INVENTORY CONTROL PROCEDURES IN MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS

(A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE LIMITED, EMENE)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction 1

1.1     Background to the study                                                    2

• Statement of problems 3
• Objective of the study 3
• Scope of the study 4
• Research questions 4
• Significance of the study                                                  5

1.7     Brief history of Emenite                                                    5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature review                                                                10

• The concept of inventory control 10
• Inventory control procedures 13
• Finished goods inventory 16
• Problems of inventory control 18
• Inventory control decisions 19
• Stock control models 22
• Inventory valuation 26
• Inventory records 30
• Summary of Related Reviewed Literature                         35

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    Methodology                                                                     37

• Research design 37
• Area for the study 37
• Population for the study 38
• Sample and sampling procedure 38
• Instrument for data collection                                           42
• Validation of instrument 42
• Reliability of the instrument 42
• Method of data collection 43
• Method of data analysis 43

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation and analysis of data 44

Summary of findings                                                         55

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Discussion of results 57
• Conclusion 58
• Implications of the research results 58
• Recommendation 59
• Suggestion for further studies                                           60
• Limitations of the study 60

References                                                                         62

Appendix                                                                           63

ABSTRACT

This is a research project on inventory control procedures using Emenite Limited as a case study of manufacturing company.

This study is necessitated by the fact that many manufacturing firms can no longer meet up to installed capacity due to poor management of inventories. This has led to closing down of various companies or retrenchment of workers due to lean pockets. Therefore in this project, I am at critically examining the inventory control procedures of Emenite limited with the view that some other manufacturing companies in Enugu will learn from its success.

To solve the problem, both primary and secondary data were collected by using questionnaires, oral interviews of staff and personal observations. And in organizing the data, taxes and percentages were used.

The interpretation of the findings provide that Emenite Limited is a successful manufacturing company whose firm inventory control policies vitally ensures its success, and that other manufacturing companies can successes by following in the footsteps of Emenite Ltd.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Inventory could be defined as the stock of materials kept in anticipation of future demand or use. The term was originally an American term for depicting the value or quality of materials that are kept or stored for use as the need arises. It is applied to a detailed list of goods or articles in a given place or a stock – taking.

Furthermore, there are about five classifications of inventory; namely;

• Raw materials
• Components and sub-assembles
• In process materials or work in progress
• Finished goods

Having said these, it is the process of controlling these inventories or materials that I am going to research about in this project, using Emenite Ltd as a case study.

 

 

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

          Having pointed out in the introduction that inventory includes Raw materials, finished goods, components and sub-assemblies, work-in-progress, consumables etc, it means that a very substantial amount of a company’s working capital is always tied up in it’s inventories, it implies that the company should be able to control it’s inventory effectively and this brings us to the definition of inventory control.

Inventory control is the activities, techniques and methods of maintaining an accurate stock of items or inventories at a desired level. This is because a company’s inventory can either be an asset or a liability to her, depending on the quantity available at the moment.

Too much inventories consumes physical space, increase the possibility of damages, spoilage or loss. While on the other hand, too little inventory disrupts manufacturing operations, engenders chaos on the shop floor and increases the likelihood of poor customer service.

Too much or too little inventory is an evidence of poor forecasting inadequate attention to processes and procedures and haphazard scheduling. Therefore if a manufacturing company must survive, strategies for minimizing avoidable waste, shortages and excesses must be developed so as to compete effectively with other firms. And all these can only be achieved through effective inventory control.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

          Since inventories are the wheels on which manufacturing activities run on, the progress of a manufacturing concern or it’s down fall depends on how firm their grip on inventories are. I have therefore set out by this project to:            

1. Consider and analyze the various systems of inventory control and the problems for maintaining them.

Know the standard system for

BALACING AND BURGETING CONTROL IN A MANUFACTRURING AND MARKETING ORGANIZATION

(A CASE OF STUDY OF TOTAL NIGERIA LTD)

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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CHAPTER ONE:

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OVERVIEW:

The use of budget in government long preceded its application in business or the business sector. In the stable economic environment of the period before world war, few large companies in U.S.A and U.K used budgets. The result of the use of budget conflicted, some pioneer companies reported it was a significant tool to management but reported it has an ill or even a negative effect on efficiency and productivity. In order to avoid the conflicting result of the large segment still straddled the fence awaiting further information and a more definite result. The world depression of the 1929 and its attendant business worries and trouble made the use of budgeting imperative in order to plane the growth of the enterprise. The population of budgeting was the direct outcome of two inquiries conducted to assess the benefit or otherwise as budget as applied of for the industry. The national industrial conference board sat in U.S.A while the international management institute worked in Geneva. Both were inaugurated in 1930.

 

The concept of business budgeting is even more resent in Nigeria. It was introduced by the first foreign multinational that operated in Nigeria and gradually a small firm adopted it.

The ultimate goal of any business organization is to maximize profit, which can result fo4rm the management conscious effort to increase sale/render efficient service and reduce cost. In the attainment of this subsidiary goal, management must have a careful prepared and articulated business and organizational plane, a rational plane commitment of the scarce resources and a thorough scanning of the environment in which it exist. In the other word, the enterprise was plane and controls its operation for the attainment of the organizational goal.

In a total business environment, business operation is complex and subject to heavy competitive pressure. In such an environment, many kinds of charge occur like frustration in the economy, which call for adjustment in the enterprise. In addition, the ingestible find are scarcer and the cost of such fund is estimably prohibitive. All this complexity put a wedge between business form and attainment of its set objective. But the firm must take a positive action in regarded to the difficulties in order not to go under. The firm must plane ahead. Planning ahead entailed articulation of cooperate mission, determine where a firm is at the moment, deciding on where it want to go and how fast, how to get there and what to do along the way to reduce uncertainty and to mange the risk and changes. Planning ahead entails internal scanning to determine the enterprise strength and weakness which can provide the management with a better understanding of the firm operation n relation to the general environment which increase understanding and leading to a faster reaction of the unfolding events.

Environmental scanning is also carried out which form the basis for the environmental assumption. The business objective must by clearly set out and disseminated t all level of business organization and management, personnel effectively sensitized towards their achievement also essential is the internal co-ordination of the personnel and function. But most importantly, the enterprise must forecast its need for fund over a giving period of time, secure them on very competitive terms and utilize the fund in the most rational ways.

Indeed the survival of modern business involve wise management even more than that, it needs scientific technique and such technique of the budgeting and budgeting control, variance accounting and other high Techniquecal forecasting device have all come to the aid of management to increase the performance of the firm.

 

Budget according to management of institute of chattered accounting (CIMA) is simply a plane management of money and which is prepared and improve prior to the budget and may show under the expenditure and capital employed. On ht other hand, institute of certified management of accountant define it as a financial statement prepared and approve prior to the define period of time of the policy to be pursued during that period for the purpose of archiving a set objective. It serves as a quantitative expression of a planed action and can aid in coordination and implementation. It could be formulated of the organization as a whole or for a small sub – unit.

Once a budget has been prepared and is approved, its usefulness depends upon the wiliness of the company executive to follow up to determine if the cost are been controlled and if the desired income is been earned in accordance with he plane of the operation.

Controlling operating involves management in a number of processes and requires several different kinds of information. It involves converting to management planes into an operating pattern w8ich match the planes into which a company is divided. This change the overall detailed lane into an operating plane, which rates to the management structure of the company, and this thus leads to budgeting

 

Budgets are drowned up for control purpose. It ia an attempt to control the direction and plane the company is taking. This brings up the issue of budgeting control. Budgeting control is the means of deterring the extent to, which the planed goal and objective are attain. It involves assigning responsibilities for the achievement of the

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 BJECTIVE OF STUDY

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.6 IMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY

1.7 EFINITION OF TERMS

 

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1 REVIEWS RELATED TO LITERATURE

2.2 THE CONCEPT OF BUDGETING ANDS BUDGETING CONTROL

2.3 TYPES OF BUDGET

2.4 BUDGET PREPARATION

2.5 ADMINISTRATION OF BUDGET

2.6 HUMAN FACTOR IN BUDGETING

2.7INNOVATION IN BUDGETING

2.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TOTAL NIGERIA LTD

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCG METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.3 PRIMARY SOURCE OF DATA

3.4 POPULATION

3.5 SAMPLE TECHNIQUES

3. 6 SAMPLE SIZE

3.7 REMARKS

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 PRESENTATION OF RELATED DATA

4.2 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

4.3 ANALYSIS OF RELATED DATA

4.4 TESTING OF THE HYPOTHESIS

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SAMMRY OF THE FINDINGS

5.2 CONCLUSION

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX / QUESTIONNAIRE

FINANCING SMAL-SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE )

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

This study titled financing small-scale industries in Nigeria is aimed all determining the way by which development bank help to finance small-scale industries and solve some of their problems which include inability to procure necessary equipment.  Lack of technical and managerial expertise, inadequate raw materials etc.

Consequently, we were able to find out the banks that contribute immensely to the financing of small-scale industries in Nigeria.

In conclusion, the recommendations arrived at will encourage commercial banks to finance the projects a small scale industry through the disbursement of funds.

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Industrial development involves development of a technical

arrangement that moves an economy from the traditional method of production to a more complex system of mass manufacturing of variety of goods of services involving technology and management techniques.

Industrialization tends to propel growth and quicken the achievement of structural transformation and diversification of economy.  It enable a country to utilize it’s factor endowments and depends less on external sector for its growth and sustenance.  They provide employment for a substantial proportion of the industrial establishment.  Therefore, due to the above mentioned role played by industrial sector, that is small-scale industries in the economy it requires some financial support from government for the smooth running of the industries.

But small-scale industry is a sub-sector of industrial development that is of great importance as mentioned above, but it has not received the type of attention it deserves that is why the government and the feral ministry of industries lay down the parameter under which a industrialist may take advantage of the various incentive created by the government for ht growth of the small-scale industries.  Such incentives are in the form of loan, provision of machinery and equipment, and raw materials.

The process of taking advantage of the various incentive scheme are so cumbersome and its subject to bureaucratic radicalism and only few small scale industries are able to utilize them.

The importance of small-scale industries to the survival of a nation can no longer be saved.

They have moved from the substance level to pre-indigenization period of importance in the country’s industrial process.  Therefore the authorities should not relent on the effort of making small scale industries to be inactive due to lack of fund.

The Nigerian Bank was established to provide among other financial services to the indigenous business community, especially small scale industries.  Following the recommendation of the financial system review committee of 1976, government made bank the apex financial institution for small scale businesses.  The bank obtains fund from the federal government to assist small business and the loans granted are relating on soft terms.

During the 1970’s and 1980, bank promoted of soft loans and advisory services of operational and liquidity problem attributed to reduced government funding and poor loans repayment by medium scale entrepreneur.  Bank loans and advances fluctuated from N87.7million, N223.million, N305.3million, N984.0million and 1994 respectively.

Similarly, its deposit liabilities fluctuated from N252.0million in 1990 to N423.3million in 1991, N318.7million in 1992 and N32.0million in both 1993 ad 1994.

Following this, the government utilized the opportunity to equip the bank with power to act as a catalyst in development by operating like an all purpose universal bank to engage in all types of investment banking and under writing operation.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The study titled “Financing small-scale industries” attempts

to determine the ways by which the development banks contributes to the financing of the problems which they encounter are as follows:

1. Most small-scale industries lack finance as start up or working capital for their business but could not mobilize such fund easily from commercial banks.

 

2. Procurement of machinery and equipment post problems on small-scale industries and requires development bank to assist them to solve such problems

COST ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND PRICE DETERMINATION

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

 

This study is designed to provide knowledge for costing information and price determination.

The need for cost accounting came with increased industrialization, engineering an expansion in manufacturing.  It is therefore obvious that in efficient system of costing is essential for industrial control.

In period of boom, manufacturers are able to show profit notwithstanding the leakage which pass unchecked, but in periods of trade competition concealed inefficiencies have to track down and rigorous control must be exercised to ensure even modest margin profit.

There is not yet an agreed best method of costing products though it may be helpful to recognize that cost allocation are being used to obtain a mutually acceptable price and not necessary to portray caused and effect relationship of cost incurrence.   But price determination from cost under efficient operation through efficient cost system will most probably approximate the price of the product to its value.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Statement of problem

• Purpose of study
• Significance of limitation of study
• Scope and limitation of study
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO:

• Literature Review

2.1     Cost determination

• Cost Control
• Fixed and variable cost
• Natural and functional classification cost
• Other theoretical work on cost and pricing
• Price flexibility
• The Nature of Pricing problem
• Limitation of cost oriented price
• Cost bread pricing theories
• Price to achieve corporate objectives

 

CHAPTER THREE:

• Summary of Study

3.1     Discussion of findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendation

Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION:

Accountancy has been defined by GLAUTER and UNDERDOWN, in their book titled “Accounting theory and practice as “a reporting activity that forms part of any management information system.  In this regard, accountings is often explained as sciences of activities that are connected and form successive steps starting with observing, the collecting, recording, analyzing and finally communicating accounting information to its users.

The study of modern cost accounting yields insight regarding both accountants role and managers role in an organization because managers want to know how accountants measure performance and often depending upon accounting data for guiding their decisions.

Cost accounting has a major purpose of accumulating the cost of an organizations products and services.  This aspect is regarded as product costing purpose.

 

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

A view shared by previous researcher on this topic that there has been a shortfall in the utilization of cost accounting information in some organization and their pricing policy decision making.  It is right of this that this work attempt to suggest a good system which comprises a set of procedure, records and facilities that have to do with the systematic and routine compilation and dissemination of cost information and price determination.

 

ACCOUNTING AS A BASIS FOR MANAGING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE

 (A CASE STUDY OF STATE EDUCATION COMMISSION ENUGU).

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

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ABSTRACT

 

The society at large views public money as an opportunity to enriching themselves since it is not for any body beside it is our nation cake as always stated. People with questionable intentions makes good use of this opportunity in looking away most of this funds which were kept under their control as leaders.

It is on the above points, that the research had carry out a critical research with a view to knowing the extent of accountability in the public expenditure.

Carry out an in-depth study are to the causes of inadequate accountability in our public establishment and how best to control public funds. In terms of making expenditure.

To achieve a reasonable research, the researcher embarked o the research work by making an empirical survey, which will be in form of oral, and written data, which involve questionnaires and library research which formed part of the researcher secondary data.

With the above fact, the researcher analysis the research work and test the hypothesis. And the hypothesis was tested by the use of the chi-square formula, before arriving at a conclusion.

However, based on the findings, recommendations were made on how best public expenditure would be managed. It is my strong opinion that it will go a long way in alleviating the situation if fully implemented.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • Statement of problem
  • Objective of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Statement of Hypothesis
  • Scope of the study
  • Limitation of the study
  • Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

• Origin and historical development of accounting
• Accounting defined
• Types of accounting
• Specialized accounting fields
• Definitions of public expenditure
• Need for adequate accountability of public expenditure
• The role of auditors in managing public expenditure.
• Role of internal auditors
• Role of external auditors
• How accounting can help in the management of public expenditure

 

CHAPTER THREE

• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
• Design of the research
• Sources of data
• Primary data
• Secondary data
• Reliability of data
• Sample used
• Method of hypothesis testing

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation Analysis, Interpretation
  • Data Analysis
  • Test of Hypothesis
  • Summary of Study

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  • Findings
  • Recommendations

Conclusion

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

Misappropriation and embezzlement of public fund have been the talk of the day in our various government institutions. This case of inadequacy and inefficiency in the accountability of public fund had shown the force that people who are being entrusted with such funds shows a sort of non-challant attitude in carrying out the duties. This attitude had done a lot of harm to the growth of our various government establishments, it is clear that no institution, parastatals, or organization will grow without maintaining adequacy efficiency and accountability. However, it is also obvious that some organization has been closed up or folded up due to the fact that their funds were not adequately managed.

Because of the inadequate accountability of public funds that some times, necessitate the checks, which is carried out by both internal and external at intervals. This checks being carried out auditors both internal and external is called auditing, the reason for this is to find out the extent of accountability if any, and to advice the auditory on the steps and have best to control their funds.

Based on the fact that Enugu State Education Commission, which the researcher has chosen as her case study is one of the numerous establishment controlled by Enugu State Government. There is the need for an in-depth study to be carried out in Enugu State Education Commission which will service a sample size when analyzing the findings and making recommendations about public expenditure with special regard to Enugu State.

However, in the course of this study work be carried out in findings the origin of the board, sources of funds to the board, ways in which these funds are expended and finally an attempt would be made to find out if the people entrusted with the boards funds, maintain adequate account of the fund kept under their controlled.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The increase in inadequacy and inefficiency in the accountability of public expenditure, due to misappropriation to embezzlement of public funds has put to question that inequity of reliability of those entrusted with the accountability of public expenditure the non-challant attitude of government employees in the performance of their duties as related to accounting needs much to be desired, since they usually have on ugly nation that government fund belongs to nobody and as such they tend to exercise little or no care in making expenditure including the government.

A lot of efforts put in place to correct this notion had little or no impact on these government employees, have the establishment of internal audit, investigation and compliance units by the state education commission to deal with such issues.

It is necessary to state here that some of the courses behind inadequate accountability of public expenditure may be attributed to lateness in implementing reports issued by the above mentioned bodies or at times some of the reports are ignored without being implemented. It is based on the above reasons that this study is being embarked on to find out some of the factors that are militating against adequate accountability in the state education commission and to recommend on how best the situation could be reduced.