done so successfully or not will be determined not just over its short history but also in the future years to come.

Although other means of raising funds exists, the stock exchange no doubt adds more sophistication and thus efficiency which is necessary for every developing country in this case Nigeria.

The project has been embarked on mainly to give a general idea on the life of the exchange and its operation.  It also hopes to point out certain deficiencies associated with it and the viewpoint of different individuals, firms and companies on it.  In doing so, this project has been divided into different chapters, each discussing a vital point or aspect.

This first chapter centers mainly on the purpose of this study, it’s objectives, significance and limitations associated with it.  It will help to highlight certain problems relating to the exchange and its use.

The next chapter is just a simple discussion the stock exchange.  It is the literature review of this project.  It tells us what different author’s have said in relation tot his topic and also their point of view on this topic.

Chapter 3 is a brief narration on how the research on this project has been carried out, the difficulties encountered and what type of facts and sampling I have based this project on.

The last two chapters on the other hand is detailed analysis on this project.  It is the main basis on which this project falls on.  Date analyzed here  are data got from the general public form this I was able to draw some conclusions and deduce certain facts which have all been summarized in the last chapter.

Various means have been embarked on to make this project possible.  It has been worthwhile through because as a friend put it, no person can hope to carry out an effective, influential and flourishing business if he is not well versed on the financial market.

 

PROBLEM STATEMENT

This importance of a developed economy, can never be over

emphasized.  An efficient stock market goes a long way in carrying out this functions.

This fact is not withstanding, we fined out that  a lot of people in this country are not even aware of the stock market, it’s functions and how it can facili

BANK FRAUD AND MALPRACTICE: SOURCES, FORMS AND CAUSES

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.3     SCOPE, LIMITATION OF STUDY

1.4     OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

1.5     SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

1.6     DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     WHAT IS FRAUD AND MALPRACTICE

2.2     SORUCES, FORMS AND CAUSES

2.3     THE EFFECT OF BANK FRAUD AND MALPRACTIVE

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

3.1     CONCLUSIONS

3.2     RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Banking activities in Nigeria date back to the free wanting between 1895 when the first bank, the African banking corporation where enacted in Nigeria.

In the free-banking period (1892 – 1952) there were no banking acts neither were there any ordinances to regulate the establishment and operation of commercial banks in Nigeria, many bank were registered some of which did not mean business while others simply collected customers deposits and vanished.  This derailed the economy of valuable funds needed for development and individuals of their herd earned funds.  This also brought about loss of faith and trust in the commercial banks by Nigerians.

However, even with the introduction of the first banking ordinance in 1952 and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) ordinance in 1958 to regulate and control the activities of commercial and merchant banks in the country, fraud and malpractice have increased in size and the method used required greater sophistication by the day.

Fraud in our banks invoices summary techniques or forms such as: forgeries of bank instruments like: drafts, cheque, vouchers, letter of authority, falsification of accounts and records and cash fraud, from past records the assumptions is that dishonest or misappropriation or rather fraud in which ever form, succeed only with the aid of bank employees who conceives with disguised customers wearing innocent faces inefficiency and negligence in terms of leadership or supervisory roles on the part of the bank officials constitute yet another handicap through which dishonesty, fraud perse prevail or succeed in our banks.  This can manifest as prescribed by the industry.

Presently, with the instruction of modern banking proceeding improved communication system, automotive electric gadgets and computers into banking industry, frauds have rather gone nuclear dimension inspire of the wonderful nature of the computer and all the precautionary measure taken by banks to prevent fraud in their banks.  The amount involved in fraud nowadays have increased in geometric progression Olaleya Amupiten in his written  on ‘obstacles to growth of banking industry” said that “it was discovered during investigation that banks now take extra precaution before clearing a cheque because of rampant incident of frauds and forgeries, which a bank loss placed on the average of N1 million per each working day of the year in Nigeria.

Banking in a bid to reduce the incessant occurrence of frauds in their banks, now take adequate precautionary measures before clearing cheque drawn on their customers accounts.  Those adequate precautionary measures gives rise to another problem facing commercial banks that is the problem of time wastage in the banking halls.  Ashimi Kola in  his article also said that customers wait a minimum of about two hours in the banking halls of Nigerian banks to cash their money.  This has been one of it’s most legitimate criticism of the quality of baking services.  The checking process is long and by the time a cheque is released to the cashier for payment the customer is frustrated and perhaps had fallen asleep.  This calls for an overall of the checking and control system.

The above gives light of the general situation of things commercial banks. Fraud is therefore a major enemy to all concerned with the growth and development of our banks.  The intention of this researcher work is therefore, aimed at the identification of the causes of fraud.

In our banks, the effects or consequences of banks fraud in Nigeria economy and also to recommend more functional measures that will help in the minimization and control of frauds.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In recent times, bank frauds dominate the front pages of our

daily newspapers, such striking and easily recalled to the mind headlines include. “cashier nabbed over N80,000”  “accountant arrested and two escaped”, and three forfeit N3million, “men of “419” invaded banks”, “large scale fraud in banks”, just to mention but a few.

The industry has continued to witness increased numbers of frauds and malpractice with varying degree of sophistication.  It was reported by the

THE RAMIFIED FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCEPT OF PROFITABILITY AS A GUIDE TO POLICY DECISION IN ACCOUNTING

A CASE STUDY OF SOME MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN OSHIMY SOUTH L.G.A OF DELTA STATE

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

ABSTRACT

Before I delve into this issue, Let us look from the realistic  pomt of view, the concept of profitability- it can be seen as that concepts which provides management with  alternatives course of action according in the various degree of profitability, stating dearly in relevant cost accounting from the costs and benefit associated with individual projects which enables management to the most profitable. Majority of the policy decision of manufacturing industries are generally directed towards profitability. Policy  decisions made under  this concept has direct effect on increasing and enhancing the  general profitability of the manufacture industry  concerned.

Unfortunately, this laudable guide has been relegated  to supportive role in some manufacturing  industries because of certain  factors million against . Such factors have in most cases affected the profit position of industries and in extreme cases to huge losses, which sometime ding such companies involved for unexpected liquidation.

Hence, this project work tried to know those factors affecting the concept and respective effects on the profit position of the selected industries.

In view of covering the three dimensional focus  of the research the project focused on three major areas:

1. The exogenous factors affecting the concept of profitability.
2. The endogenous factors affecting the concept of profitability.
3. The political factors affecting the concept of profitability.

These three areas combined to give a broader view of the factors militating against the concepts of profitability.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                                                         10

• Background of study 12
• Statement of study 14
• Purpose of study 14
• Scope and limitation of study 15
• Definition of terms 16

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

DEFINITIONS/FUNCTIONS                                                                      18

• Cost 19
• Material costing 19
• Labour costing 20
• Factory overhead 20
• Costing method 21

 

CHAPTER THREE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS/CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION                                                                                 30

3.1     Finding                                                                                                  30

3.2     Conclusion/Recommendation                                                                36

Bibliography                                                                                          44

Appendix.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The concept of profitability can be defined as that concept which provides management with alte4rnative course of action according to the various degrees of profitability stating dearly in relevant cost accounting forms, the costs and benefits associated with individual project which enable management for select the most profitable.

It is obvious that majority of the policy decisions of manufacting industries are generally directed towards profitability. The policy decision made under this concept has direct impacts on increasing and enhancing the general profitability of the  manifesting industries concerned.

The origin of this concept can be traced back to era of industrial revolution most business grew from the usual family arrangement to large groups. Resources were pulled together and  handed out to other people to manage for the real owners.

Naturally, resources owners must expect a profitable return from their investments. The urgent obligation forced  management to seek ways of carrying the activities so as to make profitable reforms to the resource owners.  The growth and completing in the individual sectors gave rise to the needs for policy statement or decision on certain issues. Materials must have to be bought in enough quantity to avoid stock out and at the same turn check over stocking.

Labour which is one of the factors of production, must be allowed to operate in a conducive environment so as to reap the benefit of hiring labour. Prior to communication general ecological consideration must reviewed. There after site is augured structures erected, machine and equipment installed.

One take of the manifesting industry must more the champing technology, meet its social responsibilities, operates under government regulations, pay tax as of and when due, meet the expectations of the shareholders. Moreover, high administrative cost of champing technology, herce competitions, cost of government restichons, poor capital base and the needs for maximization of shareholdes wealth must be highlighted and adjusted in such a way that the total cost of manufacturing a product will not only be less than sales revenues but also gives a good profit margin.

 

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The nature of this research work required theoretical approach and analysis which will cover the three dimension focus of the research.

 

The research focused on three major areas:-

1. The endogenous factors affecting the concept of profitability as a guide to policy decisions.
2. The exogenous factors affecting the concept and

iii. The political factors.

The study of these factors will help the researcher to determine the effects of these factors on the profit position and make subsegment recommendation. The frame work for analyzing the factors affecting the concept of profitability were:

 

1.11   EXOGENOUS FACTORS

1. Theory of location of industry which states that nearness to raw materials, availability of labour affects the profitability of manufacturing industries e.g the location of extractive industries depends on where the raw materials are to be
2. Theory of nearness to market: Heavy goods are expansive to transfer or transport.  Because of this, the theory therefore states that such goods be produced new the market.

• Other general economic factors: There must be a ready transport facility for movement of both raw materials and finished goods.

1. Location of other industries: industries are set up near others in order to take advantage of external economics, an industry enjoyed being close to other industries in the same business or trade.

 

1.12   ENDOGENOUS FACTORS

There emphasis on the theory of operations management which is of the view that workers have the same objectives with that of management and work towards common ends of management which assumes a responsible attitude towards organizational decision making proce

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

(A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                       1

• Back Ground of the study 1
• Statement of the problem 4
• Purpose of study 5
• Scope of the study 6
• Research question 6
• Null Hypothesis (H0₁) 7
• The significant of the study 8
• Definition of terms 9

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review                                                                        11

2.1     The effect of lack of good relationship between

supervisors and their subordinates on the overall

performance of union bank                                               11

2.2     The effect of staff resignation on bank services                 18

2.3     The effect of staff involvement in fraudulent

activities on the banking sector                                25

2.4     The impact of industrial relations on bank services  30

2.5     Summary of the overage literature review                         32

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology                                                                34

• Research design 34
• Area of the study 34
• Population of the study 34
• Sample and sampling procedure 34
• Instrument for data collection 35
• Validity and reliability of the instrument 36
• Administration of instrument 37
• Method of data analysis 37

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation and results

Summary of results/findings                                              39

CHAPTER FIVE

• Discussion, implication and recommendation 51
  • Discussion of findings 51
  • Conclusion 55
  • Implication of the results 56
  • Recommendations 57
  • Suggestions for further researcher 58
  • Limitations of the study. 59

Reference                                                                 60

Appendix                                                                 61

 

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1     Response analysis on Research question 1 to what extent do you agree on the existence of good relationship between Junior and Senior Staff of UBN plc?

Table 4.2     Test of Hypothesis 1.

Table 4.3     response analysis on research question 2, to what extent do you agree on resources adequate in  Union Bank for job satisfaction and motivation as it regards to the problem of bank staff resignation?

Table  4.4    Test of Hypothesis 2

Table 4.5     Response analysis on Research question 3, what are the general causes of bank staff involvement in fraudulent activities?

Table 4.6     Test of hypothesis 3

Table 4.7     response analysis on research question it, what is the position of industrial relationship in commercial Banks with particular reference to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc Enugu.

Table 4.8     Test of Hypothesis

 

ABSTRACT

This is a research work on human resources management in commercial banks a case study of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc.  It is aimed at ascertaining the extent of staff welfare, their training and development, and how it affects the growth of the bank.  Important of the study is to enable the bank render good and efficient services to their customers.  This could be done when the management might have identified and complied with areas of the work force that needed urgent attention. The findings are:

a.               There are good relationship between senior and junior staff of UBN Plc Enugu.

b.              There is no significance difference on the resources adequacy for job satisfaction and motivation as it regards to the problem of bank staff resignation.

c.               There is no significance difference on the general causes of bank staff involvement in fraudulent activities.

d.              There is no significance difference on the position of good industrial relation between senior and junior staff of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc Enugu.

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Human resources management conters on the modern world of work with the emphasis on people which are the most critical and differentiating  resources for achieving future desired by every organization.  Labour being the production for not only the future success but also for the reinvention of organization.

For over the years the issue of manpower’s care and development had received and continued to receive less attention from the management of most organizations, inspire of th evital role they play in the realization f the firm’s objectives.

In some of the organizations, the staff are not paid as at when due, some work late hours after the closure of work without overtime payment, while some serve for many years without promotion.  Thus resulting in port attitude to work by the affected staff.  When you observe some able bodied youthful individuals wearing a sullen look, typists sleeping o their typewriters, secretaries enageing in idle gossip with other colleagues, middle management engaging in chat over groundnuts, bananas and oranges and in some cases reading their handouts, it shows they are not satisfied on their job.  This equally convinces one that  there is the need for better human resources management and utilization.

The banking industry especially Union Bank of Nigeria Plc., is not left out in this trend.  Here emphasis is placed on capital and material resources instead of human beings.  This is evident when there is a robbery incident in any of the branches and money is removed the management will not be concerned about the safety and or welfare of the affected staff.  Instead they will be seriously disturbed about the cash and equipment stolen by the bandits, despite the fact that staff may have gotten some bullet wounds.  Often times in such situations, the management will lock-up some staff with the police while investigation are carried out as for when and how the incident occurred.  Again there is this jargon in the bank which says “Cash Firs” showing that cash and other resources are proffered to human beings.

Some members of management recommend only their relations for further training or promotion at the expense of other staff. Most of the staff stay over 8 years without promotion and self actualization does not receive immediate reward.  Some work very late in the office daily without proceeding on annual leave, thus resulting frequent visits to hospitals, and the resultant increase in staff medical bills.  Some managers lack the required motivate employees.  For this reason, people behave as they like, absenteism, poor attitude to work, and strike actions become the order of the day.  Some of the staff who could not endure this ugly phenomenon are forced by circumstance to resign their appointment.  These posted for counter services pay less attention to the customers, hence they keep them waiting longer than necessary.

Poor supervision is practiced in every department and the supervisor is most unwilling to supervise.  He has a non-chalet attitude to his work, consequently the entire organization suffer some commercial banks maltreat their work force by embarking on outright sack of their members of staff, thus leaving them in the labour market without money, gratuity, and without hope.   In such a place, job insecurity abounds as workers discharges their duties with fear.  They are in constant fear and doubt as to whether services will still be needed in the next hour.

In 1998, Union Bank embarked on a re-engineering and repositioning exercise where in they instituted a voluntary retirement scheme which was the exit of 2500 staff of the Bank.  Though this scheme favoured the staff concerned, these therefore left the bank with few workers to attend to the numerous banking activities consequently, counter services become so tasking that one person now do the work originally meant for three persons before the reengineering exercise.

It is generally believed that banking enjoy good working conditions, and are well cared for in all its ramifications.  But one would want to know the truth in this assertion.  What really is the position of  human resources management in commercial Banks especially union Banks of Nigeria?

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

          The human resources factor is indeed an essential factor in the making of any business organization.  But unfortunately, this all important resources inspite of the vital role it plays in the realization of the firms objectives, is being neglected as more emphasis is placed on capital and material resources instead of on human beings.  In Union Bank of Nigeria the same problem of staff neglect inadequate care for staff, and constant conflict between superiors a

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN THE CONTROL OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE

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How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
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5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
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8. Keystone Bank:
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To know your BVN, dial
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E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

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CHAPTER ONE  –       INTRODUCTION                                 1

• GENERAL MEANING OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTING 1
• DEFINITION OF TERMS 1
• SOURCES OF MONEY INTO PUBLIC ACCOUNT 3

CHAPTER TWO –       LITERATURE REVIEW

• AREAS OF EXPENDITURE FROM PUBLIC ACCOUNTS 7
• TYPES OF ACCOUNTING OFFICERS IN THE PUBLIC 10
• THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING OFFICERS IN THE CONTROL OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE 13
• PROBLEMS HINDERING ACCOUNTANTS FROM IMPLEMENTING EFFECTIVE CONTROL                           16
• SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE SOLUTION OF

THESE PROBLEMS                                                          17

CHAPTER THREE

• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 21
• RECOMMENDATION 22

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                               26

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   GENERAL MEANING OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTING

In the public sector organization exhibit a variety of social economic, political and legal characteristics. They have different pattern of accountability. They have different objectives and are financial in many ways. They also have different organizational structure.

Generally, public accounting may be defined as  a composite activity of collecting, analyzing, recording, summarizing and interpretation of the financial transactions of the government units.

 

1.2   DEFINITION OF TERMS

ACCOUNTING: It may be defined as a systematic means of writing an economic history and plans of organization in both quantities and financial manner so that facts can be revealed and property analyzing such facts for the purpose of advising management.

ACCOUNT PERIOD: This is a period of the time usually one year at the end of which financial statements are prepared.

CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY (CPA): A professional accountant who has passed a professional examination obtained practical experience and satisfied other requirement, an is certified by the estate to practice public accounting including the auditing of a financial statement of organization.

BUDGET: A balance sheet of estimate revenue and expenditure designed for financing an entity for a future period.

EXPENDITURE: The use of to pay for an expense for the acquisition of an asset for the repayment of a debt or for any other business purpose.

REVENUE: This is the increase in owner’s equity or capital resulting from earnings.

 

 

 

1.3   SOURCES OF MONEY INTO PUBLIC ACCOUNTS

The revenues of fund are the life-wire of any successful undertaking not only for the private sector but also for the public sector. The function which government must perform can only be discharged with resources in the form of money.

The various categories of sources of money for government pursues are as follows:

1. TAXATION: It is the compulsory levy, which the government imposes on the income of the individuals and incorporate establishments for fund raising purposes.
2. FESS, FINES, AND SPECIFIC CHARGES: These are income derived from payment for the use of public services eg. Vehicles license, water bill, tool fees, electricity bills, stamp duties and so on.
3. RENT, PROFITS AND RAYALTIES: These are income received from the use of government property, profit from government business establishment and income from mining tights.
4. LOANS: These are income assistance received from other countries. It is also incomes generated by borrowing from private individuals or from countries to finance projects.
5. GRANTS: These are financial assistance received from other countries or from international organization. Internally government could receive grants from patriotic citizens and establishment.
6. LAUNCHING: The Nigerian government often times organize fund raising launching wealthy individuals and corporate bodies donate generously towards finding of government projects.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Scale the mid 19^th century, the role of the accountant has grown from the simple reporting of historical data to complex advising on all types of business decisio