THE NATIONAL EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON FOREIGN DEBT SERVICE IN NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT

This Project is on the national effects of Exchange Rate changes on foreign debt services on Nigeria. It run over a time series of nine years and examines how fluctuations on exchange rate has made it difficult for the country’s debt services.
The method use in dreaming these affects is the ordinary least square method of regression Technique. The work shows critically the effects of exchange rate changes on debt services in Nigeria. Through the method used above, the reason for the increase in external debt over the years was discovered. Among them were fared imbalances, fund of Projects that are not feasible, fund of Projects that are not feasible et.
At the end, these factors were analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) regressing techniques whereby a linear model was formulated to analyze individual influences of exchange rate changes on some variables such as the debts service payment etc.
After these studies, the researcher recommends that a committee be set up to check excessive borrowings and ensure that borrowed funds are used for projects that initiated the borrowing only investments (project) that are capable of yielding more fund to the government should be pursed.
Also, the improve debt services in the country.
The amount of borrowing form outside country should be reduced and the government should learn to use its own resources i.e. borrow from wealthy individuals and private organs within the country.

CHAPTER ONE
INTNRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Formulation of hypotheses
1.6 Scope band limitations of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
References

CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature review
2.2 Evolution of Nigeria’s exchange rate policy
2.3 Exchange rate regimes
2.4 Commerce of Nigeria’s external borrowing
2.5 Nigeria’s external debt servicing
2.6 Foreign debt management
2.7 Evidence
References

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHOLOLOGY
3.1 Research design
3.2 Source of data
3.3 Selection of variables
3.4 Estimation procedure
3.5 Methods for evaluation of results
Reference
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Presentation of data
4.2 Data evaluation estimation and testing of hypotheses
4.3 Interpretation of data
References

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 major findings summary and conclusions
5.1 Major findings
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Summary
5.4 Conclusions
Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
By the year 1970’s and early 1980’s external debt obligation of Nigeria was very significant, but assumed crisis and disagreement in the late 1990’s.
However, external debt or internal debt obligations results from disagreements between the Fiscal operations of the government when the total expenditure exceeds current revenue for a govern fiscal year. Whenever a county witnesses a budgetary gap, the nation can employ domestic or external borrowing to breach the budgetary gap.
Borrowing from external sources by the government constituted the external debt of the public sector and the government owned the obligation of debt servings through series of periodic repayment of interest and capital repayment of the debt.
From the proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP), the external debt outstanding rose, from and average of 7.5 between 1971 and1985 to 91.6 between 1986 and 1994 and it has continues to rise by heaps and bounds every year. The foreign exchange market to ensure
reasonable stability. The major element of the deregulation was the re-introduction of the Autonomous foreign exchange market (AFEM). The AFEM is a channel for funding end- users requests for foreign exchange at market-determined rates. The CBN monitors development in the AFEM and take decisions when necessary to keep exchange rates within desired or targeted levels.
Originally, the Fixed exchange rate of $1.00 = N22.00 was retained for eligible public sector transactions including debt services payment and national priority projects.
The are-introduction of the usual exchange rate policy is 1995 brought about by the dismal performance of the 1994 re-regulation policy, especially as it regulated to non-oil exports. This new policy was aimed addressing the substantial depreciation of the Naira exchange rate in the parallel market and achieving rate in the parallel market and achieving efficient allocation and utilization of resources. The dual exchange rate was still obtainable until the end of 1998. While the official rate remained fixed at N21.996 to us $ 1.00 and earmarked for selected necessary government transactions The AFEM exchange rate was largely market – determined and the AFEM rate averaged about N83.80 to us $ 1.00 and latter showed a significant depreciation of about 3.1% to N85.54 to Us $ 1.00.
Since 1998 till date, there has been tremendous changes and fluctuations in the exchange rate of Naira to the Dollar. This has dealt a great blow to the debt service payment of Nigeria go about pleading for debt conciliation and debt forgiveness from the international bodies

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This research is designed on the national effect exchange rate in Nigeria became an external debtor in 1958 when Us $ 28 million was contracted for railway construction. This debt however has fully been repaid.
From 1978 onwards, due to the oil glut, which exerted considerable pressure on government finances, it became expedient to borrow for balance of payments and support of project Financing in Nigeria.
This necessity led to the formulation of degree no. 30 of 1978 authorizing the federal government to raise external federal government to raise external loans up to maximum of N5billion.
Consequently, the First major borrowing of US $ 1 billion referred to as the “JUMBO LOAN” was borrowed from the international capital market (1cm) in 1978, increasing the total external debt stock to us $ 2. 2 billion By 1982, the total external debt stock was US 8 13. 1 billion in 1988 and by December 1991 it amounted to US 833.4 billion.

Consequently, these drastic since 1978 from concessionary loans from the intentional capital market and the decline in export earnings

made debt servicing burdensome from the 1980’s. The collapse et oil price in 1981 have companioned the problems et an economy that had lost its edibility and led to serious external payments problems, other problems are domestic policy lapses which include
The unstable and unrealistic exchange rate policies have

Domestic bunk lending and its exisects in the Nigeria economy.

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ABSTRACT
This project work was under taken to bring out some of the problems encountered by banks a leading to their customers the result of their findings and the recommendation of how those problems will be tackled and the solution. We can find out that from this project, one of the major problems encountered by banks in leading the repayment of the loans. Borrowers especially the small scale farmers tacked away in the remote villages behaving that the loans they recurred are their share of the national cake’’ and they do not make any attempt to repay their loans.
This project being an analytical research data from secondary source were mainly used. The information came from CBN regulation, publication newspapers write ups and annual reports of some of the banks. My finding revues that most of the bank grant short term loans and they also regard the bank to prevent their statement of accounts if they do not have account with the bank to prevent a guarantor who will repay the loan if the customer were unable to met all these their requirements.
I recommend that the federal government should allow the bank a little more room to specified because most of the time when the central bank of Nigeria comes up with her credit guidelines she dose not take into consideration the loan demand situation in the areas in which various banks are located of economic situation where some banks hardly get customer.

TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE
TITLE CHAPTERS I
APPROVAL PAGE 11
DEDICATION 111
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
ABSTRACT V

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
RESEARCH QUESTION 4
SIGNIFICATION OF STUDY 5
DEFINITION OF TERMS 6
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 7
LIMITATION OF STUDY 7

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 8-31
IN COMMERCIAL BANK OF CO-OPERATIVE
AND COMMERCE BANK (NIG) LIMITED
IN DEVELOPMENT BANK OF (NIG) INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT BANK
IN MERCHANT BANK OF INTERNATIONAL MERCHANT BANK
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 52
SOURCE OF DATA /SECONDARY DATA
CHAPTER FOUR
FINDINGS 33-35
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION AND COLLUSION 36-40
BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study.
Domestic bank lending bring out problems encountered by bank in lending to their customers, these statement reports the lending policy of a bank at a particular time, the bank activities and resulting profit or losses during the most recent period and the flow of resources occurring within the bank during the same period.
Furthermore, to the central bank of Nigeria this will be use to them because they have to adjust their already stipulated credit guideline central bank of Nigeria usually demands a minimum lending to earn sector but the merchant bank loan are mainly to the manufacturing sectors but they cant expand loans to these sectors because of CBN restrictive guideline before loans are given under the corporate impartment the purpose of the loan has to be stated, financial information has to use produced one of collateral is adequate export will be made to increase collateral offered by borrowers.
Domestic bank lending, more especially include the commercial bank merchant banks and development banks. As regards commercial bank it was observed that their prospective borrowers must have large amount of money in his/ her account before he could borrow money from them. And all these contributed a lot towards the problems facing domestic bank lending.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The period we witnessed in decline in the terms of economic activity in Nigeria due to the oil glut, this period witnessed declining oil revenue, choosing down of factories a show down on investment security of raw material and retrenchment. During this period, the government were involved in a lot of measures to revamp the economy and most of its policies where implemented through the domestic bank. From the economic activity decline overall, the level of domestic out put, which improved slightly in 1979, stagnated in their was a decrease in the money supply but bank credit increased that their by 1.408.3 million at 16. 6% increase compared with 1989.
In 1990, development was unsatisfactory, industrial production fill petrol production fill sharply due to the glut, but agriculture witnessed as improved by 3.4% credit by banks during this period increased by 50.8% to 10, 2685.5 million, the factor being credit expansion to the government. In 1992, there was a continuous decline in production compared to 1991 increase were minimal bank credit rose from 34.7% to 21.899.7 million, this was borne mainly by commercial banks whose loans and advance to the private sector increased to 10, 453.5 million
In 1993, economy was in severe mess. Agriculture decline because of natural disasters, this affected mainly all subsections industry plummeted pectoris closed down, crude oil out put went further down construction fill, but bank credit increased by 50% to 5.5million. In 1994, there was no significant change from the 1993 figures; the continuous decline was still there and government measures. Were basically the same? In 1995, the economy went into a depression but there was increased in GDP, which rose by 2.4% in contrast with 93/94 decline where there was a full in the increase of bank credit 4.9% compared with 10.5% lending was low at the beginning but plucked up in July to 32.7 billion.
With the economy talking its particular trend there. Came a cry for diversification of the economy which is heartily dependent on oil, the only why this could be solved was through loans by banks to the right sectors of the economy, the CBN and its regulations through her bank policies saw the need for the scope and nature of the bank policies for large urban banks, and changed considerably, social and economic changes outside of banking also accurate during the period. This is the goal and operational policies of this system and its related institutional structure was questioned on the grounds of her computability with the solution to a number of critical social and environmental problems. Especially in the rural

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF REVENUE GENERATION BY THE GOVERNMENT.

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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

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ABSTRACT

Revenue generation in Nigeria has played a very pivotal role ever since the importance has be widely known especially since the era of oil boom and it is infavour of this background that I was motivated to write on the topic ‘’the problem and prospects of revenue generation by the government’’ simple because the revenue has been abused squarely by the government recently.
Chapter one will eposes the background of the study from different writers /professors that is their various definitions and expositions, it will also reveal some of the significance of the study to the nation and students who would like to write on similar topic.
Chapter two, will nation elaborate more on the traced dignitaries who have written more on the topic about the past and previous problems and prospects of revenue generation in the nation since inception?
Chapter three, explains how the researcher collected the data for the completion of the project which is basically through literature search that is secondary data which data which is located from school library and federal and state library.
Chapter four, explains the findings by the researcher on what are problems associated to the disbursement of revenue generation and the suggested prospects or solution from the research towards the generation by the government likewise the disbursement.
Finally, chapter five, the researcher is recommending a principle toward the revenue generation to create-effective handling by the government which is suggested to be beneficial to the government and the nation.

TABLE OF CONTENT.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1, INTRODUCTION
1.2, STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3, PURPOSE /OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4, SIGNIFICANCE OR IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5, LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.6, DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO
2.1, REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE
3.1, RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.2, SOURCE OF DATA USED
3.3, LOCATION OF DATA
3.4, METHOD OF RESEARCH /DATA COLLECTION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER ONE
1.1, INTRODUCTION

Revenue transaction comprises all the activities of a given organization both private and public sectors which connected with revenue planning revenue rating and revenue generation. The problems and prospects of revenue generation by the government has been a burden to various sectors of the economy.
Revenue disposition and liquidation also creates a great mischief in the development of the country. over the years government have been showing emphasis on the factors that give rise to the problems and prospects of revenue generation .since the growth and survival or expansion of any country depends on its sources of revenue generation . Revenue can be defined as the sources where by people and government both private and public bodies can obtain to raise money or capital in order to execute its projects. Revenue generation can be grouped on the basis of its sources or uses but due to the disabled situation of earning only two classes of revenue generation may be analyzed and evaluated in this context there are internal generation revenue and external revenue generation. Internal generated revenue consist of community rates, community taxes, local license fee, Hawkers permit fee marriage, Birth, and Death fee, also others include earnings from environmental sanitation fee, palm wine taper license fee market tools, motor park fee, sewing institute fee, toll gate fee, customary right of occupancy e.t.c. Revenue can be generated externally through grants from federal and state government and equally other agencies statutory allocations from the federation and state government accounts. Obviously revenue generation is quite essential for the effective payment of the workers salaries and also to enable them carry out its capital projects although this concept needs a greats approach for the survival and expansion of the country, because without the basic channels of revenue earnings the councils aims and objectives may be ruined down. For this issue, many revenue generators depends their mind on how to make private money instead of giving adequate account there by regarding the convention as a gambling game and the problem has pulled the mind of the image of the concerned citizens who want to sustain the image of their nation there by drawing their attention and effort towards the problems and prospects of revenue generation is something that the government board of inquiry should put in their mind because through the recent observation showed that these incidence occurs as a result of improper management in the field of revenue generation. These problems may the regarded as an epidemic disease among the revenue generations and equally the concerned revenue officers of the government without the valid statement that revenue is vital and consistent in the running of any capital projects, there by making it to be efficient and effective.
Revenue has been defined as the price of goods sold and services rendered during a given time period (Walter B meigs) seas revenue as a situation where by an organization renders essential services to sits customers and rescues the immediate cash payment. It is also defined as the sales of merchandise and is commonly characterized by a decrease in an asset to recognize the expenses of obtaining the sales. (J.C.Odike) Defined revenue as the amount realized from the sales of the products of a firm.
Finally, the government accounting series sees the problems of revenue generation as the following.
Lack of expert knowledge as the research made so far the problems of revenue generation occurs as a result of unskilled personnel because most of the revenue generators donts know how to ascertain proper accounting records and procedure. The negation effects of this is that most of the top management official committee for this issue. In other to over come this problems revenue generators must be enlightened on how to keep adequate accounting records.
Secondly, obsolete and counter feint money also creates another problems in revenue generation this problem emanate as a result of poor circulation of money since money generated is not purely. Verified and checked. Money generated must be purely examined before collection and submission to the recurring cashier of the government.
Thirdly, loss of revenue earning books leads to problems of revenue generation, since this book contain a lot of information about revenue records, therefore, adequate care must be taken to minimize this incidence and equally revenue-earning books must be kept privacy.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
The increasing rate of careless attitude towards revenue generation by the government and individuals is a thing of concern especially to a country
Ours and prospects by the government influence the survival and growth of the country. These problems occur as a result of improper planning and management, counter feint, forged receipt and loss of revenue earring books. Over the years government have been raising issues on revenue

THE COURSE OF THE COURSES AND EFFECTS OF MISMANAGMENT IN THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION AND THE POSIBLE SOLUTIONS

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CHAPTER ONE:

1.1 The background of the study
1.2 Statement of problems
1.3 Objective of study
1.4 Significance of study
1.5 Limitation of study
1.6 Definition of terms
1.7 Reference

CHAPTER TWO:
2.1 Review related to literature
2.1 Courses of financial mismanagement in the financial institution
2.3 Unqualified accountant staff having the account book as a measure.
2.4 Inflation of the contracts
2.5 Perfect funding in the financial institution
2.6 God-fatherism
2.7 Poor loan recovery machinery
2.8 The effect of financial mismanagement in the financial institution.
2.9 effects on the staff

CHATER THREE:
3.1 Research methodology
3.2 Source of secondary data
3.3 Population sample
3.4 Instrument of data collection
3.5 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR:
4.1 Analysis of data presentation

CHAPTER FIVE:
5.0 Recommendation and conclusion
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Summary of the findings
5.4 Biography

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A financial institution is an organize body concern with the management of money. This to say that the institution is responsible for the lending and borrowing of money. In other word, it is the institution involved in financial intermediation where money is mobilized and is channeled from the public settings. Those who have surplus fund want to invest in productive activity. Some of this institution in Nigeria is the commercial bank, stock exchange market, merchant bank, CBN, insurance market and the development banks.

Mismanagement is defined by land man English dictionary version as control with private, public, or business affaire badly or unskillfully.
Mismanagement is also defined by Oxford English dictionary as mismanaged, improper administration to manage wrongly. The financial mismanagement according to the above definition may be improper administration, wrong uses of money, and inadequate collateral security of granting loan.
Misappropriation of money or management of finances unskillfully.

They are good in selling of security. They are sources of revenue to the government. They help the government extremely in the internal trade. They also provide a lot of advice to the government. To the public and private individual affairs. The bank grant loan on advance and make locally or outside Nigeria. In fact they performer a variety of function to safety the financial need of all the type of costumers form small personnel account holder to the big incorporated organization. That is by accepting of deposit, safe custody agency service etc.

The industry has gone beyond the optimistic of the period of years. The number of the expanded in five funds. The variety of the bank increase and promote the growth of industrial fraud due to the craze fore material wealth, inflating of contracts, God-fattherism, poor management and other bank matinee contribute extremely to the constant report of financial management in the financial institution. Even the marketer in this institution has been complaining that hunger and starvation have killed them due to the inability of the managers to pay their salaries. This has all happen due to misappropriation of fund meant for salaries.
Reporting of riot, workers unrest or strike of worker which brig a lot impact on the economy not function effectively. Something costumer in those institution accused there accountant manager of embezzling their money 1.e in lies in cooperative and commercial bank.
In this case, mismanagement result a great effect over many sectors of life of the above mentioned such as companies, individuals, workers and the economy as a whole. The tendency to embezzle and get rich quick mentality has continued down the line.
“The service act of financial institution in Nigeria”

Furthermore, mismanagement in the financial institution make then unable to tackle their problems and obligation like paying of task to the government, cash reserve rate, worker salaries giving out loan etc.

After the overthrown of the last civilians government in the country. Much financial institution made a lot of staggering discovery to fund misappropriation through inflated contracts, bribery and kick back etc.since then, the Nigeria economy has become a big body up till today.
Mismanagement in this financial institution has contributed to a large extent to the various draw-backs that inhibits the infrastructures growth in financial and non-available of loan and to the payment of salaries. This has also created a lot of imbalance to the government in the revenue generation. Therefore it is necessary that a research like this be carried out to fix the problems of mismanagement of bank of fund in our financial institution.

In Nigeria, financial institution is one of most important institution, which is responsible fore the countries economic growth. Without financial institution like banks, stock exchange market, insurance market, etc, Nigeria and other countries will find it very difficult to transact their business together.

Financial institution performs some duties to the country state and to the individuals. Due to this service rendered by these financial institutions, banking in Nigeria has gone through a very dramatic change within these decades. Some companies wound up till today. In fact, financial analyst put public fund misuse and those smuggled outside the country at several million of Naira.
Finally, the various officer mostly the manager and cashier of those institutions are accused of the abnormal. The research went into dept in finding out the true situation. Managers contributed the majority of the respondent used. Useful interview were concluded with the important officers to finally commission help to get the root of the problems.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In this aspect, it well known facts that adequate management in the financial institution will enable them play their role as supposes and enable them archive their goal and objective. They are unable to perform their role in selling of security paying of tack, which is source of revenue for the government, help in the international trade etc. they thereby encounter some problem, which may be stated as follows;
 They are finding themselves unable to meet the costumers demand.
 There is persistence lose.
 They are having poor turnover.
 There is lack of trust by there customers in, as much they don’t invest in there firm anymore.
 Unable to abide by the set out laws especially the financial ordinance.
 Costumers withdr

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETRY POLICY ON THE BANKINGF SECTOR IN NIGERIA

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Background of the study
1.3 Statement of problems
1.4 Purpose/objective
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
1.8 Reference

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of related literature
2.1 Reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Research design and methodology
3.2 Source of data (secondary source only)
3.3 Limitation of data
3.4 Method of data collection (literature work only)

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 FINDINGS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS AND
5.2 CONCLUSION.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Monetary polices in Nigeria and the United Kingdom, the central bank of Nigeria and the bank of England act as advisers to the government over monetary polices. The authorities take the final decision on the matters. In Germany, the contrast in the case because the German central, the bunds bank of Germany has a constitutional independency in setting the monetary polices.

The central bank of Nigeria lender the federal ministry of finance (FMF), we have the central bank of Nigeria and this is the apex of the regulatory institution of the Nigeria financial sector. The bank promotes and maintains monetary stability as well as issuing sound and effective financial system in Nigerian. It issue legal tender i.e. currency note and coins in Nigeria and maintain Nigeria external reserve to safeguard the national value of legal currency. The CBN has the responsibility of formulating and implementing the monetary and exchange rate policies for Nigeria and many other functions that they perform in Nigeria.
The central bank of Nigeria has been able to excise its statutory power through its monetary polices and developmental function in promoting monetary and economic stability. In Nigeria for example, by controlling the, quality and directions of credits, monetary polices and optimum quality of money supply has been maintained and this enhances the economic stability. It development function encourage the establishment of necessary development bank and financial institutions wh8ich assist the economic development.

The effectiveness of any central bank hinges crucially on its ability to promote monetary stability. Attainment of monetary stability rest on the central bank, the ability to involve effective monetary polices and to implement then efficiently. Nigerian bank and other bank were operated without nay control in their availability and supply of money and circulation and this has brought an effect in our economic development and also distress among banks. As time went further, the central bank of Nigeria decided to introduce a new policy called the monetary policy in the banking sector and through the introduction of that monetary policy into banking industries helps many banks and also in our economy to stabilize the value of money.
The central bank of Nigeria introduces this policy with some instrument to the banking activities and such instrument is as follows;
1.open market operation
2. Moral section
3. Legal reserve and etc.
So monetary policy is a vital policy used by monetary authorities to control the availability of money in circulation that will help both in our economy and also in our banking sector.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
It is quite clear that there has been a recorded progress made by the CBN toward resolving the identified structure imbalance in the banking operation (Akinni 1986) nevertheless, there have been still some problem as to the implementation of the monetary policy in the banking sector.

There is the problem of effectiveness of monetary policy as a tool of banking management. Some of the tool to acess includes the discount rate, legal reserve ratio and open market operation and these tools are expected to
1. Meet up with the challenges of the abnormal and unforeseen demand deposition for repayment of their deposits.
2. Articulate way of moping access liquidity for the credence