Category Archives: Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA REFINNING AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

  1. Background to the Study        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           1

1.2       Statement of the Problem      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           3

1.3       Research Questions    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           4

1.4       Objectives of the Study          –           –           –           –           –           –           –           4

1.5       Statement of Hypotheses       –           –           –           –           –           –           –           4

1.6       Significance of the Study       –           –           –           –           –           –           –           5

1.7       Scope of the Study     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           5

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Introduction    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           6

2.2       Conceptual Framework          –           –           –           –           –           –           –           6

2.3       Overview of the Conditions of Nigeria Refineries    –           –           –           –           18

2.4       The Actual Total Capacities of the Refineries and the Depots         –           –           23

2.5       Factors Militating against Petroleum Distribution in Nigeria          –           –           –            26

2.6       Theoretical Framework          –           –           –           –           –           –           –           35

2.7       Review of Empirical Literatures       –           –           –           –           –           –           43

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1       Introduction    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           48

3.2       Research Design         –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           48

3.3       Area of Study –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           48

3.4       Population and Sampling Technique             –           –           –           –           –           48

3.5       Methods of Data Collection   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           49

3.6       Methods of Data Analysis      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           49

3.7       Summary        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           50

 

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1       Introduction    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           51

4.2      Respondent Characteristics    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           51

4.3       Data Presentation and Analysis         –           –           –           –           –           –           52

4.4       Test of Hypothesis     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           54

4.5       Summary of Findings –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           56

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Summary        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           57

5.2       Conclusion      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           57

5.3       Recommendations      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           58

Bibliography   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           60

Appendix I      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           68

Appendix II     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           69

 

 

ABSTRACT

The study assessed the Problem of Petroleum Product Distribution in Nigeria. As such, the research questions that guided this study are: What are the constraints militating against Nigeria’s state owned refineries and petrochemical plants as well as affiliated regulatory agencies in Petroleum product distribution? What are the problems associated with the distribution of petroleum product in the downstream sector? 120 respondents were selected using the random sampling technique to select 50 independent petroleum product marketers, 50 staff from PPMC and 20 staff from NNPC and 20 staff from NNPC. The mean (X) was used to analyze the data while chi-square was used to test the hypotheses.

 

The analysis shows that the frequent pipeline vandalization, poor maintenance of petroleum infrastructure, as well as Inefficiency and Corruption of government officials and under-utilization of Refineries by NNPC are the main constraint militating against Nigeria’s state-owned refineries and petrochemicals plants as well as affiliated regulatory agencies in petroleum product distribution.

 

Diversion of petroleum products, hoarding of petroleum products, the use of old tankers that are in a poor state of operation and poor state of road in Nigeria, sabotage, crude oil and petroleum product bunkering, petroleum product adulterations are some of the challenges militating against petroleum product distribution from the side of major and independent marketers of petroleum product.

 

As such, it was recommended that the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) should diversify its export/output baskets through adequate downstream activities. This will enhance self-sufficient in petroleum products and economic growth. Nigeria’s fuel shortages can never be solved by importing more fuel. Importing fuel is a temporary (short term) solution. Building more refineries in Nigeria to meet our domestic consumption and possibly export to neighboring countries; undoubtedly is a sure solution to Nigeria’s perennial fuel shortages.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

The Nigerian petroleum industry has been described as the largest among all industries in the country. This is probably due to the belief that petroleum is one of the major sources of energy worldwide. The size, international characteristic, and role assumed by the petroleum industry were noted to have originated from the notion that petroleum is versatile as it currently satisfies a wide variety of energy and related needs. Petroleum is the most vital source of energy, providing over 50 percent of all commercial energy consumption in the world. The revenues obtained from crude oil in Nigeria are of absolute advantage to expenditure commitments on various projects at the local, state, and federal levels. The Nigerian economy relies heavily on the revenue derived from Petroleum products, as they provide 70 percent of government revenue and about 95 percent of foreign exchange earning. Apart from this, the contribution of petroleum to national development is many and varied; employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, income generation, industrialisation, and improvements in other economic variables.

The Nigerian economy is starkly dominated by the petroleum industry since the oil boom of the 1970s. Therefore, its economic growth and development also is dependents on the production and consumption of Petroleum product and hence, a close connection between the state and oil in Nigeria (Okunroumu, 2004; and Falegan & Okah, 1980). For instance, Wurthmann (2006) noted that oil accounts for about 40 per cent of Nigeria’s GDP, 70 per cent of federal government revenue and 92 per cent of its foreign exchange earnings. Also, daily domestic demand for Petroleum products stands at 530,000 barrels per day (bpd) which is 85,000 bpd more than the never-made 445,000 bpd installed refining capacity. As a result, Petroleum products supply remains an acid test for successive governments in Nigeria. With the inception of democracy in May 29th, 1999, the supply of Petroleum products has improved but not without a price – frequent increases in Petroleum products price yet demand of Petroleum product is still higher than supply  (Sabo and Igwo, 2007:105).

As a result people clamor for deregulation of Petroleum product. In Nigeria, the 2003 deregulation of the sector is expected to give room for competition and maximize supply sources which would transform to price reduction and deflate scarcity. Prior to this moment, attempts were made to invite private firms into the sector, most of whom, including NNPC itself, sought for the importation of Petroleum products instead.

 

Yet still fell out due to regulated domestic prices and a whooping amount as subsidy to the consumers (Nwafor, M. et al, 2006:11). The private investors were also not willing to take over the dilapidated, disrepair, and poorly performing state owned facilities (refineries, depots and pipeline system). Thus, the sector is so plagued by, not only, low capacity utilization of the midstream sector, inadequate distribution (pipeline, rail and road) networks and storage facilities, products diversion and adulteration, black-marketing, fire incidents, smuggling as well as inefficient monopolistic/state control on prices (Oriyoosu, 2007:113-115

 

Hence petroleum distribution is constraint by issues arising from poor maintenance of facilities and infrastructure by government; products adulteration and pipeline vandalization; low investment opportunities; sabotage by cartels, large-scale smuggling of crude and refined oil as well as the importation of Petroleum products.); rampant black markets, e.t.c. due to inefficient market structure caused by the monopolistic control of the state on price (Oriyoosu, 2007:113-115).

As a result widespread Petroleum products shortage and unending price hikes are the daily reports bringing untold hardship to the rapid growing Nigerian populace. Therefore, the low Petroleum products from local refineries, inadequacy of Petroleum products  importation at international prices, and particularly, inefficiency of domestic prices of Petroleum products set by the state and numerous constraint that have not yet being discovered by previous researches, stand out as the fore setbacks to petroleum distribution in Nigeria. It is against this background that this study is triggered.

 

 

1.2       Statement of the Problem

Many research efforts in the area of petroleum distribution in Nigeria have dealt with macro issues, as well as conduct and performance of marketing activities as they relate to performance indices such as market share, growth, efficiency and well being of consumers and clients. However there are few researches on the problems of petroleum distribution in Nigeria (Okoh,2012).

Hence the problem of this study is to analyze the problem of petroleum distribution in Nigeria by investigating factor militating against Petroleum product distribution from government refineries as well as from the side of major and independent marketers. In this regard the research is focused on issues of sabotage of petroleum infrastructures and illegal  bunkering as well as problem of ineffective regulation of Petroleum product in the downstream sector and inefficient utilization and maintenance of Nigeria’s state-owned refineries and

 

 

 

Continue reading EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA →

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

THE IMPACT OF BUDGETING PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTIVITY IN NORTHERN CABLE PROCESSING MANUFACTURING COMPANY (NOCACO), KADUNA

Leave a comment

THE IMPACT OF BUDGETING PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTIVITY IN NORTHERN CABLE PROCESSING MANUFACTURING COMPANY (NOCACO), KADUNA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of budgeting planning and control on productivity in NOCACO. The objective of this study is to bring light to the need for effective and efficient budget plans and control, and to find out how and to which the extent budgeting serve as a means of planning and control to increase productivity.

The methods used for the study is survey method, method of data collection is questionnaire and personal interview and the method of data analysis is likert scale is used based on mean statistic. The findings based on the data presented and analyzed, the researcher was able to identify that budgeting planning and control techniques are used for increase productivity in the dynamic profit and non profit making organization which is the study of this research work and its also observed that good budgeting system will help any organization to increase its productivity level.

The researcher concludes that productivity must be planned before it can be controlled. Operation has been determined and analyze into expenditure cost so as to know how realistic would be contribution to project goals to make budget without planning. Lastly, the researcher recommended that the company should employ competent and intelligent staff which a lot of experience to facilitate the planning which go a long way in controlling productivity in the organization.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the Study 1
  • Statement of the Problem 3
  • Objective of the Study 4
  • Significance of the Study 5
  • Research Questions 5
  • Scope of the Study 6
  • Limitation of the Study
  • Definition of Terms 6

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0     Introduction                                                                                        9

2.1     Objectives of Budgeting                                                                    10

2.2     Requirements of a Good Budgeting System                                  12

2.3     Stages in Budget Preparation                                                         18

2.4     Flexible Budgeting                                                                             20

2.5     Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB)                                                             21

2.6     Planning Programming Budgeting System (PPBS)           24

2.7     Summary of the Literature Review                                                27

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1     Introduction                                                                                        28

3.2     Research Design                                                                                28

3.3     Area of Study                                                                                      29

3.4     Population of the Study                                                                    29

3.5     Sample Size and Sampling Technique                                           29

3.6     Instrument of Data Collection                                                         30

3.7     Validation of the Instrument                                                           30

3.8     Reliability of Instrument                                                                  31

3.9     Method of Data Collection                                                               31

3.10   Method of Data Analysis                                                                  32

 

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1     Introduction                                                                                        34

4.2     Characteristics of Respondents                                                       34

4.3     Data Analysis                                                                                     36

4.4     Summary of Findings                                                                        44

4.5     Discussion of Findings                                                                      45

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0     Introduction                                                                                        47

5.1     Summary                                                                                             47

5.2     Conclusion                                                                                          49

5.3     Recommendations                                                                             50

References                                                                               53

Appendix                                                                                             54

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the Study

For any organization to operate meaningfully there has to be clear direction of where it is leading to or what it is aiming to achieve the standard of objectives and a means of monitoring derivatives from standard requires. These considerations can only be met through budgeting, planning as well as controlling.

A budget has been defined as a quantitative plan usually in monetary terms for the forth coming accounting year of the ensuring period. Budgeting planning/short term planning is the process of preparing detailed, short term (usually 1 year) plans for the function, activities and departments of the organization thus converting the long term co-operate plan into yearly action.

Budgeting services as a very important tool for planning and control increase in productivity, in that budgeting aids planning for the future, if services as a control function through management by exception which is the assessment of performance for the purpose of controlling. It helps in co-coordinating of the work management in order to coordinate the activities of the organization.

  • Statement of Problem

Generally, organization whether manufacturing or service, required good budgeting for increasing productivity. Budgeting as a tool for planning and controlling does increase productivity. This is the problem of qualified personnel that are required for the purpose of preparation implementation and execution of..

Continue reading THE IMPACT OF BUDGETING PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTIVITY IN NORTHERN CABLE PROCESSING MANUFACTURING COMPANY (NOCACO), KADUNA →

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

CAUSES OF BUSINESS FAILURE AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

CAUSES OF BUSINESS FAILURE AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

(A CASE STUDY OF UJU PRINTING PRESS, KADUNA)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This research work is on causes of business failure and possible solutions with a case study of Uju printing press, Kaduna. business failure is when  a firm is suffering from either technical insolvency or bankruptcy or when it happens that a firms total revenue do not cover its total cost , this can be avoided by finding  solutions to business failure by way of managing recourses in a proper way. It is in view of this that a research work as this was undertaken.

The research work contains five chapters, the introduction examines the historical background of the case study and so on and  also limitations of the projects were outlined. chapter two was centered on the literature reviews with a view of bringing out what business entails, its operations and impact on the society ,its mode of operations and why and how failure occurs in business enter prices. Population sample and sources of data collocation were the various methods of data collection adopted .such as desk research ,personal interview as well as questionnaires

In chapter four presentation and analysis of data was shown in the write up. The data collected were analyzed and presented based on the research questions, which form the views and opinions of the respondents drawn.

In the final chapter, summaries and recommendations were made on the subject matter.

CHAPTER ONE – Introduction

1.0    Background Of The Study-    –       –       –       –       –       –       1

1.1    Historical Background Of Uju Printing Press-     –       –       –       9

1.2     Statement of The Problem-    –                –       –       –       –       11

1.3    Statements of Hypothesis-     –       –       –       –       –       –       12

1.4    Objectives of The Study-       –       –       –       –       –       –       12

1.5    Significance of The Study-     –       –       –       –       –       –       13

1.6    Scope and Limitations of The Study-       –       –       –       –       13

1.7    Definitions of Terms-    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       15

CHAPTER TWO – Literature Review

2.0    Introduction-      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       18

2.1    Definition of Business-  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       20

2.2    Types of Businesses-    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       21

2.3    Basic Management Functions needed for business operations      25

2.4    Importance of Business to the Society-    –       –       –       –       29

2.5    Modes of Operation In Uju Printing Press-        –       –       –       32

2.6    Sources of Funds for Uju Printing Press – –       –       –       34

2.7.   Reasons for Business Failure –        –       –       –       –       –       35

References –        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       44

CHAPTER THREE –  Research Methodology

3.0 Introduction- –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       45

3.1    Research Design- –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       46

3.2    Population Sample Size of the Study-      –       –       –       –       47

3.3    Sampling Techniques Used-   –       –       –                –       –       47

3.4    Instrument Used in Data Collection-        –       –       –       –       48

3.5    Procedures for the Administration of the Instrument- –       48

3.6    Statistical Techniques Used-  –       –       –       –       –       –       49

CHAPTER FOUR Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.0    Introduction-      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       50

4.1    Test of Hypothesis-      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       62

  1. Test of hypothesis observed and expected frequency table

based on table sixteen –        –       –       –       –       –       –       63

4.3    Conclusion –        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       65

CHAPTER FIVE–SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0    Introduction–     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       66

5.1    Summary Of Major Findings     –     –       –       –       –       –       66

5.2    Conclusions-       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       67

5.3    Recommendations     – –       –       –       –                —      –       67

         Bibliography-       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       69

         Appendix –  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       70

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.0   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Business is absolutely a complex activity. This is because it involves a lot of technicalities ranging from the task of planning to control of such plans in order to achieve the desire objectives of profit maximization. It is in view of this, that this study is mainly centered on the floating of a business to a stage where it finds it difficult to keep it’s head above water.

In the late 70s business was in its period of boom, the economy was doing well at that point in time and the exchange rate was appreciable within this period. International trade was easy as a result of lesser trade restrictions and foreign exchange control.

During this period, Uju printing press was a beneficiary of the prevailing policies such as the importation of papers and other printing materials. These goods were usually tax free by the agencies concerned, as a result of the significance the government attaches to the publishing sector and the clearance procedures at the port were effective and efficient then.

In the late 80’s as a result of the military take-over, various decrees and policies came into place. The economy became unbearable for the citizens and their purchasing power became very low, thereby forcing business not to live up to their required billing. What followed was that industries started operating on short run, and later businesses started folding up.

The various trade restrictions, VAT policies on goods imported did not help matters. The result effect of all these, was folding up of businesses. Against the business affected was then within our locality the -Uju printing press. The concerns shown people in the locality spearheaded an agenda to resuscitate the company and prevent it from total collapse.

The process of doing this proved difficult due to the extent of funds require to source for foreign exchange needed for the importation of raw materials there were other problems that seem intractable. But the people and company unite make persistence efforts to resuscitate the company but the more difficult problems that resulted, Motivated an interest to study the problems of business failure and the possible solutions.

1.1   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF UJU PRINTING PRESS

Uju printing press is a sole proprietorship business. It is own by Chief Gabriel O. Uju. It was established on 20th August 1969 and was situated at V.V.I Lagos/Keffi Street, Kaduna.

Uju printing press was set-up with the objective of providing the best quality printing jobs to customers at affordable prices and at the due appointed time. At the early life of the press, it started with letterpress and binding machine. Namely:  Adana, Letterpress Heidelberg and Cutting Machines.

In the course of expansion, the press relocated to N.C-.3 Oshogbo Road, Kaduna in 1979. The press increased its machineries by purchasing Rota prints, plate maker, camera, and kond. During this period the press has increased its area of specialization from letter press to offset printing.

In 1985, the press moved to J.11 main street Badarawa Kaduna and finally relocated to its permanent site V.V. 15 Nassarawa Road, Kaduna in June 1993. in its present site, it has acquired additional machines such as multilith 1850,   Stitching machine, computers and Ruling machines.

Continue reading CAUSES OF BUSINESS FAILURE AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS →

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

THE EFFECTS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANK PHB PLC KADUNA

Leave a comment

THE EFFECTS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANK PHB PLC KADUNA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Working capital, as the name implied comprises capital that are not used for long-term investment. Thus, the instrument used for collecting the data are questionnaire and official document of the bank (Bank PHB), the researcher used mean statistic, method to analyze the data and extract the findings.

However, emphasis should be directed towards systematic introduction of appropriate technology for control and management information system purpose. Indeed a financial data is relevant in banking industries. The introduction of the method in the banks to take care of the determination of cash balances for different periods in as much as experience is a good teacher, a scientific forecasting method should be introduced.

The study would be of benefits to students, banking and institution i.e. it would enable students carryout research and persuade learning on issues that has to do with working capital management. The majority of the documents shows how working capital management had made it possible on the operational exercise and providing services of the banks in Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                        i

Declaration                                                                                    ii

Approval page                                                                                iii

Dedication                                                                                      iv

Acknowledgement                                                                          v

Abstract                                                                                         vi

Table of contents                                                                            vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction                                                                          1

  • Background of the Study 1
  • Statement of the Problem 3
  • Objectives of the Study 4
  • Significance of the Study 5
  • Research Questions 6
  • Scope of the Study 7
  • Limitation of the Study 7

CHAPTER TWO – Literature Review

2.0    Introduction                                                                          11

  • Concept of Working Capital Management                   11
  • Characteristics of Working Capital Management 15
  • Working Capital Component in Banking Sector
  • The Meaning and Importance of Cash Management

in the Bank

  • Approaches to Working Capital Management          18
  • Determinant of Working Capital                           21
  • Financial Working Capital                                            22
  • Management for Cash and Marketable Securities 23
  • Summary of the Review

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

  • Introduction 26
  • Research Design          26
  • Area of Study 27
  • Population of Study 27
  • Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques 28
  • Instrument of Data Collection 28
  • Validation of Instrument 28
  • Reliability of Instrument 29
  • Method of Data Collection 30
  • Method of Data Analysis 31

CHAPTER FOUR – Data Presentation and Analysis

  • Introduction 33

4.1    Characteristics of Respondents                                            34

4.2    Presentation of Data and Analysis                                        36

4.3    Summary of Findings

4.4    Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

  • Introduction 49

5.1    Summary                                                                               49

  • Conclusion 50

5.3    Recommendations                                                                 51

Reference                                                                            54

Appendix I                                                                          55

Appendix II                           

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Working Capital is the investment at the firm in short-term or current assets, which include cash, account receivable, marketable securities, short-term note receivables, inventories and some expense prepayments. A portion of the investment in current assets is financed by current liabilities such as short-term note payable to banks. Income tax liabilities advances by customers and account payable. Therefore, networking is that portion of current assets financed by long term debt and equity sources.

The liquidity position of many firms is of fundamental importance. Hence, the importance of working capital management and its operations thus become relevant in the growth and success of any organization management policies and decisions are made due consideration of its working capital position. Organization faces a lot of shortcomings in it operation, if working capital is not given full consideration.

Inadequate working capital hinders the success of any organization. This is because it affects the daily operational activities, which directly affect the efficiency rate.

Inadequate cash for marketable securities brought about deficiency in investment and revenue generation for the organization. Inventories are often being short in supply if there is insufficient cash for the daily operation of the organization which will affect the productivity.

If there is inadequate working equipment in the organization, it discourage employee from being performing their official assignment.

The concept of working capital as a tool in financial analysis has long been recognized for instance, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountant (AICPA) in 1936 officially recognized the importance of working capital to the creditor. As a rule, a creditor is more particularly interested in the liquidity of enterprises the nature and adequacy of its working capital, hence the details of this current asset and current liabilities.

Lastly by definitions, in reality and fact working capital is not statistic of fixed figure, it changes continuously as its constitutes are turned over and over again. Often several times within a particular financial year. The crucial importance of working capital has fact, that it is used to finance production inventories and also provide credit to customers. Therefore, the availabilities of sufficient working capital is very vital to successful running of any business.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In all corporate bodies and business enterprises, the availability of sufficient working capital commensurate with the level of business activity, as it is of fundamental importance, while shortage and problems encounter in the process of utilizing working

Continue reading THE EFFECTS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANK PHB PLC KADUNA →

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

DETERMINANTS OF ATTRITION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TEXTILE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA

DETERMINANTS OF ATTRITION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TEXTILE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This study focused on attrition determinants of textile (SMES) in Nigeria. The study became necessary because the textile industry in Nigeria which was the second largest employer of labour after government declined in productivity rapidly and between 1995 and 2003, 83 textiles closed shop.

 

The main objective of this study therefore is to investigate the determinants of attrition of textile SMEs in Nigeria. Past studies have focused on firm success, with only few on firm attrition. Again most studies of firm longevity have focused on large firms. The problem is more acute from Nigerian sources.

 

This study reviewed both the theoretical framework and conceptual framework employing independent variables such as government policy, managerial skills, marketing, technology and finance, while the dependent variable is the “attrition of textile SMEs” to examine the past empirical studies.

 

The study identified a gap, since the past studies were not firm specific and did not compare failed and standing firms. This present study focuses on the SME textile sub-sector. The study will be conducted in six textile zones of Kaduna, Kano, Lagos Aba, Onitsha and Asaba. These geographical areas have the largest concentration of textile firms in Nigeria.

 

The study will compare the failed textile SMEs with those standing. The findings of this study can therefore be grossed up to national level. The collapsed SME firms and those standing whose list is with the textile manufacturers association located at No. 4 Kachia Road Kaduna forms the sampling frame.

 

Purposive sampling will be used to enlist 3 entrepreneurs each for both failed and standing firms and 10 senior managers of failed and 3 senior managers of standing firms for a pilot study. A snow-balling method will be employed to enlist the 273 top/senior executives of the sampled failed firms while a simple random sampling will be employed to enlist 100 executives of standing firms for the administration of a four point likert questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data will be generated through depth-interviews and questionnaire administration.

 

The interview will be analyzed through content analysis while principal component analysis will be applied on the survey data to arrive at the findings. Also, independent sample t-test will be conducted to address hypothesis 1 to 4, by making comparison between the failed and functional textile firms in Nigeria.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS                                                                                         PAGE

Title page     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         i

Declaration –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ii

Dedication   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iii

Acknowledgement           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         iv

Abstract       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         v

Table of contents   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         vi

List of Tables                   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         ix

List of figures                  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         x

Abbreviations & Acronyms       –         –         –         –         –         –         xi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION         –         –         –         –         1

1.1     Background of the Study           –         –         –         –         –         –         1

1.1.1  Small and Medium Enterprises –         –         –         –         3

1.1.2  Attrition       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

1.1.3  Textile Industry     –         –         –         –         –         –         7

1.1.4  Small and Medium Textile Industry in Nigeria        –         8

1.2     Statement of the problem           –         –         –         –         –         9

1.3     Objectives of the Study    –         –         –         –         –         –         10

1.3.1  General Objectives           –         –         –         –         –         10

1.3.2  Specific Objectives          –         –         –         –         –         10

1.4     Research hypothesis                  –         –         –         –         –         11

1.5     Significance of the study –         –         –         –         –         –         12

1.6     Scope of the study           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         12

1.7     Limitations of the study   –         –         –         –         –         –         13

1.8     Definition of terms          –         –         –         –         –         –         14

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW       –         –         –         17

2.1     Introduction           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         17

2.2     Theoretical Review          –         –         –         –         –         –         17

2.2.1  Technology –         –         –         –         –         –         –         19

2.2.2  Marketing    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         25

2.2.3  Managerial Skills   –         –         –         –         –         –         35

2.2.4  Finance        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         41

2.2.5  Government Policy          –         –         –         –         –         44

2.2.6  Attrition/Failure     –         –         –         –         –         –         50

2.3     Conceptual Framework    –         –         –         –         –         –         54

2.4     Review of Important Literature –         –         –         –         –         59

2.4.1  Technology –         –         –         –         –         –         –         59

2.4.2  Marketing    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         66

2.4.3  Managerial Skills   –         –         –         –         –         –         74

2.4.4  Finance        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         82

2.4.5  Government Policy          –         –         –         –         –         87

2.4.6  Attrition/Failure     –         –         –         –         –         –         96

2.5     Empirical Review –         –         –         –         –         –         –         98

2.5.1  Technology –         –         –         –         –         –         –         99

2.5.2  Marketing    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         105

2.5.3  Managerial Skills   –         –         –         –         –         –         106

2.5.4  Finance        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         111

2.6     Attrition       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         116

2.7     Critique of Review           –         –         –         –         –         –         120

2.8     Research Gap                   –         –         –         –         –         –         122

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY           –         123

3.1     Introduction           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         123

3.2     Research Philosophy       –         –         –         –         –         –         123

3.3     Research Design    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         124

3.4     Study Population   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         125

3.5     Sampling Techniques      –         –         –         –         –         –         125

3.6     Data Collection Procedure         –         –         –         –         –         127

3.6.1  Interviews Schedule         –         –         –         –         –         128

3.6.2  Questionnaire        –         –         –         –         –         –         128

3.6.3  Validity of the Research Instruments   –         –         –         130

3.7     Pilot Study   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         131

3.8     Administration of Research Instruments        –         –         –         132

3.9     Data Processing and Analysis    –         –         –         –         –         132

3.9     Ethical Issues         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         134

References

Appendices

Appendix I.           –         Introduction Letter

Appendix II.                    –         Interview Schedule & Questionnaire

Appendix III.         –         Working Plan

Appendix  IV        –         Budgeting

Appendix V           –         Association Members mills that closed since 1995

Association Member mills that are still standing

Appendix VI         –          Main qualitative indicators that may be used to differentiate between SMEs and large companies

Appendix VII        –         Non defined population optimal sample size calculation

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1:    Causes of Failure   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         76

 

 

 

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1     Enterprise Life Cycle                                                                             6

2.1     Conceptual Model for Technology Acceptance                                     19

2.1.2  TAM Application                                                                                  20

2.1.3   A Model of Five Stages in the Innovation-Decision Process:  Diffusion of Innovations    23

2.1.4  A Basic Task-Technology Fit Model                                                     25

2.1.5   A Schematic Model of the Resource Advantage Theory of Competition    30

2.1.6   A Schematic Model of the Extended Resource Advantage Theory of Competition                       31

2.1.7  The Three Circles of IMC Theory Development                                    34

2.1.8  Contingency Model                                                                               38

2.1.9  Moderated Relationship among Variables                                              57

2.10   Conceptual Framework Model                                                               58

2.11   The Textile Chain                                                                                  61

2.12   Managerial Skills required by Managers                                                79

 

 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BDS             Business Development Services

CBN            Central Bank of Nigeria

FOS             Federal Office of Statistics

GDP            Gross Domestic Product

MSME         Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

PRISMS      Promoting Improved Sustainable Micro Finance Service

R & D          Research and Development

SME            Small and Medium Enterprises

SMEDAN    Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria

SMEEIS      Small and Medium Enterprises, Equity, Investment Scheme

SPSS           Statistical Package for Social Sciences

U.K              United Kingdom

UNIDO       United Nations Industrial Development Organization

USA            United States of America

OECD          Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

NEPAD       New Partnership for Africa’s Development

AGOA         African Growth and Opportunity Act

ECA            Economic Commission for Africa

ICT              Information and Communication Technology

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

The world’s leading textile country is China which holds approximately 45 percent of global textile and garment production, while India holds a share of around 20 percent and yet in both countries, their textile SMEs are the biggest contributors to the National economy (National Union of Textile Garments and Tailoring Workers of Nigeria Publication 2008).

The textile industry belongs to the so-called first generation industry.  The textile industry in Nigeria was the third largest in Africa after Egypt and South Africa. (Eneji, Onyinye, Kennedy, & Rong, 2012). The global textile and garment market is valued at around $400 billion which is an interesting figure that attracts entrepreneurs from around the world to venture e into the sphere (http//www.com.ng).

 

Unfortunately, for the African sub-continent and for Nigeria in particular, the trade has not been profitable because of the state of its textile industry, and also with particular reference to its textile SMEs (Aguiyi, Ukaoha, Onyegbulam & Nwankwo, 2011). The modern textile industry in Nigeria, typically represents simple input substitution industrialization of the post-colonial state (Aremu 2003).

 

The sector in the past was the largest employer of labour after government as it employed over one million Nigerians   either directly or indirectly and secured 250,000 tons of raw cotton for growers (Umar, 2008).  While a large number of African countries are further taking advantage of the opportunity thrown open by African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and other preferential trade concessions, the Nigerian industry is still grappling to find a space in the international market.

 A former Minister of communications; Audu Ogbe captured the picture when he said:

The private sector which should indeed be the engine of growth is encumbered by impossible obstacles. For about 18years now, industrial growth has almost come to a half, not only are new industries impossible to establish, most old ones have nearly all shut down. (Quoted in Umar, 2008).

By and large, the contribution to economic development by small and medium enterprises which is the segment under study is not in doubt. The best estimates available, suggest that MSME comprise 87% of all firms operating in Nigeria, although the total number of registered firms is unknown (Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, 2011). The scenario is that if the general industrial outlook is bleak, the segment under study could equally be affected and it raises fears.

 

Generally, it is believed that firms survival is at least in the long run a prerequisite for success which is often measured in terms of market share or profitability. To date, however, studies of firm longevity have focused on large companies (Pasanam 2003). For the Nigerian, small and medium textiles, there has been practically no empirical study so far undertaken. Public commentaries on the state of the Nigerian textiles cannot provide the desired solution, and thus calls for proper investigation.

 

A preliminary interview with a senior  lecturer in the department of textile technology of Kaduna Polytechnic on the dearth of local works, hinted that the students and the general academic population to sustain such works has diminished considerably (Raji, 2011).

1.1.1  SMEs

The Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are heterogeneous and can be found in a number of business activities. They may embody different levels of skills and maybe found in either the formal or informal economy. (OECD, 2004).

SMEs definition can be broadly categorised into two: economic and statistical. Under the economic definition, a firm is regarded as small, if it has a relatively small share of the market, and is managed by owners in a personalized way and not through the medium of a formalized management structure; while statistical definition varies by country and is usually based on the number of employees, and the value of sales and/or value of assets (Makenbe, 2011). Due to its ease of collection however, the most commonly used variable is the number of employees (OECD, 2004).

Small and medium enterprises contribute substantially to output and employment in both developed and developing countries. Recent empirical studies show that SMEs contribute to over 55% of GDP and over 65% of total employment in high-income countries. Similarly, they contribute 60% of GDP and over 70% of total employment in low income countries, while they contribute over 95% of total employment and about 70% of GDP in middle-income countries (OECD, 2004).

A comparison of SMEs in different developing countries shows that there is no uniformity in the definition (Khrystya, Melina, & Rita, 2010). The major indices used, however are number of employees and net worth. In Thailand, any manufacturing outfit that employs less than 50 workers is regarded as a small enterprise, while those employing between..

 

Continue reading DETERMINANTS OF ATTRITION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TEXTILE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA →