THE EFFECT OF HIGH INTEREST RATE IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Limitation of the study
1.6 Definition of terms
1.7 Reference
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Meaning of the small-scale industry
2.3 Government policy
2.4 Reference

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Source of data (secondary data)
3.3 Secondary data
3.4 Limitations of data
3.5 Method of data collection (Literature work)
3.6 Reference

CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS
4.1 Findings

CHAPTER FIVE: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Biography.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 GROUND OF THE STUDY
The successive development plan in Nigeria has laid on the attainment of self-reliance. The need for this national objective is because much is expected form individual from the viewpoint of providing employment opportunity; self-reliance is the basic for food and material production of the industrial raw materials.
But Nigeria small-scale industry continues to decline despite the so-called priority giving to this sector. However, the discoveries of the central bank must reserve a proportion of their minimum credit allocation for indigenous borrowers for small-scale enterprises. The largest prescribed in 1979 was 10%. This was subsequently raised to 16 percent in 1980 and had remained at that level till date. Even though the available data shows that the performance of the commercial against this directive have been disappointing the central bank intents to spare no effort in ensuring that bank fully comply without compromising the smooth functioning of the national banking systems.
Without the development of the small-scale industry in Nigeria, the national guest for industrialization will certainly remain at a stake. It the humble opinion of the researcher that future development in our induet4ization must address the basic issue of creating linkage within the economy to begin to produce real input to our manufacturing activities. Priority attention must therefore be giving to industry for which domestic input; could easily produce of this by automatically bringing to mind the agro-allied industry like food processing and other by-products, the objective should be to maximize the value added to them in processing and manufacturing as final goods or immediate inputs.
Empirical evidence indicate that strong producer incentive to small scale industry are necessarily o met the food requirement but also to provide growing input supplied and demand as a foundation for sustained industrial growth. The present economic constraint may well turn out to be a blessing in disguise to our industrialization effort particularly for the dynamic manufacturing sector for instance the market determined exchange rate through them with its resultant at high cost, and import input may serve as the adjustment to industrialist to intensify their search for location institution..
In the period of 1980 to 1985, loan approved for small scale project in the Nigeria bank for commerce and industry (NCB) amount to 29, 983 million for 126 projects while the Nigeria industrial development bank (NIDB) during the Same period sutured N250.7 million to the enterprise. It will be recall that all the bank participating in the national directorate of employment (NDE) have approve a total amount of N 23,353,938 (73.2%) as at the end of December 2002.
Similarly in the circular of small scale and medium scale enterprises, loan scheme release by the central bank of Nigeria in September 2005. it was reviewed that world bank have granted a loan of 270 million to the federal government for development of small sector, but of this loan, the sum of 265.7 million will be made available for on lending to small and medium scale enterprises through eligible participating bank. No doubt this will help to revitalize the economy.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Small-scale industry like any other business can not be carried on extensively unless fund are available for maintenance and procurements of equipment in necessary input.
a. Short term credit: this is the type of credit that is used to finance yearly operation until the products and proceeds from the industry are sold. The amount, which is involved in this type of credit, is usually small. But small-scale industrialists who have little or no savings upon which to draw, they are mostly beginners and do not accurately feel lack of this credit.
b. Long-term loan: this type of credit is necessary for the acquisition of major industrial machines, improvement on the major

THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN BREAD INDUSTRY. (A CASE STUDY OF FREEDOM BAKERY ENUGU – NGWO 1995 – 2005.

A CASE STUDY OF FREEDOM BAKERY ENUGU – NGWO, (1995 – 2005).

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ABSTRACT

This research work was aimed at list for creating ideas on how to amend financial problems of Nigerian Bread Industry. Using freedom bakery Enugu-examined the commitment of the bakery service and better advice in the appropriate of the quality of financial service to be used so as to increase the financial sector of the freedom backery industry.
– Other objectives are to determine how this financial service quality helps to generate patronage for the bakery.
– To determine how reliable is the financial service system of the bakery.
– And determine how long is taking freedom bakery in it’s term of financial problem to still produce it’s product.
– To achieve this, directly related literature was reviewed.
Also questionnaires were distributed to both the management and staff of the freedom bakery and their responses as well as to collect data to test the hypotheses for the study.
The population of this study is restricted to the relevant staff / management which is about (100,000) Hundred thousand. The sample size was determined (Three Hundred and Ninety-eight).
In analyzing the research instrument used, chi-square method of statistical analysis were used to analyse and test of hypotheses.
The findings of the study are as follows:
– Payment of salary in freedom bakery has helped in generating patronage to the bakery.
– Raw materials delivery system of the bread industry is reliable.
– The transportation system of freedom is adequate to customers.
Again other findings were made apart from those resulting from hypothesis and they include:
– More than half of the customers that filled the questionnaires administered to them felt that the staff of the industry are not friendly.
– The productivity of industry staff depends not only on the monetary compensation but also on how their efforts are appreciated and enhanced
– Precisely 89.32% of the customers believed the industry has really lived to its promises.
Based on the above findings, the following recommendations were equally made:
– the performance of freedom bread industry can indeed be enhanced if the perceptivity in service delivery is maintained and improved upon.
– The staff of the industry are human and through the industry is trying to have a firm standard in the industry, a lot should be done to ensure that the time staff spend in working does not totally wear them out thereby leaving nothing left in them to improve productivity.
– The policies establishing quality and which is a guide to quality assurance department should be constantly referred to meet up their ever-changing environment of business, technological change and human unpredictable factor.
– The industry should maintained its stand as relates in profitability, performance and quality service delivery, it should leave no stone unturned.
Finally if the above recommendations are strictly adhered to the bakery will definitely always involve on its apex expectations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 hypothesis formulation
1.5 Significant of the study
1.6 scope of the study
1.7 definition of the terms

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview of the study
2.2 Service reliability
2.3 Importance of service of marketing
2.4 Overview of quality
2.5 Dimensions of quality
2.6 Satisfaction of profitability
2.7 Measuring of service quality
2.7.1 The place of quality service
2.7.2 Bakery customer relationship
2.7.3 Service delivery
2.8 Impact of service quality on freedom bakery Enugu – Ngwo
2.9 Total quality management and freedom bakery
Reference

CHAPTER THREE: RESEACHER METHODOLOGY.
3.1 Sources of data
3.2 Population of the study
3.3 Determination of the sample size
3.4 research instrument used
3.5 Sapling technique / data treatment and analysis
3.6 Limitations
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.
4.1 Hypotheses testing

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion.
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix (l)
Appendix (ll)
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The performance of Bread Industries in Nigeria has been viewed by many from, different perceptivity. Assets, quality and managerial efficiency have been seen by many as determinants of Bread Industries performance, while a reasonable percentage of identified capital adequacy, as critical for Bread Industry performance. Other factors have also been seen, as determinants of industry performance like Bread Industry liquidity.
A service is any act or performance that one party can affet to another that is essentially intangibility of a service makes it mandatory that the recipient must hold on to something which he/she will term to be quality so as to encourage patronage and patronage can only be enhanced when the recipient is catisfied with the services resaved. (See love lock 200 – 300)
DAVELOPMENT OF FREEDOM BAKERY INDUSTRY ENUGU –NGWO.
Freedom Bakery Industry was licensed in Enugu – Ngwo in Enugu – State on 20th December 1972 to carry on currently capitalized at N5,000,000 million.
The Industry is firmly believes that getting the right people and the correct operating philosophy as essential in setting a part or bakery in a dready competitive Nigerian bakery industry.
The bakery Industry is a private industry with seven members in its board of directors, headed by Chief Ozokwo Isreal A. as the owner. It has I branch, Enugu State.
The objective / mission of the bakery industry is “TO CREATE A UNIQUE NATIONAL, BAKERY MARKETING BUSSINESS FOCUSED ON PROVIDING CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO CUSTOMERS BUSINESS PROBLEMS WITH AN ABSOLUTE COMMITMENT IN QUALITY”. The bakery also has a vision and it is “A SOLD BAKERY INDUSTRY WITH EFFECTIVE PRESENCE IS IN NIGERIA – ENUGU STATE.
The Bakery Industry has objectives and they geared towards developing a good working relationship based real understanding of the need of the clients through efficient and responsive customer service.
The services offered include:-
i. Sales and Supply.
ii. Supermarkets.
iii. Caterers.
iv. Public Relationship.
v. Supply of Labour.
vi. Industrial Materials.
vii. Poultry.
viii. Farm and Crops Promotion.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
This research work is designed to identify Financial Problem of bread industry in Nigeria, using freedom bakery Enugu – Ngwo as a case study.

THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA ECONOMY.
(A CASE STUDY OF ALPHA PAPER MILL LTD OGIDI)

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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Objectives/need for the study
1.5 Basic research questions
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definitions of terms

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 literature review
2.1 Presentation and analysis of data
2.2 Sources of finance available to Alpha paper mills Ltd
2.3 Problems of financing Alpha paper Mills Ltd.

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 sources of data
3.2 Location of data
3.3 Methods of data collection
3.4 Methods of data investigation

CHAPTER FOUR
Summary

CHAPTER FIVE
Recommendation
Conclusion
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
Finance has been identified as one of the major factors for the development of small-scale industries in Nigeria economy. For the establishment of small-scale business in Nigeria, the first factor to consider is the availability and source of fund for setting up the industry. Small-scale business is an organization that can be measured by various characteristics and some of these are its sales volume, capital investment, ownership structure and the number of paid employees.
Small-scale industry has been give different definitions by the people and authorities at different times. However, the level of capital employed remains a relevant factor for identifying the small-scale industries operations.
Based on the general nation in the third national development plan 1976 – 1980 a small scale industry means an industrial understanding involving and undertaking total investment of up to but not exceeding (N150, 000)
Having examined the definition with regards to the concept of small scale business, it is dammed necessary, for the purpose of this study to provide a basic frame work by adopting a more common definition small scale industry in Nigeria economy could be defined as one while is independently owned and operate. This definition is similar in scope of the one defined above by the authority in that it emphasizes independent ownership and management, and relative small-scale size in its area of operations.
Some small-scale business start having problems from their very beginning due to amount of capital invested by the owners. This is because immediately the initial capital is used up, the business is finished.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Small-scale businesses are not due to take business ventures with high yielding potentials because of the numerous problems in obtaining adequate fund. These financial problems hamper all-important objectives of the business, its growth and survival.
This study is aimed at identifying these problems and determine to what extent these problems could be solved for the over all welfare of the small-scale business in the state in particular and nation in general.
It is hoped that by the end of the whole study, the problems facing small scale industrial credit financing in the country will be identified and solution profiled.

1.3

THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ON BANKING FINANCE STUDENTS
(A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to find out the Impact of Industrial Training on Banking and Finance Students of I.M.T. Enugu. The project was divided into four chapters. Chapter one dealt with Background of the study scope of the study and limitation of the study.
Chapter two looked at the methodology used for the research, while chapter three gave a vertical analysis of the Related Literature Review, Historical Background of Industrial Training Fund and Development of SIWES.
A summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion were draw in chapter four.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Purpose of the study 3
1.3 Significance of the study 3
1.4 Scope of the study 4
1.5 Limitations of the study 5
1.6 Research questions 5
1.7 Definition of terms 6
Reference 7

CHAPTER TWO:
2.0 Review of Literature 8
2.1 Historical background of industrial training fund
and development of siwes – aims 9
Reference 16
CHAPTER THREE:
3.0 Research Design and Mythology 17
3.1 Design of the study 17
3.2 Procedure for data analysis 17
3.3 Population 18
3.4 Sample 18
3.5 Instrument used in data collection 18
3.6 Administration 19
3.7 Description of data used in gathering instrument 19
3.8 Data presentation and analysis 20
3.9 Industrial work experience scheme in banking and finance 22
3.10 Importance of SIWES
Reference 25
CHAPTER FOUR:
Summary of Finding, Conclusion and Recommendation 26
4.1 Summary of Finding 26
4.2 Recommendation 27
4.3 Conclusion 28
Bibliography 29
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As a result of Increasing School Leavers Unemployment in the 1970s the Nigerian Government Introduced the new National Policy on Education in 1981. A major provision of the policy was the Introduction of the training of Banking and Finance Studies of Junior Secondary School (JSS) Level with emphasis on total acquisition of practical skills valve and knowledge that would enable Individuals live meaningfully in the society.
One of the reason for the emphasis on Banking and Finance Studies is the fact that it is a skilled course which would equip its graduates with the needed skills for gainful employment even if they terminate that formal education at the Junior Secondary School Level. This is ensure that courses are taught according to the curriculum and using appropriate methodologies for the subject. It is not possible to teach a student to operate a computer machine nor effectively, without the computer machine nor is it possible to teach a student to operate a proportional spacing of typewriter without such a typewriter for teachers to teach Banking and Finance subject. They must have a thorough knowledge of the subject and certificate in the area, so that they can demonstrate their skill properly for the students to understand and emulate. Noah (1971) and Thompson (1964). The writers stressed that the individual will acquire skills and reach the stated goal by watching on expect and by practisng this I believe that the individual in addition to this, should be given enough practise to enable him master the art.
In other to enhance the study of Banking and Finance there is the need for student to go on field trip. For there will permit students to study equipment and the layout of office and store procedure and study the relationship between department. For effective and efficient work experience it is good that the Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) as a medium created to expose students to the realities of the world of work in the various disciplines. It enable students watch theoretical classroom knowledge with practical work environment through work or practise. Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme is aimed at the knowledge to technology for the advancement of the nation. Since it was recalled that SIWES programme was originally designed for processional courses. Such as Banking and Finance, Environment Studies, Engineering, vocational. From the above facts, it becomes clear that if the lofty dreams of the nation is to be feasible, the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) should be encouraged all concerned to enhance the technological advancement of the nation.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at investigating the impact of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme on Banking and Finance Students. The merits and demerits of the training to Banking and

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOAN SYNDICATION IN NIGERIA ECONOMIC.

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ABSTRACT
In summary of this, the objective of this study therefore are to look at the operations of loan syndication in Nigeria. The study will also give suggestions on how the problem of loan syndication can be solved to improve the practice of loan syndication in Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 4
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 7

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8
2.1 FEATURES OF LOAN SYNDICATION
2.2 PARTIES OF LOAN SYNDICATION
2.3 THE BORROWER
2.4 THE LEAD BANK
2.5 THE PARTICIPATING BANKS

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 SOURCES OF DATA 18
3.2 LOCATION OF DATA 19
3.3 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 19

CHAPTER FOUR
THE FINDINGS 22

CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 25

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1                         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Financial institutions occupy a vital position and play a landable role in the economy of the nation. Their major purposes are proper mobilization of find as well as provision of capital for industrial development, which is aimed at enhancing economic growth and development.

In the early year of banking operation in Nigeria, banks performed their intermediary function by giving loan mainly on individual basis (i.e separately) but as the country entered the threshold of development and more investment opportunities opened up, industrialist started demanding large sums of money which is provided by bank on medium or long term basis.

However, banking is a highly regulated industry the world over with restrictive monetary and credit guideline in loan growth and reserve requirement, sectoraol allocation to priority sector of the economy, and excess liquidity mop-up through the assurance of stabiclation securities to the bank to mention a few due to these restrictions, it is difficult for a bank to meet up with the huge loan demanded of their customers. Also, it is well know that lending is not risk free, and that bank prefer to spreas their risk with others in the banking industry.

Against this background, banks come together forming what is know as “Consortium” to advance finds is called loan syndication and is sometimes called “Cosortun”. Lending it can also be define as the agreement between two or more lending institution to provide a borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation.

Loan syndication is now being practiced in Nigeria starting formteh 1960’s when a constrtuim of commercial banks and acceptance houses discounted trade bills for marketing boards under the produced bill finance scheme. Formalized loan syndication came into being during the oil boom of the 70s when there was need for adequate capital of finance the industrialization programmes. During this period, few merchant bank had been incorporated.

Loan syndication has assumed international dimension because of the need to provide adequate capital to finance the fast growing world economy. An international syndicated credit is manage and under written by one or more finance. Institution normally from a location other than the domicile of the borrower, lenders from different countries could provide the borrower with access from their countries or to move its own currency from other contracts of domicile.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To investigate why Loan syndication is not properly managed given priority attention by monetary authorities. Despite it’s strategic place in financing viable projects, capable of injecting foreign currency, creating employment, and facilitating grapid economic development.

To examine critically the place of financial institutions in the management of Loan syndication in the economy.

Loan syndication is a child of circumstances arising from legal lending restrictions, risk sharing and liquidity problems. The researcher would like to know despite the constrains prevailing is it