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THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN SMALL SCALE BUSINESS FINANCING

THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN SMALL SCALE BUSINESS FINANCING

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT
New products are developed in the Banking industry to meet the ever-growing needs of customers.
In this research work, the research choose four of the products, measured the extend to which they have been able to satisfy the customers. The products selected are SMALL CARD, INTERNATIONAL MONEY TRANSFER, EDUCATIONAL SCHEME AND INTEGRATED BANKING NETWORK TRANSACTION.
Data collected through questionnaire are presented in tabular form and percentages and pie chart are needed to analyze them. The research work revealed that the product has been able to satisfy the customer to a very high level. It was also discovered that customers patronize product which involves fund transfer and the most prominent reason for their patronize is based on the convenience. The introduction of the product has improved the profitability of the bank.

TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION:………………………………………………………..1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:……………………………………1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:……………………………………………………………………….2
1.3 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY:………………………………………2
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:…………………………3
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS:……………………………………………….3
REFERENCE:………………………………………………………………5
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 DEFINITION OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS……………………6
2.2 FEATURES OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS………………………6
2.3 FUNCTION OF COMMERCIAL BANK TO THE SMALL SCALE BUSINESS…………………………………………………………………7
2.4 PROBLEM OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS…………………………..9
2.5 THE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS IN THE NIGERIA ECONOMY…………………………………………………………………12
REFERENCE………………………………………………………………..14
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN……………………………………………15
3.2 LOCATION OF DATA……………………………………………15
3.3 SOURCES OF DATA……………………………………………….15
CHAPTER FOUR
FINDINGS………………………………………………………………….16
REFERENCE………………………………………………………………..18
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION…………………………….19
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………21

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUD
According to Orjih, Commercial Banking in Nigeria dates back to the early colonial period. The decline in Banker system of trade and the rise in financial transaction of the colonial government required an institution in the form of commercial bank for safety and transmission of funds.
It is privately owned and established for the purpose of making profit for their owners.
According to the small scale Business act of 1953, a small-scale business firm is one which is independently owned and operated and not dominated in its field of operation. Small scale Business is owned, managed, controlled by one or two persons, in family influenced in decision making, has an un differentiated organizational structure, has relatively small share of the market and employers less than 50 people.
The commercial Bank performs certain duties to small scale Business to enable them carry their Business effectively. Some of their duties are accepting deposit, granting loan and overdraft facilities, agency services, providing station reports standing order, call credit facilities investment advise and soon. Through these role performed by the commercial Bank, it enables small scale business to plan their business properly, keep adequate records, maintain proper accountability, pursue planed expansion, utilize professional assistance, improve your business knowledge through apprenticeship programmers and formal education and so on.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM AND THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The small scale Business owned individual are faced by some problems, which are under capitalization, poor business accountability, poor record keeping, lack of business knowledge and experience, poor wrong

THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF CAPITAL MOBILIZATION IN FINANCING SMALL INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU STATE

THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF CAPITAL MOBILIZATION IN FINANCING SMALL INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU STATE

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT
The topic of this research is the problem and prospect of capital mobilization in financing small-scale industries in Enugu state.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which small-scale industries in Nigeria obtain loans and advances (risk financing) from Nigeria commercial bank as a major source of finance to the economy.
Here the term small scale industries are those small business with not more than five hundred thousand Naira (N500, 000) as their annual turnover. Therefore this small scale industrial in Nigeria need to be helped to develop and expand their industries and discover for themselves their roles to play to make profit.
There are four (4) chapters in this project.
Chapter one, deals with general principles and other preliminary issues, like the overview of the problem and prospect of capital mobilization in financing small scale industries in enugu state, the statement of the problem faced by the researcher, objectives of the study. The significance of the study hypothesis and the scope and limitation of the study.
In chapter two, the review of relate literature is examined and this chapter deals with definition or meaning of small scale industry in Nigeria, how government policy effect, the industry and improving funding to small scale industries.
In chapter three, discuss in some detail research methodology and analysis of data. This chapter deals with the source of data used in the project, the interview sample A is devoted to a examination of the method of investigation, and data collection and the analysis of data is also highlighted.
In chapter four, it is an examination of concludes the role of commercial banks in financing small-scale industries in Nigeria. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will serve as a reference book for industrialists, bankers, accountants, scholars and all other interested in the development of the small-scale industries in Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter one:
Introduction
1.0 Over view of the role of commercial banks in financing small scale industries in Nigeria ……..
1.1 Statement of the problems………….
1.2 Objective of the study……………
1.3 Significance of the study……………….
1.4 Scope and limitation of the study………..
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Meaning of small-scale industry………..
2.2 Government policy’s…………..
2.3 Projection of promotion……………
2.4 Support systems………..
2.5 Financing small scale industry (A case study of Hallmark bank P L C)…………
CHAPTER THREE: DESIGNED AND METHODOLOGY
3.0 Designed and mythology………..
3.1 Source of data ………
3.2 Location of data
3.3 Methods of investigation and data collection….
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.
4.0 Presentation and analysis of data……….
CHAPTER FIVE: FINDING, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION.
5.0 Recommendations…………….
5.1 Conclusions………………
Bibliography……………..

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.0 OVERVIEW OF THE RULE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN FINANCIAL SMALL INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
The successive development plans of Nigeria have laid emphasis on the attainment of self reliance the need for this national objective is because much is expected from individual on the view point of providing employment opportunities, self reliance in basic food and material production of industrial raw materials.
But, Nigeria small-scale industries continued to decline despite the so called priority given to this sector. However, the discovery of the central banks that this policy was not enough from 1970 /80 that all commercial banks must reserve a proportion of their minimum credit allocation of indigenous borrowers for small scale Nigeria enterprises the largest prescribed in 1970 was 10 percent. This was subsequently raised to 16 percent in 1980 and has remained at that level to data.
Even though, available data showed that performance of commercial banks against this directive has been disappointing the central bank intends to spare no effort in ensuring that banks fully comply without compromising the smooth functioning of the nations banking system.
Without the development of small scale industries in Nigeria guest for industrialization will certainly remain forever at a stake. It is the humble opinion of the researcher that future development in our industrialization must address the basic issue of creating linkages within the economy to begin to produce real inputs to our manufacturing activities.
Priority attention must therefore be given to there industries for which domestic inputs could easily produce of this automatically brings to mind the agro-allied industries like food processing and other by products. The objectives should be to maximize the value added in them processing and manufacturing as final goods or immediate inputs.
Empirical evidence indicate that strong producer incentives to small scale industries are necessary not only to met the food requirement but also to provide growing input supplies and demand as a foundation for sustained industrial growth.
The present economic constraints well turn out to be a blessing in disguise to our industrialization effort particularly for the dynamic manufacturing sector for instance the market determined exchange rate through S T E M with its resultant at high cost of imported inputs may serve as an impetus to industrialists to intensify their search for local institute.
In 1971, the government of the east- central state statutorily enacted an edict establishing an ministry of commerce and industry to be known as fund for small scale industry credit scheme (fussi) to give credit to prospective investors to enable them establish thus helping the country towards industrialization.
In the period 1980 to 1985, loans approved for small scale project by Nigeria bank for commerce and industry (NCB) amounted to N29,983 million for 126 projects while Nigerian industrial development bank (NIDB) during the same period sanctioned N250.7 million to the national directorate of employment (NDE) have approved a total amount of N23,353,938 (73.2%) as at the end of December 1988.
Similarly, in the circular on small scale and medium enterprises loan scheme released by the central bank of Nigeria in February this year (1999) it was revealed that world bank has granted a loan of & 270 million to the federal government for the development of small sectors out of this loan, the sum of &265.7 million would be made available for on lending to small and medium scale enterprises through eligible participating banks. No doubt this help to revitalize the acting economy.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Small-scale industry like any other business cannot be carried on extensively unless funds area available for maintenance and procurement of equipment and necessary inputs.
a. Short-term credit: the type of credit is used to finance yearly operations until the products / proceeds from the industry are sold. The amount, which is involved on this types of credit is usually small, but lack of this type of credit is not accurately felt by small scale industrialist who have little or no upon which to draw they are mostly beginners.
b. Long-term loan: this type of credit is necessary for acquisition of major industrial machines, improvement on industrial equipment building and land.
c. Medium-term loan: this type of loan is for more than one year maturi

MINIMIZATION OF BANK FRAUD IN NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANKS

MINIMIZATION OF BANK FRAUD IN NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANKS

 

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT
In this project, the minimization of bank fraud was studies.
Infant, I try to ascertain the extent in checking bank fraud in commercial banks in Nigeria, the external banks encourage fraud in commercial banks, how adequate are the fraud control technique used by commercial banks and the last to ascertain the influence of banking education on fraud control in commercial bank in Nigeria
In the key point I tired to find the types of bank fraud, causes, problems and at last measures to minimize fraud in banks
In addition I found out the following; how fraud fluencies on the activities of commercial banks in Nigeria, whether or not banks staff encourage fraud in commercial banks.
The study was punctuated with far reading suggestion. It is hoped that if these measures are applied with sincerely, they will provider availed, sound basis for a more purposeful approach to the commercial banks in minimizing fraud

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LAMINATIONS OF THE STUDY
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS USED
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.2 TYPES OF BANK FRAUD
2.3 CAUSE OF BANK FRAUD
2.4 PROBLEMS OF BANK FRAUD
2.5 MEASURE TO CHECK FRAUD
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 SOURCE OF DATA (SECONDARY SOURCE
3.2 LOCATION OF DATA
3.3 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION (LITERATURE WORK)
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 FINDING
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Since the inception and recognition of bank in Nigeria. it has been in a head way of existence and survival. This is because since the emergence of this area of economic and business knowledge, fraud and all forms of dishonesty and misappropriation of money entrusted to one had obviously to Nigeria banks.
This defect has been lingering in the minds of honest bank employee and the student majoring into the banking profession too give potential thought as to the near future perfection of the banking and finance as a discipline fraudulent actives in the Nigerian banks have grown so great in strength, rigor and vigor that most of the banks are exposed to great risk of losses inspire of all modern sophistionted security advices employed in the dally operation and function by Nigeria banks.
Banking industry is the bed rock of any developing and developed economy the world over. It is therefore very important to find out any problem that rises to to disrupt those industries. Every transactions involved in international trade is done through the banks and this is what depicts the direction of any economy all over the world. Industrial development and establishment project financing etc are all done through banks therefore the eradication fraud in banks is the concern of every worthy patriot of this great nation, fraud is an international misrepresentation consentient for the purpose of inducing a mother in reliance upon it to pant with some valuable things, money properties belonging to him or generally to surrender a legal right. Although the existence of fraud in our banks is not our uncommon or unexpected phenomenon. It is worrying because “of all the various problems conformity the Nigeria banking industry today that of fraud is easily the most intractable.
The banking industry worries more about fraud because of the rather obvious damaging consequences of the acts on the heaths and for the existence of the institution.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary of current English the word “fraud” means criminal deception. This is a straightforward definition. The great master dictionary Hamlin Encyclopedia world dictionary defines “fraud” as:” deceit” tricky sharp practice or breach of confidence by which some one who sought to gain unfair or dishonest advantage any deception artifice and trick.
Also, the term fraud can be defined in so many ways “fraud” in the contemplation of a civil court of justice may be said to include all acts, omissions and concealments which involve a breach of legal or equitable dusty trust of confidence justify reposed and are injurious to another or by which an under or unconscientiously advantages is taken of another
Finally, Wale Adewuni describe fraud as a conscious premeditated action of a person or group of persons with the inteation of altering the truth and or fact for selfish personal monetary gain. It invoues the use of deceit and trick and sometimes highly intelligent cunning and know-how
These can emerge as a result of non- strict adherence to documented and established rules and regulation in individual banks and such regulations in individual banks and this has gone a long way in enhancing fraud in our banks and is very bad thing so to say.
Also, these skilled professionals in the management level of these banks. Lack of inbuilt accountability devices including having regular auditing of accounts of customers these banks do not organize fraud seeming so as to discuses the problems fraud cause them and fine out these people who actually make fraud possible in their banks and the solutions to these problems lack of proper recruitment and training policy on the part of the banks
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The proposed objective of this project is to determine ways of minimizing frauds in Nigeria commercial bank because fraud has brought about banks failure in Nigerian banking industry. It is time we study fraud and how it can be reduced in Nigeria bank this act tends to make people loose confidence in financial institution in Nigeria. At this point it seems necessary to find solution to this problem that is reduced frauds in Nigeria banks, fraud is an enemy of baking business in Nigeria, fraud is obtainable more especially in banking sectors them any other place. It is the biggest single cause of bank failure therefore it is necessary to find solution to the problem so that we can evaluate the performance of bank in Nigeria when fraud is being reduced in Nigerian ba

A CRITICAL APPAISAL OF CURRENT ASSEST MANAGEMENT IN BUBLIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES

A CRITICAL APPAISAL OF CURRENT ASSEST MANAGEMENT IN BUBLIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC ENUGU).

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

This project examined the management of current assets in public

Limited Liability Company. It is obvious that no company can perform

Well without good current asset management. This cares for proper accountability and utilization of these assets for day-to-day transaction of a business concern.
A well co-ordinated current asset management will go a long way to boost productivity, availability of funds, profit and encourage expansion. Investigation ha shown that failure of many business concerns or why some companies perform below expectations lies mostly in the inability of the management to manage their current asset very well.
Current asset is an asset on the balance sheet usually lasting less than one year or any asset that can be converted into cash within 12 months. Current asset as an essential tool of any business organization needs efficient and effective management.
Current asset includes – cash, Government boned, inventors, marketable securities, account receivables, prepaid etc and also other assets that are capable of being converted into cash within relatively short period without intervening with the normal operation of the business.
The relevant data for this study were obtained through the review of related literature and use of questionnaire oral interviews as well as direct observation. This helps us to understand how the various companent of current asset should be managed.
In the aspect of cash management, cash should be reduced to a minimum, which implies that the firms should keep sufficient cash neither more nor less, and this could only be achieved through cash planning, managing cash inflows and out flow of the firm, investing the cash, white the excess should be invested in marketable securities.
In inventory control, form is faced with problem of meeting two conflicting needs to maintain a minimum investment in inventories, to maximize profitability and to minimize a large size of inventory, few efficient and smooth production and sales operation. And care must be taken to ensure that stock is ordered through purchase requisition note by the officer responsible for it.
The presentation of the analysis look the form of chi-square to test the three hypotheses formulated. From the interpretation of data, the following findings were made;
(1) Proper current asset management has increased the growth of a company.
(2) Effective and efficient current asset management enhances the profit of public limited liability companies.
(3) Proper management of current asset leads to high investment and high production.
Equally, Improper management of current asset reduced the growth of company. And losses of cash are caused not only by mismanagement off current asset but also by decrease in the value of cash as a result of socio-economic situation in the country.
The researcher therefore tends to carry out research to investigation and know actually how their current assets are manage in public limited ways for further improvement which includes;
(1) Installation of budgeting and budgetary control for efficiency
(2) Control of overheads so as to minimize payments of cash (cash out flows).
(3) Matching of receipts and payment to avoid financial insolvency.
The conclusion of the study is that since proper current asset management has increased the growth of public limited liability company e.g. The Nigerian breweries plc other companies should apply current asset management principles to ensure effectiveness, as well both non-profit in making organization.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF CASE STUDY 4
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 7
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION 8
1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS 10
1.6 SIGNIFICANCEOF THE STUDY 12
1.7 SCOPE, LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS
OF THE STUDY 13
1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 14

CAPTER TWO
2.0 RVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 16

2.1 INTRODUCTION 16

2.2 MANAGEMENT OF CASH 18

2.3 THE NEED TO HOLD CASH BALANCES 19

2.4 CASH PLANNING FORECASTING AND BUGETING 24

2.4 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

2.5 NEED TO HOLD INVENTORY AND OBJECTIVES OF

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 26
2.6 DETERMINIATION OF THE SIZE OF INVENTORY 33
2.7 INVENTORY DECISION MODELS
2.8 OBJECTIVES OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
2.9 ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY 36
2.10 MANAGEMENT OF RECEVIABLES 38
2.11 GOLES OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT 40
2.12 CEREDIT ANALYSIS 42
2.13 MANAGEMENT OF MARKABLE SECURITIES 46
2.14 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING MARKETABLE SECURITIES.

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.0 INTRUDUCTION
3.1 POPULATION OF STUDY
3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.3 INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION
3.4 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.5 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
3.6 DECISION RULE

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.
4.0 INTRUDECTION
4.1 PRESENTATION OF AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS – – – – – – – – – –
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – – – – – – –
5.2 COMCLUSION – – – – – – – – – – – –
5.3 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
REFERENCES – – – – – – – – – –
BIBLOGRAPHY – — – – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
QUESTIONNAIRE – – – – – – – – – –

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRUDUCTION:
Current assets as one of the management tolls of business organization are very important in the proper function of business and achievement of organizational goal. Current assets are those assets that are readily without loss in value and interference in the normal process of the business. Management on the other hand involves getting things done through other people by planning, organizing and cordinating. It is also a social and technical proves that utilizes resources and changes human behaviors in the desired direction in order to elicit contribution that will accomplish the objectives of the organization.

Current asset management includes – managerial decisions on how the various component of current asset are to be financial as well as planned policies on the composition level to be maintained and control to be exercised. Current assets comprises of cash, inventories, governments bonds, account reachable (debitos) mark able securities, prepaid expenses and also other assets that are capable of being converted into cash within a relatively short period without interfering with the normal operations of the business. For an organizational goal to be achieved these components of current assets should be efficiently managed.
But sundry debtors and cash tie-up investment funds can also have other costly disadvantages, for this reason, organizations should always seek to minimize or keep optimum stock and cash level of these assets and ideally reduce them to zero. However, reducing them to zero is rarely practical since to do so will result in cash greater of other adverse costs increased. The determination of the optional level for such assets is therefore the result of balancing process between the cost of holding such assets and role associated with not holding than or of holding only small amount.
It is obvious that any mismanagement of these current assets will result to loss of cash, which will eventually have an advice effects in the entire management of the company.

Therefore, any step which can be taken to minimize levels of current assets probably yield large savings in cost. Investigations has shown that many business concerns fail or perform below expectations as a result of the inability to manage their current assets adequately. The importance of a well coordinated current assets, management cannot be over-exaggerated, it goes a long way to boast productivity, availability of funds, profitability and encourages growth and expansion of the company. The researcher therefore tend to investigate and be able to come out with a profitable result on effective and efficient management of current assets in public limited liability companies and suggest possible ways for further improvement.
1.2 BACKGROWND INFORMATION OF THE CASE
STUDY NIGERIAN BAREWERIES PLC

SCOPE OF OPERATION:
Nigerian breweries plc is the pioneer and largest brewing company in Nigeria, was incorporated in 1946, and recorded a landmark when the first bottle of star large beer rolled off the bottling lines in its Lagos brewery in June 1949. This was followed by Aba brewery, which was commissioned in 1957.
Kaduna brewery in 1963 and Ibadan Brewery in 1982. In September 1993, the company acquired its gift brewery in Enugu.
On April 9,2001, it recently christened the Ama green field brewery in Enugu, the largest in Africa. The brewery will be commissioned in October 2003. Thus from its humble beginning in 1946, the company now has five operational breweries from which its high quality products are distributed to all part of this great country.
EXPORT
Nigerian Breweries (NB) plc has an increasing export business that dates back to 1986 currently, they export to the U.K, U.S.A, Italy, Neither lands, Germany and Kenya.

RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT
NB Plc keeps pace with key international developments, thus ensuring that its systems, processes and operational procedures are always in conformity with world-class standards. It is inline with this policy that the company established a research and development center in 1987 to enhance its research activities on all aspects of brewing operations.

ANCILLARY OPERATIONS/SERVICES.
As a major brewing concern, the company encourages the establishment of ancillary business. Many of these organizations and individuals depend largely on the company for their means of live hood. These include manufacturers of bottles croon corks, labels, certons, plastic crates, and such services as hotel

CHALLENGES FACING THE NIGERIA BANKING INDUSTRY

CHALLENGES FACING THE NIGERIA BANKING INDUSTRY

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ABSTRACT
This project work is the challenges facing the Nigeria banking industry. The history of Nigeria banking can be traceable in the early 1820’s with the African banking corporation that was established in Lagos but the corporation did not last as a result of banking habit of the people and consequently ceased operation in 1890.
This project has to do with the problems competitions government interventions, distresses been experienced in the Nigerian banking industry in this present day activities of the banking sector.
This study will attempt to bring on various problems but could be caused and the challenges for customers and also offer solutions on how it could be circumvented.
The study which is not a result of one research but a contribution of research ideas examines the different measures adopted at different occasions by the central bank of Nigeria to curb the challenges facing the Nigeria a banking industry.
The research methods used are primarily secondary since primary data cannot be effectively used at this state of learning. The researcher made use of both historical and survey research method carrying out this investigations.
Finally, findings recommendations and conclusions are drawn. Based on the objectives the findings revealed that challenges has to do written competition as far as banking industries in Nigeria are concerned, and that distress can be run into as a result of these challenges in the banking industry. Based on the findings, recommendations are made on how to improve the challenges facing
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY BANKING IN NIGERIA
1.2 STATEMENT OF STUDY
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.9DELIMITTION OF THE STUDY
1.10 IMPORTANCE BENEFIT OF THE STUDY
1.11 RATIONABLE JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
1.12 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY
1.13 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 ACTIVITIES OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN THE PRESENT DAY IN NIGERIA CONIVERSAL BANKING
2.3 INTRODUCTION OF UNIVERSAL BANKING IN NIGERIA
2.4 GUIDELINES FOR THE PRACTICE OF UNIVERSAL BANKING IN NIGERIA
2.5 ACTIVITIES THAT BANKS CAN UNDERTAKE
2.6 EXPERIENCES ON BANK (DISTRESS AS A RESULT OF (COMPETITION) CHALLENGES) CHALLENGES FACED.
2.7 CAUSES OF DISTRESS IN BANKING INDUSTRY
2.8 BRIEF SURVEY OF BANK DISTRESS IN NIGERIA
2.9 MANAGEMENT OF BANK DISTRESS
REFERENCE.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.
2.10 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.1 SECONDARY METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.2 LOCATION OF DATA
3.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA.
CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
4.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMMERCIAL BANKING IN NIGERIA
The historical background of commercial banking in Nigeria can be traceable to early 1820, where the African banking corporation in Lagos established a commercial bank. These corporations did not last due to some limitation encountered as a result of banking habit of the people and consequently leased operation in 1890. However, in the same year. The British bank of West Africa (now know as first bank plc) was also in corporate in London and became operational in Nigeria in 1894. Moreover, this bank enjoyed absolute money of banking business in Nigeria a until 1916 when colonial bank was established. Due to the dynamic and aggressive operation of colonial bank, there was a reduction in the dominance of the BBWA (British banking of West Africa). In 1925 a consortium of three banks (banclays bank Anglo Egyptian bank and national bank of South Africa) took over the assets and liabilities of colonial bank and metamorphosed as banclays bank D.C.O. (dominion, colonial and over seas). Consequently, following the emergence of banclay D.C. O. (now on bank of Nigeria of plc) other expatriate bank of west Africa bank of America chase, mantiattan bank etc. it was observe that the expatriate interest and this led to the establishment of industrial and commercial bank in 1929 with the primary aim of taking care of the special banking interest of Nigeria entrepreneurs. Mean while this bank went into liquidation in 1930.
In additional of the indigenous bank were established which comprise of the Nigeria merchant bank (1931), national banking of Nigeria plc (1933), agbomagbe bank ltd (1945) African continental bank plc (1947). The indigenization decree of 1973, bought to an end of the operation of expatriate banks in Nigeria as the decree empowered the federal government to acquired 40% equity share of all expatriate banks.
STATEMENT OF STUDY:
The task of this study is to identify the extent of challenges facing the Nigeria banking industry. The effect of these challenges to either the reduction or increasement of response time to her customer needs.
It is a well- known fact that the competition in the new generational banking activities is beginning to give concern to both rich and poor of this economy. Though attempts has been made by both government and private bodies in trying to look into this word “challenges” been faced by trying to meet up with task of answering new generational bank in the services multiple or universal been rendered by banks nowadays. However, though then central bank of Nigeria has also tried her best in look into this problem by the services she renders to these banks such debts. Management functioning, monetary function just to mention but few but still none of this aforementioned function seems to help the situation. Therefore, the so considered dynamic out of all which is the monetary function which has to such monetary control techniques which is as follows:
• Open market operation
• Bank rate
• Moral suasion
• Liquidity ratio
• Legal reserve ratio
• Special deposits.
But yet this efforts by the CBN (central bank of Nigeria) seen not to help the