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CONTRIBUTION OF SMALL-SCALE BUSINESS TO NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

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CONTRIBUTION OF SMALL-SCALE BUSINESS TO    NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

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ABSTRACT

This paper analyzed the contribution of small-scale business to National Economic Growth and Development in the Country.  It also paid attention to the foundling of these enterprises. Where as failure of the large-scale import department assembly to propel the country into a satisfactory course of industrialization necessitate the demagnification of strategy to embrace the promotion of small-scale enterprises achievement under the new strategy has not been adequate with expectations of the stated objectives which were economic growth and development through the mobilization of available local resources, employment generation and industrial dispersal as well as mitigation of rural urban migration.

 

This paper identified this lack of list achievement with problems associated with severe lack of managerial and technical skills among Nigerian small-scale industrialists, inadequate of financial resources as well as infrastructural deficiencies.  Chapter one contains a general discussion of the contribution of small-scale business to economic growth and development as seen by different people.  It went further to state the problem to be studied and why this study was carried out, the scope and limitation of the study and finally the proposition and the definition of terms.

 

 

A number of past related literature examined by other studies as it relates to the contribution of small-scale business in Nigeria are highlighted in chapter two. Chapter three deals with the design of the study, the methods used in collecting relevant data.  It also deals with way the questionnaires were  distributed and the treatment of data, and statistical techniques used.

The data got from the research survey were analysed and interpreted.  Also similar questions on both questionnaires were compared in chapter four.

Finally, the summary of findings conclusion in the research and recommendation made by the researcher are all in chapter five.

If small-scale business will put the recommendation on how to achieve economic growth and development to use, such as increasing availability of credit by raising interest rate ceiling and permitting a “spread” that makes it worthwhile for banks to lend to small-scale business or by increasing the number and range of investment etc. problems of small-scale business will be a thing of the past.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background to the study

1.2            Statement of problem

1.3            Need for the study

1.4            Purpose of study

1.5            Scope of the study

1.6            Limitation of the study

1.7            Hypothesis

1.8            Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1            Nature and scope of small-scale business

2.2            Factors that effect small-scale business

2.3            The role of small-scale business in economic growth

2.4            Starting a small business

2.5            Government policies for promoting small-scale business

2.6            The economic imperative of small business development in Nigeria

2.7            Importance of small business enterprises

2.8            Advantages of small-scale business

2.9            Advantages of self employment

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1            Design of the study/methodology

3.2            Population for the study

3.3            Development of research materials

3.4            Research procedure

3.5            Analysis of data

3.6            Statistical techniques.

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1            Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

4.2            Test of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1            Summary of findings

5.2            Conclusion

5.3            Recommendation

5.4            Suggestion for further research

5.5            Bibliography

5.6            Appendix

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The contribution of small –scale business in fostering economic growth and development has been well articulated in different areas of this study .the specific attention on them based on their expected impact and potential contribution on broad and diversified production base, as well as their accelerate effect in achieving macro objectives pertaining to full employment, income distribution and the development of local technology.  They are particularly most conducive for diffusion of management skills and emulation of indigenous entrepreneurship overtime.

 

Small business provides financial opportunity and a chance to develop wealth.  It is a place where creative, motivated individuals can use their talents and expertise to the fullest, because it provides satisfying carecrs  and job opportunities and its also the back bone of the market economy of the word.  Every big business starts as a small business, and it started with an entrepreneur (small business), who at first, earns little or no profit.  It was the new ideas of small business that brought about Ekene Dili Chwkwu Transport, the FAN Milk, Nnewi “Tokumbo” parts, and even the many commercial banks in Nigeria.  Untried ideas become annulations that become concepts that changed the business world. And so it goes.  Small business is the basis for the economic well being many developed nations including USA/Japan.

 

Entrepreneurship is what makes a small business successful.  Entrepreneurship occurs when an individual develops a new venture, a new approach to an old business or idea, or a unique way of giving the market place a product or service by using resources in a new way under conditions of risk.  Small business triumphs and entrepreneurship are closely related to it.  It is difficult to separate them.

 

The unemployment situation in the country coupled with the new government instinctive towards easing social tensions among unemployed youths, through the programme of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE), were intended to lure a lot of unemployed Nigerians, including graduates into self determination through self employment.  Graduates and school leavers are now realizing that government and the established private companies are not ready to come to their aid directly, through paid employment due to the dividing state of the economy.  Short of the alternatives, Nigerians including our graduates are therefore launching themselves into various small-scale business ventures, such as cottage soap and cosmetics production, fairing, restaurants, fast food, publishing, writing, block making, garri processing, food processing, refuse disposal, taxi driving, cleaning services, weaving, baking tailoring, advertising and other same business venture which depends mostly on local raw materials.  The determination to succeed is also fast becoming the order of the day.

Government has been playing appreciative tole in promoting the survival and growth of small-scale enterprise in recognition of them flexible and adaptive nature as well as their re-generative power in promoting economic growth and development.  Government also encourage people to establish their own small business so as to reduce the problem of unemployment in the country and also reduce the problem of importation of goods, more so, to produce exportation products.

Government in believing that a dynamic and growing small manufacturing sub-sector can contribute significantly to the implementation of a wide range development effective, has thus enunciated various policies to encourage their proliferation and make them veritable engines of growth and development.  In the third and for the development plans and the on-going three years rolling plan, priority has been accorded industrialization with greater emphasis on small-scale enterprises.  The basic activities of government policies as maintained in the monetary and fiscal policy measures, are to improve the financing and other supportive services of small-scale business by expanding and improving access to credit and infrastructural facilities, reducing their production costs, boosting their profitability, enhancing their survival and growth capacities as well as expanding their contributions to non-oil exports by making their products competitive in the export markets.

Hardly could any major industry succeed without the services of small-business enterprise. The major goals of any profit oriented business is to make profit.  A company will make more profit if statistics it’s customers need better them the competitors.  There fore in the contribution of small-scale business, bakeries would produce what the customers want and by so doing they maximize profit and only bakeries that are effective and efficient can satisfy customers needs.  In reality, it is possible to run a business without profit for a time, but it is not possible for to survive for one day without customers.  Customers are the central theme of any business.  Without a total commitment to them, contribution to economic growth and development will have limited and brief effects.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

          Bakery is in the production industry the quality of products rendered by our Bakeries have been attracting criticisms from people in all works of life.  The civil servants, business men and the general public are all very critical of production of cookies like bread, chi-chin, cake, meat pie, bons etc.  the  complaints ranges from those of poor quality of products, poor packages, high prices, poor delivery, shortage of skilled manpower which affects productivity and restrain expansivion the use of potassium bromated which National Agency for food and Drug Administration Commission (NAFDAC) banned for health purpose.

 

Most bakeries do not put their customers in the prime place as they supposed to be.  There is now keen competition and to compete means to contribute to economic growth and development.  Dickson (1971:4), agreed with this view when he said that small scale enterprises are ploughed by inadequacies and serious mis-uses of business records and business information.  The problem of poor or wrong location of an industry affects its production.  Such as nearness to raw materials, market, sources of power and access to supply of labour and transport facilities etc.

 

Government incentive in industries has previously directed to public investment neglecting private initiative.  But a diversified and self-sufficient economy must take into consideration the importance of private sector in capital formation.

 

 

1.3     NEED FOR THE STUDY

There have been criticisms about the bakery industries in the way they render services to their customers. i.e.  they do not see the customers as king lot in terms of national output and employment.  Moreover, Nigeria has various policies on small-scale enterprises in recent National development plan and also in the structural Adjustment programme (SAP).  The researcher wants to carryout a research on what bakeries do and the role they play in economic growth and development the resucher also wants to have an idea base either to support all the sources about the poor impression people have on how to improve their production so as to contribute effectively in national economic growth and development.

 

Bakeries can do a more individualized jobs for customers and thereby attract them on the basis of specialty product quality and personal services rather than on the impersonal of price or mass production of largely identical business.  Based on the above, the need for studying this topic is to show the effectiveness of small-scale business in national economic growth and development.

 

 

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AN EVALUATION OF PRIVATIZATION PROGRAMME AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA

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AN EVALUATION OF PRIVATIZATION PROGRAMME AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY NIGERIA PLC)

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ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
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Account Name: 3059320631

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1            Introduction-        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        1

1.2            Historical background of study-       –        –        –        –        –        1

1.3            Statement of problems- –        –        –        –        –        –        9

1.4            Significance of Study-    –        –        –        –        –        –        10

1.5            Objective of study-        –        –        –        –        –        –        10

1.6            Hypothesis-          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        12

1.7            Scope and Limitations of the study- –        –        –        –        12

1.8            Definition of terms-       –        –        –        –        –        –        13

CHAPTER TWO- Literature review

2.0            Introduction-        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        15

2.1            Theoretical Framework –        –        –        –        –        –        17

2.2            Historical Background of Privatization      –        –        –        34

2.3            Policies of Privatization of Commercialization in Nigeria                 44

2.4            Reasons for Privatization and Commercialization –       –        –        56

2.5            Problems of Privatization and Commercialization in Nigeria 58

2.6            The Gains of Privatization and Commercialization in Nigeria          64

2.7            Conclusion –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        67

CHAPTER THREE – Research Methodology

3.1            Research Design – –        –        –        –        –        –        –        68

3.2            Research Population and sample Size –                –        –        68

3.3            Instrument for Data Collection         –        –        –        –        –        69

3.4            Justification of method Used   –        –        –        –        –        70

3.5            Method of Data Analysis        –        –        –        –        –        71

3.6            Justification for the Instrument Used  –      –        –        –        73

CHAPTER FOUR – Presentation and Data Analysis

4.1            Introduction-        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        73

4.2            Data Presentation and Analysis  –     –        –        –        –        73

4.0            Summary of the finding-         –        –        –        –        –        –        82

4.1            Test of hypothesis-        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        56

 

CHAPTER FIVE – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1            Summary –  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        86

5.2            Conclusion-          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        87

5.3            Recommendations–       –        –        –        –        –        –        88

Bibliography-       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        91

Appendix I

Appendix II

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has become a key component of the structural reform process and globalization strategy in many economies. Several developing and transition economies have embarked on extensive privatization and commercialization programmes in the last one and a half decades or so, as a means of fostering economic growth, attaining macroeconomic stability, and reducing public sector borrowing requirements arising from corruption, subsidies and subventions to unprofitable SOEs. By the end of 1996, all but five countries in Africa had divested some public enterprises within the framework of macroeconomic reform and liberalization (White and Bhatia, 1998).

In line with the trend worldwide, the spate of empirical works on privatization has also increased, albeit with a microeconomic orientation that emphasizes efficiency gains (La Porta and López-de-Silanes, 1997; D’Souza and Megginson, 1999; Boubakri and Cosset, 1998; Dewenter and Malatesta, 2001). Yet despite the upsurge in research, our empirical knowledge of the privatization programme in Africa is limited. Aside from theoretical predictions, not much is known about the process and outcome of privatization exercises in Africa in spite of the impressive level of activism in its implementation.

Current research is yet to provide useful insights into the peculiar circumstances of Africa, such as the presence of embryonic financial markets and weak regulatory institutions and the manner in which they influence the pace and outcome of privatization efforts. Most objective observers agree, however, that the high expectations of the 1980s about the “magical power” of privatization bailing Africa out of its quagmire remain unrealized (Adam et al., 1992; World Bank, 1995; Ariyo and Jerome, 1999; Jerome, 2005).

As in most developing countries, Nigeria until recently witnessed the growing involvement of the state in economic activities. The expansion of SOEs into diverse economic activities was viewed as an important strategy for fostering rapid economic growth and development. This view was reinforced by massive foreign exchange earnings from crude oil, which fuelled unbridled Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) investment in public enterprises. Unfortunately, most of the enterprises were poorly conceived and economically inefficient. They accumulated huge financial losses and absorbed a disproportionate share of domestic credit. By l985, they had become an unsustainable burden on the budget.

With the adoption of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in 1986, privatization of public enterprises came to the forefront as a major component of Nigeria’s economic reform process at the behest of the World Bank and other international organizations

1.1.1  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY          NIGERIA

A major energy product which has emerged from the development of Nigeria’s energy resources is electricity. Although at independence in 1960 the country inherited a rudimentary electric power generation and distribution system under the Electricity Corporation of Nigeria (ECN) and later changed to NEPA.

Nigeria’s Electric Grid is being run on hydroelectric and thermal plants. The former are predominantly utilized in the northern part of Nigeria while the later which are fueled by petroleum appear to be largely favoured in the southern parts. The disadvantages of these approaches become evident in the harmattan seasons when the water level drops and in the chronic spate of fuel scarcity.

Nigeria has about 5,900MW of installed electric generating capacity consisting of 3 hydro-based stations and 5 thermal power plants. Nigeria faces a serious energy crisis due to declining electricity generation from the power plants. Power outages are frequent and the power sector operates well below its capacity. NEPA is in charge of a sector which is grossly inefficient.

The Nigerian government has set a 10,000MW target capacity for electricity generation by 2007 as a way of increasing power supply which has been epileptic over a long period.

When the present administration came on board in May of 1999 one of the first tasks it undertook was to charge the then Minister of Power and Steel to put an end to power outages. The minister wasted no time in making some necessary changes in the composition of NEPA. NEPA was reconstituted and new appointments were made bringing a team of specialists and technocrats to replace most of the politically appointed members of the management board. Yet the country recorded no significant improvement in its power sector. Indeed somewhat that the situation got much worse.

A new technical board directly answerable to Mr. President under the chairmanship of senator Liyel Imoke was appointed in 2006 to oversee the administration of NEPA and its eventual privatization. An improvement is still yet to be seen.

On July, 1st 2006, NEPA was transformed to PHCN in line with the on-going government power sector reform programme.

The Nigeria Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) was thereby established under the Electric Power Sector Reforms Act 2005 to provide regulatory oversight in electricity sector. PHCN was set up to have a life span of one year after which successor companies owned by private operations would take over from the firm. But, however, exactly a year after the company was established and the exact date it was scheduled to cease to exist, nothing happened.

Part of the efforts to realize this ambition is the on going power plants construction in different parts of the country. Ten power stations are in the pipeline. They include the 414MW Geregu power station in Kogi State, 335MW Omotosho Gas Turbine Power Station in Ondo State, 335MW Papalanto Thermal Station in Ogun State, all these are at various stages of completion. Others include the Mambilla Station in Taraba State, a 250MW in Calabar, a 500MW plant in Eyaea, Edo State, a 270MW in Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, a 500MW in Sapele, Delta State and a 230MW plant in Omoku, River State. The existing power stations and their installed capacities are Egbin Thermal Statio, Lagos (1320MW) Afam Thermal Station, Delta State (1020MW) Ijoro Thermal Plant, Lagos (40MW), Kainji Hydro Station, Niger State (760MW), Jebba Hydro Station, Niger State (578MW) and Shiroro Hydro, Niger State (600MW). But the actual power capacity currently generating in the country is presumed to be below 4000MW.

The country’s power generating potential is said to be the highest in Africa. This is attributed to her abundant natural resources. With natural gas reserve of about 188 trillion cubic feet, the country has enough associated gas potential to power the biggest thermal station in Africa. While other countries are busy encouraging investment in nuclear power in addition to the sources of energy. Nigeria is still struggling to meet the areas other countries have left behind. South Africa for instance has hit a power generating capacity of 26,000MW and is planning to construct additional 5,000MW by 2010. 4000MW is not enough for the country and the projected target of 10,000MW of electricity in 2007 might be hampered. There is still over dependence on the aged plants and obsolete equipment, and also the incessant vandalization of election cables nationwide

POWER HOLDING COMPANY OF NIGERIA PLC DOKA BUSINESS UNIT

ORGANOGRAM OF THE BUSINESS UNIT                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

SOURCE: PHCN          Brochure, 2008                                                                                                             

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The first problem recorded with the privatization programme in Nigeria was lack of relevant fundamental economic environment needed before taking off. Some public enterprises that were not ripe enough in terms of competitiveness were privatized. Consideration was not given to capable buyers but to political cronies who could not successfully manage their new enterprises. This led to closure of some of these privatized firms. Lack of transparency in the entire sales has shown up its negative repercaution.

It is reported that privatized firms in Nigeria are refusing monitoring by Bureau of Public Enterprises. In this wise there has been no substantial studies on the operational activities of the privatized firms. The expected difference in the perception of efficiency after privatization could not be proved. In all, it is therefore difficult to identify the performing and non-performing privatized firms.

Among the pertinent issues to be addressed are: What is the extent and pattern of privatization and commercialization? What have been the results of privatization in Nigeria? Has privatization and commercialization improved enterprise performance as anticipated? Finally, what policy lessons are to be learned from the privatization experience so far? These are the issues that come into focus in the study.

1.3     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study are

  1.                          i.                  To assess the effort of privatization in Nigeria, by examining the antecedent, pattern, volume and status of privatization undertaken so far.
  2.                        ii.                  Find out the prospects and problems of the implementation of the privatization programme on public enterprises.
  3.                     iii.                  Find out to what extend the programme can be able to get rid of ineffectiveness and inefficiency of public enterprises.
  4.                     iv.                  Find out its possibilities of fostering development on the Nigeria economy.
  5.                        v.                  Find out if will improve the welfare and standard of public workers.

1.4            SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Continue reading AN EVALUATION OF PRIVATIZATION PROGRAMME AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA →

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THE IMPACT OF THE PRUDENTIAL GUIDELINES IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY

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THE IMPACT OF THE PRUDENTIAL GUIDELINES IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY

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ABSTRACT

          This project work is aimed at giving an insight of what the prudential guidelines on insurance companies hold for the industry in the nearest future.

It is centered on the impact of issued guideline by the various regulatory bodies like the insurance.  Decree of 1976 and 1991 and the establishment of the various bodies like the NISB and others.

It also examine the performance apprisal of the insurance companies with a view of improving revenue profits, identifying the problems faced as a result of this prudential guidelines issued.

Hence the need to finding lasting solution to sanitize the insurance industry to bring about a more better future for its existence.

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction 1

1.1     Background of study                                                       2

  • Statement of problems 3
  • Objective of study 4
  • Significance of the study 5
  • Scope limitation and delimitation 6
  • Research Hypothesis                                                    8
  • Definition of terms 9

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of Related Literature 13

2.1     Objectives of insurance regulations                              15

  • Insurance Decree of 1976 17
  • Insurance Decree No 58 of 1991 17
  • Insurance Association 18
  • Brief History of Insurable interest 27
  • Claims settlement 29

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research Design And Methodology 52

3.1     Data source                                                                     52

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Presentation and analysis of data 58

4.1     Introduction                                                                      58

  • Presentation of Question 58
  • Analysis of Data 68

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.O    Summary of Findings                                                      76

  • Decision of Findings 78
  • Conclusion 79
  • Recommendation 81

 

Bibliography/References                                                83

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

          Insurance companies deal principally money and property.

According to Brettl. J. the subject matter of insurance is money and money only.  They act as mobilizers of funds from surplus units and channel them to deficit units.

This channeling can be refered to as indemnity.

This can be put in another way, that the primary purpose traditionally of insurance to spread the financial losses of insured members over the whole of the insuring uncertainty by compensating the unfortunate few from the contributions of all members.

Premium changed by the insurance company is its primary sources of manning income, therefore the insurance companies help on premium for its insured or person, financial rights or liability to mention but a few.

However, the financial compensation promised by the insurer is what is called the subject matter of the contract.

Insurance contract is subject to the general Principles of Nigerian Law of Contract as in any other commercial activity.  It these principles that makes for its validity.  Not only does it affect insurance but it operates in every other commercial aspect of life.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The role of insurance as one of the major economic activities of a nation has long received would acclamation.  It is not a dispute that insurance has attained a high degree of commercial sophistication.

Insurance business plays a major role in shaping the economic furtunes of the business enterprise institutions and individuals.

The economic profits of any country usually has an impact on both cost and benefits of insurance.  Thus one should consider the examination of the subject of insurance regulation timely in view of current economic climate.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

It has been a concern within the insurance industry on the introduction of the prudential guidelines, as it affects the performance appraisal of the insurance companies.

This research work is geared towards investigating the impact of this guideline as it affects the insurance industry in Nigerian.

In 19

accounting project topics and material preview

COMMUNITY BANKING PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

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COMMUNITY BANKING PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

(A CASSE STUDY OF EKULU COMMUNITY BANK IN ENUGU STATE)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

CHAPTER ONE:

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

2.2 CONCEPT OF THE COMMUNITY BANK

2.3 COMMUNITIES BANKING IN NIGERIA

2.4 GOVERNMENT POLICY ON COMMUNITY BANKING

2.5 PHASE O RURAL BANKING

2.6PROBLEMS OF COMMUNITY BANKING

2.7 ACHIEVEMENT OF COMMUNITY BANKING

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.2 SOURCE OF DATA

3.3 PRIMARY

3.4 SECONDARY DATA

3.5 SAMPLE USED

3.6 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.2 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.3 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

5.2 CONCLUSION

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX / QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

This project is poised at x-raying the degree of the role of financial management in a co-operate organization making reference to union bank (Plc) Enugu. Financial management activity is concern with the raising of capital planning cash and credit control including the effective control of financial resources. Some thought were giving to financial activity to provide planning, control and execution of financial activity. The practice management are interest in this subject because among the most crucial decision of he firm are those which relates to the finance and therefore need to understand the financial management which provide them with conceptual and analytical insight to make these decision. The financial must take step to ensure that fund will be actually available and committed to the firm. The financial manager is usually responsible of he gathering and analyzing of the relevant information, making forecast of the profit level to estimate profit from the future sale, the firm must be aware of the current cost and the most likely changes in the ability of the firm to sale its product as planned.

 

The financial manager must measure the requirement return of its capital investment by answering this questions; dose the level of return offer adequate justify and that Of risk therein? H e is required to know the rate of return that is expected from the proposal before it is accepted. The financial personnel meet with other officer of the form and anticipate in making decision affecting the current and future utilization of the fund resource. The manager will discuses the total amount of asset needed by the firm to carry out its operation and determine the decomposition on need. They identify ways to use the existing asset mostly effectively and thereby reducing waste and needed expense. The decision making role cause liquidity and profitability

The role of financial management in managing the funds available o the firm. The fund include cash held by the firm, money borrowed and money gained from the

Purchase of common stock and preferred stock. The financial management is responsible for having sufficient for the firm to conduct its business and pay its bill and a lot of money to finance the receivable and invention making arrangement for the purchase of asset and identify sources of long term financing, in fact this study is aimed at the information on the role of financial manager in any organization to foster his performance  in the following .

Forecasting on the financial planning and control financial analysis . Working credit capital. Stock cash receivable market and structure medium short and long term success of fund and evaluation of stock and cost of capital financing. Divided policy and techniques of r capital investment analysis.

 

This issue of whether this state role of the financial manager is executed or not in case to be investigated by the research is in the following perspective,

  • Budgeting and financial analysis
  • Management of short, medium and long term financing
  • Financial ratio and planning
  • Managing and financial structure

 

The researcher will analysis the financial concept using the annalistically tools and techniques obtained from the organization answer receive from the questionnaire to unfold the financial managers decision on financial matters.

 

It hope that the project will attained the standard required by all the examining bodies and also satisfy the curiosity of the general leading public who may have the desire to become acquainted.

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria, it can be said that the activity of the stabilize banking in the rural area is such that the branches were beguiled by the rules, traditions and policies of the headquarters. But relative to the commercial bank, community bank were opened in the rural area to meet the financial needs of the occupants by mobilizing their resources into current and saving account. This in turn within the resources of the banking institution can concerned with the cr3eatrion of credit for the rural dwellers for the purpose of increasing their production activity either as individual or a group of industrialist, farmers or o-operative society, the Nigeria banking system, its operation, location service in pre – 1977 were concentrated in the urban areas of the country and this brought the concentration of economic activity on the urban areas at the detriment of the rural communities. However, the reason for establishing banks in the rural area was because of lack infrastructures facilities in the rural areas, low level of economic activity. The colonial policy of establishing banks in the urban areas where economic activity has been in existence, the preference of the bank worker to work in the urban areas where faculty and comfortable living are available. In the attempt to correct the abnormal banking system, the (CBN) central bank of Nigeria in 1978 introduced the rural banking scheme (the Nigeria 1987 by Herbte O. Orji 1979) the first bank to establish its bank branches in he rural area, that have potential capability for contribution to the Nigerians economic development. It involves the establishments of new bank branches of new and existing bank in the rural areas of the country and the provision of the banking service to the rural communities that has developed and show rural characteristics.

By this the central bank of Nigeria will have to determine the situation where the rural community which have a population of at least not less than (500) five hundred people and an establish economic and social institution such local industries adequate on the local market, hospitals, schools and other private and government institution.

 

 

 

The scheme was phased into four;

The first phase was to establish 200 banks between 1977 and 1980. However the phase ended up in archiving only twelve braches

 

C.B.N bulletined January/ march 1987, Page. 29

The second phase which stated in 1981 with 266 bank branches to be opened but 258 chess bank were actually spend during that period. The third phase also commence in 1954 with the total branches of 300 to be opened. The number of the commercial bank branches opened in 1988 under this phase of the programme increase from 72 to 144. Also during this period under the review one more branched were opened on the second phase bridging the number to 258. Consequently the total number of banks establishes under the rural banking programme raise from 72 to 602 in 1988. Similarly the number of urban bank increases by 124 in 1988 bringing the number of the total branches to 1101. The fourth phase of rural banking is about to set in motion but ther4 has been nice tiding of the implementation.

According to business time Monday 9th April (1990) the united bank of Africa has made a proposal for the scrap [ping of the fourth phase of the rural banking programme of the government, instead they adopted for the establishment of more urban banks branches which has a little promise of more economic development. The augment on the line is the rural banking scheme program to support bankable project, economic project and economic activity whereas the banking in urban still has a lot of untapped resources that can be mobilized through a deliberate programme of increased urbane banking braches.

The managing director U.B.A Allahaji Sulaiman Baffa emphasis that bank has reach the limit’s in setting up the rural banking program only to discover that this prospect where lean and stretched far between. As a result of this community bank were established.

The community as a financial institution established to cater for the saving the credit need of the small-scale producers. The shareholders are normally the customers. They have a share capital of 250,000.00 and only one tenth of th

accounting project topics and material preview

THE ROLE OF MODERN ACCOUNTING IN MASS MEDIA

(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION NIGERIA  (FRCN) KADUNA.

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to effectiveness of public corporation and identifies its problems to over view of the historical background and organization chart of the case study. Review of the related literature research methodology is discussed. The chapters of this project are written in a simple form and language that will make it easy for a lay man to understand. It is hoped that this project will open the eyes of many public corporations for efficient management of resources available and will enhance development through adherence to the recommendation and suggestion offered in this work.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     Introduction                                                                              1

1.1     Historical background                                                             3

1.2     Statement of problems                                                             7

1.3     Statement of hypothesis                                                           9

1.4     Aims and Objectives of study                                                 9

1.5     Significance of the study                                                          10

1.6     Scope of the study                                                                    11

1.7     Limitation of the study                                                                      12

1.8     Definition of terms                                                                   13

CHAPTER TWO

LITERARUTE REVIEW

2.0     Introduction                                                                              14

2.1     Review of related literature                                                     14

2.2     SSAP and Expenditure drafts                                                  20

2.3     Designing of accounting system                                             21

2.4     Behavioral aspect of control account                                      23

2.5     Definition and scope of Internal control receipt

and payment of cash                                                                25

2.6     Summary                                                                                   30

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0     Introduction                                                                              32

3.1     Population of the study                                                           32

3.2     Sample of the study and sample size                                     32

3.3     Method of data collections                                                      33

3.4     Statistical techniques used for analysis                                  34

3.5     Statement of hypothesis                                                           35

3.6     Justification for the choice of the methodology                    35

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0     Introduction                                                                              37

4.1     Data presentation and analysis                                               38

4.2     Hypothesis testing                                                                    39

4.3     Discussion of findings                                                              40

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMEDATIONS

5.0     Summary                                                                                   43

5.1     Conclusion                                                                                 45

5.2     Recommendations                                                                    46

Bibliography                                                                              49

Appendix                                                                                   50

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODCUTION

Accounting can be defined as an act recording classifying, summarizing and reporting of business transaction for preparation periodic statement of  performance  and caused to provide information to management for decision making.

It’s an act of controlling a business by keeping records, preparing form those records certain statistics called ‘ accounting ration” and using those rations to detect financial difficulties before they become serious and uncontrolled so that certain measures may be taken.

One of the objectives of a business is to make a profit and  we defined a profit as a function of how the  resources of the  business in terms of manpower, raw material, capital are employed. One of the chief aims of accounting is to reveal whether or not a business is been conducted profitably.

Accounts, collects from those which relates to past performance and termed is historic accounts and prepared for stewardship purposes that is satisfy in the shareholders, government, creditors as well as the public as large, that the business has been conducted honestly and efficiently over the period of which the account is related.

This aspect is called financial accounting.

Management of an organization rely on a sound accounting system to achieve the following:

  1. Preserve and control the operation of the organization.
  2. To prepare a reliable financial statement.
  3. To ensure proper, firmly and desirable allocation of funds to its’ different sections etc.

Allocation of fund to it’s different sections, accounting system enables for orderly preparation and preservation of accounting data and appropriate analysis for the preparation of a reliable financial statement. Any organization without an accounting system is on the verge of collapse. The importance of accounting system cannot be over emphasized.

1.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND   

The motive that underlined this project is to probe into modern rules of accounting system of the federal radio cooperation of Nigeria (FRCN) with the aim of finding out whether it is efficient and effective as planned working out the system compared to the size of the organization.

 

Further more, the station has gone through different names before it finally attained it’s present name as the federal radio cooperation of Nigeria Kaduna. It was first known as the broad casting company of Northern Nigeria Limited (BCNN). It was established as a radio and television broadcasting state from which it’s formal name was radio, television Kaduna (RTK) was derived.

 The cooperation has gone through a lot of various government changes since the station was formed, e.g. The nineteen Northern state of Nigeria as a linguist broad casting cooperation in which broadcasting was aimed in languages related to the state that owns it as at that period. Languages like, Hausa, Kanuri, Fulfulde and Nupe as well as English language, it was the same nineteen Northern state that financed the cooperation in a form of subventions as a means of revenue to the station. To keep it in operation and it in operation and it wan done annually.

In the year 1976, the federal military government took over the television aspect of the station, the present Nigerian television authority, as that part of incorporated into it and while northern states continues with the maintenance of the radio cooperation.

In addition, the corporation source  its’ fund from the government under that act that established the existence of the