THE PROBLEMS OF OBTAINING BANK LOANS BY SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY FROM NIGERIA BANK

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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

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Chapter one
1.0 introduction
1.1 the meaning of banking loan
1.2 short term loan
i. short term loan
ii. overdraft
1.3 medium term loan
i. medium term loan
ii. long term loan
1.4 project financing
1.5 References
Chapter two
2.1 practice of good banking lending
2.2 principle of good bank lending
2.3 Reference
Chapter three
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 introduction
3.2 The source of data
3.3 Location of data
3.4 Methods of data presentation
3.5 Presentation
Chapter four
4.1 Role of banks in economic development
4.2 Role of bank in economic prospects.
4.3 Reference
Chapter five
1.1 Recommendation and conclusion
Bibliography
PROPOSAL
This research aim tracing the problem that small scale industries do encounter which obtaining credit from banks in Nigeria and the causes these problems.
The researcher tried to view those problem emanating from the borrowers method of application vis-a-vis the central bank credit guidelines and the commercial bank principles and practice of lending.
The researcher also analyzed this issue from the points of view of the borrower and attempt to make this thesis more understandable by first of all reviewing the different aspects to bank loans, different principle and practice of lending obtainable in different banks and finally through light on the economic effect of low bank lending
The author intend to source and analyses secondary data from where from where she drew finding, recommendation and conclusion
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
The author very conscious of the fact that responsibility for food lending rise with the banks and government and in the writing of this problem obtaining a banking loan by small scale industries from Nigeria banks which is intended to y-ray the difficulties encountered by bank customer in obtaining loan. I hope that have been able to alert the banks and government of this ugly situations which hampers general economic.
The content has been segmented into chapter and each chapter treating district aspect of bank loan all of then culmination to emphasis the importance of bank lending and why three should not be any obstruction to obtaining it.
The book starts by first of all explaining the different types of bank lending and the types of banks involved so as to point out the different credit guide-time affecting each banks as regards its capacity to lend and to what extent. It is also worth while to mention that the general element of good lending are also incorporated at least to justify the banks and the government in some of their restrictive measures of lending.
Severed more banking services have been added to the chapters to elucidate the negative economic effect or low bank lending cum services.
There is also included the appropriate recommendation and conclusion necessary to direct the lending sector towards the correct way of obtaining bank loans.
The meaning of bank loan
In this place we have to known the definition of bank loan. It may be defied as a financial facility/granted by a bank which is specific purpose. Usually a loan has a definite fixed repayment programme and a defined due ration, which has a complete repayment of a loan and other charges associated with if which include the loan contract is automatically determined.
This chapter will also deal with the different type of bank credit which the short there for working capital requirement the medium and long term loans
The project financing the acceptance credits/bills discounting. The bank guarantees and endorsement first I start with the first type

Short term and overdraft
This is a process of “short term loan” of a credit facility with a comparatively short duration ranging from (one – five years) although it varies with the different financial houses
This type of bank loan an inherent advantages which the borrowers enjoys. They are.
2. The lender is committed to allowing the customer to make use of the money for a length period of time depending on the loan. Agreement
3. Cheap rate are often obtainable from finance house other than banks. But with the bank it may be 57% but in finance house they charge less
4. These loans are often quickly obtainable and sometimes unsecured. This means that i

THE EFFECT OF INFLATION AND INTEREST RATE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA

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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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ABSTRACT
The gross Domestic product Growth is a long term rise in the capacity to supply increasingly diverse economic goods o its population. This growing capacity is said to base on advancing technology.
It is only through an effective economic system that human and material resources of the nation could be mobilized between the government and the governed. The concept of economy development of Nigeria with its objectives is aimed at standard and mobilization or mobilizing the functions and financial resource is to encourage initiative and leadership potential.
There is still need for government to creative conducive social and political environment to attract foreign investors in various aspects of the Nigeria economy. To this end of the democratization process will be in progress to encourage the earnest pursue.
The research major objective is to identify how inflation and interest rate has affected economic growth in Nigeria and suggesting recommending ways of improving Nigeria economy. This problems on GDP was critically examine.
In handling the research, secondary and primary data where source with the use of questionnaire and oral interview, while secondary data sources are test books.
The analysis of data was based on percentages. It is on the strength of the finding that recommendation and conclusion was made.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1.5 STATEMENT OFNHYPOTHESIS
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
1.7 SCOPE & LIMITATION
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.9 REFERENCE

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTEREST RATE MANGEMENT IN NIGERIA
2.2 FACTORS INFLUENCE INTEREST RATE
2.3 MANAGEMENT PRIOR 2003/ MONETRY DEVELOPMENT
2.4 CASE FOR INTEREST CELING
2.5 CASE AGAINST INTEREST CELING
2.6 INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT
2.7 INFLATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
2.8 EFFECT OF INFLATION ON SAVINGS/ GROWTH
2.9 INFLATION AND GROWTH IN DEVELOPING NATION
2.2.1 EMPRIRCAL STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP ON INLFATION
AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA OTHER COUNTIRES
2.2.2 EMPHRICIAL EVIDENCE BASED ON SOME AFRICAN COUNTRIES
2.2.3 REFERENCE.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH DESING AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.3 AREA OF STUDY
3.4 LOCTION OF DATA
3.5 INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION
3.6 METHOD OF DATA PRESENTATION
3.7 TECHNIQUES OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS OF RESULT AND INTERPRETATION.
4.1 PRESENTATION OF DATA
4.2 ANALYSIS OF RESULT
4.3 TOST OF HYPOTHESIS
4.4 INTERPRETATION.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 SUMARY OF FINDINGS
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPGHY
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Every country in the world aim at achieving economic growth and development. This is only possible if a country has adequate sources. In developing countries especially those in sub-saharan Africa. The resources to finance the optimal level of economic growth and development are in short supply.
Inflation, economic growth and interest rate concepts that are central and interrelated in Macro economic. A proper understanding of these concepts is therefore very necessary in order to get a good grasp of how inflation and interest rate has effected growth in Nigeria over the past eleven years. Is from this view that gives what have been expressed by various people to the theoretical and empirical relationship that has been estimated between them.
Inflation is said o occur when the genral level of prices rises rapidly and persistently over a givebn period of time. This is undesirable to the public and policy makers. From this of view of the public inflation causes uncertainty about future prices. This effect decisions on expenditure, savings, investment and misallocation of resources. It also allows substantial in distributions of income and wealth from savers to borrowers. To policy makers, inflation hampers economic growth and development as it discourages investment and savings. These factors explain why policy makers put in lots of efforts to reduce inflation and why several authors focus attention on this issue. Inflation is now one of the intractable problems facing the Nigeria economy.
Having registered low rates of inflation in years immediately after independence. The country experience double digit in 1960. this was as a result of the civil war. The next period of high inflation was (1974- 1979), when the wage freeze was discontinued as recommended by Udoji salary review commission.

Reduction of the high inflationary pressure is considered one of the most critical Macro- economic objectives in Nigeria. A number of approached to the explanation of the phenomenon of inflation have been suggested and tested in the economic literature. Thus such concept of inflation has been suggested in the economic literature. Thus such concept of inflation has been popularized including Demand Pull inflation which occurs when aggregated demand rises faster than aggregated supply another form of inflation is cost push which occurs when price increase, its originated from supply side of economy either through profit push or wages push resulting from trade union action. For structural inflation, it seeks to explain the long term tendency of prices especially in the industrialized western countries.
There do also exist monetarists. It explains and observes inflation rate in different countries to respective growth rate of money supply. Inflation can be transmitted from one country to another, this is usually referred to as imported inflation and occurs when a country engages in international trade. Inflation has various effect on the economy as a whole of which economic growth and interest rate are of great important. These three variables are interrelated. There are many indicators of economic growth, for the purpose of this research study.
Finally, the relationship between inflation, interest and economic growth will be fully examined. It should be noted that interest rate are to help in mobilization of financial resources and to the promoting or promotion of economic growth and development. Interest rates effect the level of consumption on the hand, it is one of the major tools of monetary policy. It was regulated and controlled by the central bank of Nigeria.
The direct and magnitude of changes in market interest rate are of primary importance to economic agents and policy makers. Economic growth is an increase in the average rate of output produced per person, usually measured on per annum basis. Interest rates are the rental payment for the use of credit by borrowers ad return payment with liquidity by lenders.
STATEMENT

MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE IN NIGERIA BY CBN (1959- JULY, 2004)

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Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

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ABSTRACT
This thesis deals with foreign exchange management in Nigeria by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 1959 to July 2004. the need to manage foreign exchange became imperative as a result of dis equilibrium in the foreign exchange market caused by inadequate supply of foreign exchange management is a conscious attempt to harnesses foreign exchange resources deploy them to service the economy so as to prevent the economy from experiencing shocks due to foreign exchange volatility.
The central focus of thesis is to examine how CBN through its policy measures manages foreign exchange in the country. To carryout this thesis, the respondent makes use of both primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were in line with the objective of the study.
Based on the objective of the study the findings reveal that the role of CBN in managing foreign exchange is not impressive. The impact of exchange rate policy in managing foreign exchange is not encouraging, the activities of panel market operators negatively affect the effective operation of the foreign exchange management . conclusion and recommendations were made in line with the findings.

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.7 SCOPE LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
REFERENCE

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
TABLE 4.3. DEFINTION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
2.2 MANAGEMENT OF RESERVE FLOURS
2.3 EXCHANGE RATE MANAGEMENT
2.4 TRADE AND EXCHANGE CONTROL
2.5 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
2.6 MANGEMENT OF RESERVE STOCKS
2.7 LIQUIDITY AND SECURITY
2.8 ASSETS DIVERSIFICATION
2.9 FOREIGN EXCHANGE PROBLEMS
2.10 FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL
2.11 FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET – IFEM
REFERENCE

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
TABLE 4.3. RESEARCH DESIGN
3.2 SAMPLE SIZE
3.3 POPULATION SIZE
3.4 SIMPLES AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
3.5 SOURCES OF DATA
3.6 DATA LOCATION
3.7 METHOD OF DATA PRESENTATION
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS.

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
TABLE 4.3. DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
4.2 ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES
4.3 TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
4.4 OPERATION ASSUMPTION
4.5 DESCISION RULE
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONSLUSIONS
TABLE 4.3. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.3 CONCUSLION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE 4.2.1 The role of central Bank of Nigeria
TABLE 4.2.2 Impact of foreign exchange rate. POLICY
TABLE 4.2.3 Allocation of foreign exchange by CBN
TABLE 4.2.4 Effect of the activities of parallel market operators
TABLE 4.2.5 Impact of foreign exchange control measures.
TABLE 4.3.1 Roles of Central Bank in Nigeria.
TABLE 4.3.1 A observed and expected frequency
TABLE 4.3.2 Impact of foreign exchange rate policy
TABLE4.3 Observed and expected frequency.
TABLE 4.3.3 Effect of the activities of parallel market operators
TABLE 4.3.3.c Observed and expected frequency
TABLE 4.3.4 Impact of foreign exchange control measures
TABLE 4.3.4 Observed and expected frequency
TABLE 4.3.5 Effect of redirection of funds on foreign exchange management
TABLE 4.3.5 E Observed and expected frequency.
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 4.2.1 Pie chart showing the role of CBN in managing foreign exchange.
Fig 4.2.2 Bar chart showing the impact of foreign exchange rate policy in managing foreign exchange.
Fig 4.2.3 bar chart illustrating the allocation of foreign exchange by CBN.
Fig 4.2.4 Pie chart illustrating the effects of activities of parallel market operators on foreign exchange management.
Fig 4.2.5 bar chart illustrating the impact of foreign exchange control measures in managing foreign exchanges
Fig 4.2.6 Pie chart show the effect of redirection of funds on foreign exchange management.

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It has already been stated that money is a common denomination in which the rate relative value of goods and services can be expressed.
Throughout history any community which form itself into a nation for the purpose of self-government immediately introduce its own distinctive unit of account –monetary unit of account (Legal tender)
In the words or (Obaseki 1991:15) “ in the international reaches no legal tender exists value must be measured, accounts kept and payments made by conversion process is known as foreign exchange.
Foreign currency, otherwise known as foreign exchange, is one of the scare resources particularly in developing economy. Unless the management of this scarce resources is properly articulated in terms of its revenue generation and expenditure, or unknown and out now a country runs the risks of balance of trade or balance of payment problems. Moreover, in order that a country may optimize the advantages of international trade, it become imperative for that country to institute appropriate foreign exchange management.
The practice of managing the foreign exchange resources has, therefore evolved broadly in line with the globalization and liberization of economics and financial markets” (Anfourose 1997:19)
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The primary objective of foreign exchange management is to reduce foreign exchange instability and its adverse effect on the economy. Despite government effects to achieve this objective though the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), foreign exchange (Monitoring and miscellaneous provisions) decree No.17 promulgated in 1995 and the introduction of the use of forms A and M, a handled problems are still identified with foreign exchange operation in Nigeria.
There problem include
i. Inadequate inflow of foreign exchange
ii. Balance of payments problems
iii. Debt services burden
iv. Continuous depreciation in the value of the naira.

THE ROLE OF BANKS IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA

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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 5

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 7
2.1 ROLE OF BANKS IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT7
2.2 THE NEED FOR BANKS INVOLVEMENT IN
INDUSTRIALIZATION 10
2.3 THE LEVEL OF BANKS INDUSTRIAL FINANCING19

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 SOURCES OF DATA 29
3.2 LOCATION OF DATA 30
3.3 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 30

CHAPTER FOUR
FINDINGS 31

CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY 38
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria since the oil boom in the early 70’s has been a victim of a monolithic economy and since then has been enjoying the so called ‘Petro Naira’ without adequately evolving a sound policy that will keep the nation’s economy in a firm foundation for steady growth. Though the country recognized the importance of Industrialization as far back as 1964, yet when the ‘Petro Naira’ started flowing in, they were blindfolded as to ignore the importance of establishing industries to ensure a diversified economy. Now the ‘Petro Naira’ is no more, and the future outlook is bleak, the need for a diversified economy became the subject matter of many governmental policies and actions. This leads us to one of the ways for solving this problem and that is industrialization.
Apart from ensuring a diversified economy, industrialization also accelerates the economic development of a country; infact the basic premise is that if a country wishes to accelerate the overall rate of economic development, the country must have manufacturing production rising much faster than the overall rate of growth of the G.N.P. and this has to be reflected in an increasingly dominating role of manufacturing industry in the total economy.
Also, industrialization ensures export expansion and import contraction coupled with the fact that it stimulates foreign exchange earnings, international recognition and the provision of employment opportunities for the teeming population.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Banks supposed to have contributed immensely to the industrial development of Nigeria in various aspects. But the unawareness of the industrialists on the role of banks in industrial development pose a serious problem to the industrial development of Nigeria. The number of industrialists that make use of the services of the banks in their various firms is limited.
Again, most industrialists are not aware of the duties and responsibilities of the banks in the overall growth of their firms. The poor industrial knowledge of these industrialists help to compound the general problems of industrial development of which bank services can be gainfully employed for the purpose of solving them.
It has be

TAX AS A MEANS OF INCOME REDISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA

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Bank Name: GTBank
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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6 SCOPE AN LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
REFERENCE
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE TYPES OF TAX
2.2 AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR TAXATION
REFERENCE

CHAPTER THREE
3.1 RESEARCH MYTHOLOGY
3.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
3.3 SECONDARY DATA
3.4 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
3.5 LOCATION OF DATA
3.6 TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
4.2 GENERAL BENEFITS OF TAXATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
Tax as a means of income redistribution in Nigeria according to the universal library in volume seven said that income redistribution is the proportion of the national income going to w age earners it shows the individual differences in the accrued income.
Tax enables us to know the taxable income due to us this study is mainly carried out to determine if or not we are over charged or not and to ascertain the effect of taxation as a means of redistribution in Nigeria. It enables the reader to know how, why an when tax came into existence an also what tax is all about.
In chapter I is the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, significant of the study, scope an limitation of the study, Definition of terms and references. Chapter II shows the overview of the types of tax, agencies responsible for taxation &References. Chapter III is the research metrology, method of data collection, secondary data, method of investigations, location of data an tools of analysis.
Chapter IV is the summary of findings, general benefit of taxation & references. Chapter V, conclusion, recommendation & bibliography.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTIONS
As everybody has own aim to acquire income and show how he or she has income over the other, the emergency of tax began to arose as a way whereby some part of the individual, companies and co-operate organization an taxed an little portion refrained to the cost of the stages.
Thus by the process of taxing or cutting some be of income form an individual, companies or co-operate organization, the remaining are t he accused to know how individual is

Although in Nigeria, the origin of tax can be dated back to pre-colonial era. Meanwhile in the period of time tax collection and administration, which usually carried out, by the Emir, chief and their appointed agents. The system at that time was highly functional for that time, it was extremely arbitrary.
By that time, tax collection developed from the northern state of the country and finally proceed to the southern state.

On advert of the British about 1900, the administration of tax was affected through several amending ordinances (non Acts and Decrees), which principally entrusted the responsibility of collection of taxes on local authorities.
Income tax was introduced for the first time in the northern part of Nigeria in 1904 by law Lugard By virtue of an amended ordinance passed in 1918, Income t ax also introduced in some part of western Nigeria. Income tax was not introduced in the Eastern part of the Nigeria until late 1920’s one to the strong resentment to the composition that part of the country.

However what can be regarded as the modern form of income taxation in our country came into existence in 1940 under the direct taxation ordnance No 29 of 1943.

In 1943, by ordinance personal income tax the modern an progressive form and could be saw to have been introduced in Nigeria, ever through the administration and collection of tax was still share between the British and the local authorities.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Some arrears where tax study may not help to show any changes or where it might be disrupted that is the practice includes areas where there are non-comphance and they include.
(a) Falsification of finical records
(b) Failure to file income tax returns
(c) On reported Income
(d) Failure to state all benefits in kinds
(e) Failure to emt sources decisions.
(f) Claiming improper dedication, tax credit or expenses.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Since tax was all bout income or revenue g