MULTI NATIONAL COMPANIES AND THEIR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN THEIR HOST COMMUNITIES (A CASE STUDY OF SHELL COMPANY PORT-HARCOURT, RIVER STATE)

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CHAPTER ONE:  INTRODUCTION                                  1

1.1     Background of the Study                                                        1

1.2     Statement of the Problem                                                        3

1.3     Objectives/Purpose of the Study                                    4

1.4     Significance of the Study                                                         5

1.5     Research Questions                                                        6

1.6     Scope of the Study                                                                  6

1.7     Limitation of the study                                                   6

1.8     Definition of Terms                                                        7

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES          8

2.1     Theoretical Frame Work                                                         8

2.2     Historical Background                                                   9

2.3     Current Related Literatures on Social Responsibly                 16

References                                                                      50

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN

AND  METHODOLOGY                         51

3.1     Research Design                                                            51

3.2     Sources of Data                                                             51

3.2.1  Primary Sources of Data                                                        51

3.2.2  Secondary Sources of Data                                            51

3.3     The Population of Study                                                        52

3.4     Sample Design and Determination of Sample Size                  52

3.5     Methods of Data Collection                                           53

3.5.1  Questionnaire Design, Distribution and Collection of

Responses                                                                      53

3.5.2  Secondary Methods of Data Collection                         54

3.6     Method of Presentations and Analysis                          54

References                                                                    56

 

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS          57  

4.1     Data Presentation                                                          57

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDING,                 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION   71

5.1     Summary of Finding                                                      71

5.2     Recommendation                                                           72

5.3     Conclusion                                                                     75

Bibliography                                                                  77

Appendix A

Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Profit maximization was regarded as the primary mission and over-reaching economic motive of any business enterprises little or no attention was paid to the fact that, in pursuit of their profit objective, business enterprises have to be ask to assemble the resource from the local environment and have the stable socio-political and investment climate in which to operate successfully. If business organization relies on society for existence, it is only logical that this environment be acculturated and nurtured to ensure its continuity. It is in this regard that the orientation of the modern business manager has changed to reflect the increasingly important interdependence between organizations and there environments with these, there is an increasing public glamour that business should participate actively in the well being and environment in which they operate and make their profit.

However, the aim of establishing any business is to provide competitive goods and services to the consumer and society at large. This does not however, mean that they have concluded their obligation to the people especially to the host community where the business is sited and operated.

Although there is no law as what form of services the host community should benefit from the business, it is morally obliged to cater for at least their host. This they do by aiding the development of infrastructures such as access roads where necessary and the provision of good water for domestic use and also the provision of electricity of the local population. Other forms of services that could be rendered for the young members of that community and of course the provision of gainful employment for those who have graduated from college.

There are a lot of other services that the host community can benefit from the business such as the provision of safety measures against pollution other air or water. On the other hand, to the business also look forward to the local populace, for continued patronage and also for ensuring the safety of lives and properties of the business and employees of that business who are not from that community. Therefore, the recognition by businessmen of the need to keep the good of society as a whole to mind while conducting business in the bed-rock of social responsibility.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The controversy about the public clamor that business should participate actively in the well being and welfare of the community, society environment in which they operate and make their profit are the problems among others this research intend to solve. Has business social responsibility any part to play in the total marketing effort of business organizations or enterprises?

Does business social responsibility contribute anything to the total revenue of the company? Is the conception that there is no need for business enterprise to be socially responsible to its society “SHELL PORT-HARCOURT” true or false? Of what use is business social responsibility to the general public? The problem for this research is what the responsiveness of companies to social responsibility is.

AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN SERVICE ORGANISATIONS.

(A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY OF NIGERIA (PHCN) PLC ENUGU ZONE)

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                            ABSTRACT

  This research work was designed to study training and development of employees in service organization.

This study titled “An Evaluation of the effect of manpower training and development in service organizations. A case study of power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN) PLC Enugu Zone is of/with the view of finding out the way by which training and development can be conducted.

The objective of the study is to highlight the advantages of human resource training and development and recommend an appropriate measure that could help improve the current human resource training programmes. Relevant data for this research work were collected from both primary source and secondary source of data. A descriptive method was used for this study. The total population of the staff in the organization is 250 out of which questionnaires were drawn from staff of the organization which constitute a sample size of 154.  The statistical instrument used in testing the validity of the hypothesis was chi – square. Among the major findings of the work was that training and development programme improve productivity and better performance. The research therefore recommended that there should be a free flow of information to enable all the staff to be aware of the training and development programme available to them both internally and externally.

CHAPTER ONE  

 INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of the problem
• Objective/purpose of the study
• Research Questions
• Statement of Hypothesis
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERTURE

•   Theoretical framework for the study

2.2      Historical background

2.3      Current literature on theories post

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN

• Research Design
• Sources of data

3.2.1    Primary sources of data

3.2.2    Secondary sources of data

3.3       Population of the study

3.4       Sample design and determination of sample size

3.5       Methods of data collection

3.5.1    Questionnaire design, distribution and collection of

responses

3.5.2    Secondary method of data collection

3.6       Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• Data Presentation and Interpretation
• Test of Hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• Summary of findings
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaire

 

 

 

                                     CHAPTER ONE

                                 INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Manpower training and development must be based on a need analysis derived from a comparison of “actual performance’’ and behavior with “required performance’’ and behavior. Manpower training and development is one of the major ways organization invests in the workforce for greater return today and even in the foreseeable future.

Organizational effectiveness rests on the efficient and effective performance of workforce that makeup the organization. The efficient and effective performance of the workforce inturn, rest on the richness of the knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by the workforce. Manpower training and development in most organizations is a continuous act/exercise. The inexorable march of time and the ceaseless glamour for social change combine to make adaptability and continuing preparation of the workforce as inevitable as the initial acquisition of knowledge and skills. This cannot happen if employees training and development do not occur in an enterprise. In other to maximize the productivity and efficiency of the organization, every executive, manager or supervisor in a public or private organization has the responsibility and indeed the bounding duty to ensure the development of their employees who have requisite knowledge and expertise.

Training is like sharpening an existing skill in order to reflect the trends in technology and other social –cultural environmental changes of an organization. Productivity is the goal of today’s competitive business world and training can be a spring board to enhance productivity. The aim is to enable them contribute their full measure to the welfare, health and development of the organization (onah 1993). The main objective of training and development in service organization is to increase efficiency of employees with the resulting increase in corporate productivity. This accounts for why a large number of fund and time is expected by organization at one period or the order in the improvement of the skills of their employees at various levels.

The principal intention of training according to AKPAN (1982:128), is to equip people with the knowledge required to qualify them for a particular position of employment, or to improve their skills and efficiency in the position they already hold.

Manpower development on the other hand, implies growth and the acquisition of wide experience for future strategic advantages of the organization.

Manpower training and development therefore, improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the employee. Therefore, the aim of this research is to know the current state, nature, procedure and method of training and development used by the power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN) for their employees and let’s not forget that any organization that has no plan for the training and development of its staff is less than dynamic for learning is a continuous process and acquired skills get obsolete when the environment changes. Also, a popular caption in the field of personnel management says, “If you think training and development are expensive try ignorance’’. While training and development prosper organization, ignorance destroys it. Therefore, workers like machines must be updated on constant basis or else, they end up becoming obsolete or misfit.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research as it deals with the training and development of employees in service organizations is intended to find out the efficiency and effectiveness of training and development programme in service organization with reference to power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN) Enugu Zone. Since power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN) is an organization governing the use of electricity in Nigeria serves as a source of electricity supply, distribution and maintenance round the Nation. For this reason, it encounters numerous problems which range from:

ROAD TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION (A CASE STUDY OF PEACE MASS TRANSIT, PEACE PARK ENUGU ROAD NSUKKA, ENUGU STATE.)

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CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

1. Background of the study                                         1

1.2   Statement of the problem                                        2

1.3   Objectives/purpose of the study                              4

1.4   Research question/hypothesis                                        5

1.5   Significant of the study                                            5

1.6   Scope of the study                                                   6

1.7   Limitation of the study                                             6

1.8   Definition of special terms                                               7

References                                                               8

CHAPTER TWO: Review of the Related Literature

2.1   Theoretical framework                                             11

2.2   Historical background                                             15

2.3   Current literature on theories postulated above       16

References                                                               37

CHAPTER THREE: Research Design and Methodology

3.1   Research design                                                       38

3.2   Sources of data                                                        38

3.2.1        Primary source of data                                             38

3.2.2        Secondary source of data                                         39

3.3   The population of the study                                     39

3.4   Determination of sample size                                   40

3.5   Methods of data collection                                               41

• Questionnaire design, distribution and

collection of responses                                             41

3.6   Methods of data presentation and analysis             42

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation and Analysis

Data presentation                                                    43

Demographic characteristics                                    43

 

CHAPTER FIVE: Summary of Findings, Recommendation Conclusion

5.1   Summary of findings                                                       61

5.3   Conclusion                                                              62

5.2   Recommendation                                                     63

Bibliography                                                            64

Appendixes                                                              66

 

 

LIST OF TABLE

PAGE

Table 4.1.1       Distribution and retrieval of

Questionnaire                                          43

Table 4.1.2       Sex distribution of respondents                       44

 

Table 4.1.3       Age distribution of respondents                       44

Table 4.1.4       Distribution of respondents by

marital status                                          45

Table 4.1.5       Distribution of respondents by

academic qualification                             46

Table 4.1.6       Distribution of respondents on

duration of patronage                              47

 

Table 4.1.7       Distribution of respondents on the

relationship between management

and customers                                                 48

Table 4.1.8       Distribution of respondents on

assessment of the management                       49

Table 4.1.9       Distribution of respondents on

assessment of the drivers                        50

Table 4.1.10     Distribution of respondents on the

goal of the company                                 51

 

Table 4.2.0       Distribution of respondents on

assessment of the vehicle they have

entered or traveled with                           52

 

Table 4.2.1       Distribution of respondents on whether

drivers travel with manifest                     53

 

Table 4.2.2       Distribution of respondents on what

they say about the services being

given or received from Peace Mass

Transit                                                     54

 

Table 4.2.3       Distribution of respondents on

having opportunity to patronize

somewhere else                                               55

 

Table 4.2.4       Distribution of respondents

on their opinion of the problem

facing the enterprise                                        56

 

Table 4.2.5       Distribution of respondents on

whether Peace Mass Transit has well

trained and efficient staff                         57

 

Table 4.2.6       Distribution of respondents on the

role of transportation management          58

Table 4.2.7       Distribution of respondents on

whether transportation company has

adequate modern technology                   59

ABSTRACT

Road Transportation was viewed by the researcher as a sine qua non in the economy whether developed or developing. Road transportation is seen as the engine of an economy. It links producers, suppliers, consumers and commuters. But poor, ineffective and inefficient road transportation system have crippled development and the collapse of many economic and social activities which have resulted in dissatisfaction among the customers in the industry. This is characterized by poor management that has resulted in the loss of life and property including damages worth unquantifiable amount of money. The researcher used primary and secondary sources and methods of data collection in the study. The researcher presented the data in tables and used simple percentages to analyze the data obtained. The findings of the research among others were that road transportation is very essential for the movement of goods and people. Inefficient roads all over the country make commuters uncomfortable. Lack of maintenance culture by drivers always result in breaking down of vehicles and poor services rendered to customers causes dissatisfaction. The researcher recommended that good roads  must be put in place to address the situation. Regular maintenance of vehicles and roads and provision of quality customer services that will satisfy the commuters who constantly use the roads and vehicles for their economic activities. Drivers who operate vehicles through the use of road can be improved by;

1.          Regular workshop for them on the use of roads.

2.          Motivational provision such as allowances for accident free driving in a period of time

3.          Other allowances for vehicle maintenance, provision of uniform and bonuses especially during feast days like Christmas are also recommended as incentives and motivational tools.

4.          Prefencial system of payment..

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Road Transportation is a necessary end right from early history. The mobility of people and materials especially in the present days become one of the greatest needs that have to be adequately satisfied on our society and economy at large.

Transportation is referred to as the engine of the economy  (Kunri 2005:79). This means that with out transportation management system, the entire economy will suffer stagnation. Transportation helps to bridge the gap between producers, suppliers and industrials users as well as individual commuters.

Research has shown that transportation alone account for about 46% of the total physical distribution costs for manufacturing companies and 28 % for reseller companies

It is important to note that not much success can be accomplish in manufacturing, distribution of goods and services including the movement of people without transportation.

It is as a result of the great importance attached to transportation that man has over the years developed various transportation modes in other to facilitate the movement of people and materials. The mode of transportation selected will greatly depend on price, time, delivery, condition and destination, customer’s patronage, and past purchase satisfaction.

This poor transportation management can therefore jeopardize the source of procurement of materials; goods and services, movement or people and even course increase in prices and loss of lives.

 

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Poor road transportation management is one major problem that is affecting the growth of the economy. Poor road transportation management has led to the ineffectiveness and collapse of the Nigerian road system that suppose to carry bulky goods from one city to another and has made inflation to be high. This in turn has bounced as  

AN ASSESSMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT AND CREDIT ADMINISTRATION IN UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC, KADUNA

COMPLETE MATERIAL IS N5,000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Risk Management is the identification assessment and prioritization of risks. It is the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative followed by coordinated and economic of application of resources to monitor and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities (Okeh, 2006).

The survival of every commercial bank depends on its ability to manage its risks and loans or advance portfolio effectively. However in the recent past, commercial banks in Nigeria witnessed rising non-performing credit portfolios and these significantly contributed to the financial distress in the banking sector.

Financial organization need to manage the credit risk inherent in the entire portfolio as well as the risk in individual credit or transaction. This is so because the survival and ability of financial institution to compete depend on their ability to profitability and manage credit risk. This is the reasons why lending is based on the two fundamental products of banking: money and information. Banks obtain these products from customers themselves by offering customer valuable services. They package money and information about their borrowers together with valuable banking services to create loan agreements and sell the loan agreements back to their customers (Hempel and Simonson, 2007).

As such, risk rating system in financial institution contains both objective and subjective elements. Objective aspect are based on financial statements and application of certain financial ratio that reflect liquidity, leverage and earnings. Despite the requirement that risk be quantified, risk rating systems always have a subjective dimension that attempts to capture intangibles such as the quality of management, the borrower’s status within the industry, and the quality of financial reporting. These subjective items may result in inconsistencies.

It is in this regard that many financial institutions have faced difficulties over the years arising from their inability to effectively manage credit risk. As such the major cause of serious banking problems continues to be directly related to tax credit standard for borrowers and counterparties, poor portfolio risk management, or lack of attention lead to a deterioration in the credit standard of a bank’s counterparties. Hence, the need to investigate the subject matter of this research becomes imperative.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

Commercial banks in the recent past witness rising non-performing credit portfolios sequel to the inability of their management to effectively manage risk and credit administration. That problem resulted to high bad debts in commercial bank and a number of other commercial banks were classified as distressed banks by the monetary authorities.

Consequently, the need to examine the subject matter: An Assessment of risk management and credit administration in Union Bank Plc, Kaduna Main branch becomes worthy of

AN ASSESSMENT OF LOAN MANAGEMENT IN BANKING SECTOR

( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC)

COMPLETE MATERIAL IS N5,000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

ABSTRACT

 

This project work An Assessment of Loans management in banking sectors a study of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. Kaduna Branch. The study has been done in an attempt to explore the extent the Union bank Kaduan Branch has been controlling its credit system to the Central Bank of Nigeria. Credit guidelines in the development of the National economy.

Banks have generally been credited with and enviable image of being an important sources for capital development. This recognition is derived largely from assumed roles of most banking Institution in mobilizing various depot and channeling their towards profitable investment outlets to the extent that the size, type and level of such investments along with other complementary factors contribute to the improvements of National economy.

Some of the highlights in his project statement of the background of Union Bank Plc, statement of the general problems, objectives of the study, hypothesis, limitation and delimitations, significance, organization and definition of term.

The study includes a review of related literature on how commercial banks determine their lending powers, the CBN credit control and monetary policy over the banks. In addition the study includes types of securities and analysis of sectoral distribution of loans and advances.

The chapter three of the study terms loans and advances. However, it is hope that that the banks will pay more attention in granting loans to the productive sectors of the economy so as to make industrialization policy of the country a reality.

The researcher also has given useful recommendation that will aid and assist the development of banking system and the economy in general.

 

Chapter one

1. Introduction

1.1    Background of the study

1.2    Statement of the problems

1.3    Objectives of the study

1.4    Research question

1.5    Significance of the study

1.6    Scope of the study

1.7    Histroical background of the case study

1.8    defintioin of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

2. Lierature review

2.1    Hisotrical background

2.2    commerical banks services

2.3    commerical banks and Nigerian government

2.4    classes of client/customers of Commercial banks

2.5    lending service in commercial banks

2.6    origin of bank lending

2.7    crdit guidelines

2.8    determination of bank lending

2.9    lona policies or lending policies

2.10  appraising loan opporutnties

2.11  basic principels of bank lending

2.12  problems of effective lending services

2.13  prospect of bank lending

2.14  the Central Bank involvement lending

2.15  Reason for granting loan

2.16  Advantages of loan and overdraft

Chapter three

3. Research methodology

3.1    Introduction

3.2    method of data collection

3.3    Population and sample size

3.4    Sampling technique

3.5    methods of data analysis

3.6    Justificaiton for the choice

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4. Data presentation analysis and interpretation

4.1    Introduction

4.2    Data analysis and interpretation

4.3    Summary of findings

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5. Summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.1    Summary

5.2    Conclusion

5.3    Limitation of the study

5.4    Recommendations

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Generally in Nigeria, banks are usually accused by customer’s of number of short comings, which are regarded as problems and failure in banking system. These include lack of awareness by customers of the services they offer subjecting the customers to long queues unsympathetic staff in terms of courtesy and efficiency, intricals and unprogressive lending policies and procedures irregular issue of statement etc, all these result in low level of customer satisfaction.

 

At moment, Nigeria is fast attempting to transform into a modern industrial society whether this attempt will be achieved or not is still questionable. The urban area having now high population densihes from rural, which are supposed to be the sources of raw materials for the industries. Hence the achievement of industrial objective rest squarely on the shoulders of the banks.

Banks could help Nigeria reframe herself and produce raw materials for her mills and not solely depend on imported ones.

This could be done by diversifying the source of income from the present mono (based solely on petroleum revenue) to that of (diversified one)

The banks role in attaining the above objective ultimately, specially and efficiently is very crucial.

Having experienced the strain, intricale and procedures of obtaining banks loanable fund that researcher mind was directed to the questions as to what participates such stumbling blocks in our banking system. It is the blame on the banks, the customer and the government for not appreciating the place of credit in our society for instance, the banks by the nature of their business exercise a high degree of economic power. To them belong to the naira power which is the lubricate/accelerator of our economy. They have the prerogative in the choice of assets (businesses) they place their disposable portion of funds deposited with them by customers. Tough they know and have experienced the positive results of attempt in the effective provision and use of credit, the banks have been rather very skeptical in exercise this their power not  withstanding the central bank of Nigeria issues annual directives to licensed banks allocating prescribing quantitative ceiling as well as sectorial allocation of their loans and advances to the economy through the monetary policy circulars conveying the central banks, credit guidelines.

However, it has come to be realized that these are certain problems associated with he present lending schemes which must be highlighted and solved by the customers, the banks and   government in providing loanable fund so that more benefit would be taped from this usage.

Hence, the motives behind the caring out of this research study.

1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

There is hardly any approach to obtaining bank loans/credits that is devoid of problems. This project thus sets out to identify the lending problem of bank and customer in Kaduna and its environments.

• high rate of interest/charge
• banks lend on short term basis cannot accommodate medium and long term borrowers.
• High rate of defaut
• Difficulty in banks policy/central bank policies
• Lack of security to back-up the lending