PRODUCTION OF DEODORANT (AIR REFRESHING) FROM LOCAL PLANT MATERIALS.

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 2500. BUY NOW

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out principally for the production of deodorant (Air refresher) from perfumery oil/ fragrance i.e. odor ferrous essential oil to match and conyzete with one produced from abroad.
Deodorant is a substance used in controlling odour and hides unpleasant smells.
The method generally used in this work is first the extraction of the perfuming oil/ fragrance i.e. odorless essential oil from local plant materials and then mixing of the substances. After which it was allowed to stand for twenty-four hours and stirred for proper mixture. The product is much higher efficient than the individual oils. And it is cheaper to operate from this project. It is quite possible to harness our natural endowment that would compete prodigiously with one produced abroad.
Hence our environment including homes, cars, hospital, toilets etc will be totally refreshed and the need to import deodorant will be avoided.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of content vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim/ objective 2
1.2 Statement of problem 3
1.3 Justification of the study 3
1.4 Limitation of the study 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 5
2.1 Chemistry of air refresher 7
2.2 Compounds used as deodorants 12
2.3 Characteristics of an ideal air refresher 13
2.4 Classification of perfumes used in air refresher 14
2.5 Causes of odour 16
2.6 Principles guiding the most common and effective
odour control method 17
2.7 How air refreshment / deodorizers works 18
2.8 Factors that affect the activities
of air refreshers (deodorant). 20
2.9 Users of air refreshers 21
2.10 Brief description of the materials used 21
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 25
3.1 raw materials and equipment used 25
3.2 Method of extraction 26
3.3 Formulation 30
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and discussion 32
4.1 result 32
4.2 Discussion 32
4.3 Observation 33
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and recommendation 35
5.1 conclusions 35
5.2 Recommendation 36
Reference 37

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The world deodorant is substance used in controlling odor and wide unpleasant smells especially those of the body and environment. It is related to the Latin word perfumery ( to fill with smoke). Since it was found in a mixture of finely grounded spices field together by myrrh.
Deodorant was first developed by John Jayeo in 1817, which it was declared that resin soap could be dissolved to a clear solution in tarals or creosole to form a black deodorant fluid. Later on in 1987, damman a german scientist presented a method for preparing laysol a disintectant which follow in the category of deodorant containing a high proportion of phenols in soap solution which gave on dilution a clear solution in distilled water.
Deodorant is as result of heterogeneous mixture of different chemical substance, which retain a portion of the odorless principle, which can be blended by a vehicle, solvent and fixatives. But we have two kinds of deodorant which include body deodorant example perfume and environment deodorant, which is air refresher.
In order to produce a deodorant, many factors have to be considered. They include;
1 concentration
2 Organic matter
The deodorant has to be such that its concentration is such that it performs its specific function under the stated condition in the presence of organic matter.
1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This work is aimed at developing an economic and indigenous way of producing deodorant using local plant materials in the best interest of small-scale industries thereby

EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF MYRISTIC OIL FROM MONODORA MYRISLICA (EHURU)

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 2500. BUY NOW

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim of the Project Work 2
1.2 Statement of Problem 3
1.3 Limitation 3
1.4 Justification 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 4
2.1 Definitions of the Analytical Parameters 5
2.1.1 Saponification value 5
2.1.2 Iodine Value 5
2.1.3 Acid Value 5
2.1.4 Specific Gravity 5
2.1.5 Fatty Acids 6
2.1.6 Peroxide Value 6
2.2 Chemical Composition of Vegetable Oil 6
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials used in the Work 8
3.1 Extraction Procedure 8
3.2 The Soxhlet Extraction 10
3.3 Procedures for oil Characterization 11
3.3.1 Determination of Iodine Value 11
3.3.2 Determination Saponification value 11
3.3.3 Determination Peroxide value 12
3.3.4 Determination of Acid Value 12
3.3.5 Determination of Specific Gravity 12
3.3.6 Determination Viscosity 13
3.3.7 Determination Percentage oil yield 13

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion 15
4.1 Calculation of Iodine Value 15
4.2 Calculation of Saponification Value 16
4.3 Calculation of Peroxide Value 16
4.4 Calculation of Acid Value 17
4.5 Calculation of Specific Gravity 17
4.6 Percentage yield of the Oil 18
4.7 Table of Values 19
4.8 Discussion 19
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 21
5.1 Conclusion 21
References 22
CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
As a result of the increase in the demand for oils and fats for both industrial and consumption purposes, frantic efforts have been initiated through research and experiments to find out as much sources of oil and fats as possible. Before now, oils and fats used by man were those obtained from animals, but presently, efforts through research and experiments have revealed a lot of plant sources of fats and oils to meet the observed increment in demand. These plants oils are otherwise known as vegetable oil and are obtained either from the seeds or the nuts of a plant. Examples of these oils are myristic oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, oil bean seed oil, coconut oil among others.
As stated above, one of the fruits born by the frantic efforts to find suitable alternatives to animal sources of oils and fats is the discovery of myristic oil. Myristic oil is an extract from monodora myristica (Ehuru) of the family annonareoa. The oil is gotten from the seeds of the tree plant, which its seeds, are commonly used in the flavouring of food. Apart from the use of its seeds in food flavouring myristic oil is a very good edible oil it contains about 25% yield of the edible oil and 5% of volatile oil. (Van Oss 1975). Myristic oil just like other vegetable oils can be obtained by soxhlete extraction method, cold method, steam distillation among other extraction techniques.
Here in the eastern part of Nigeria, Monodora myristica is major grown in Nsukka, Enugu State. The tree considerably call and well branched. The fruits are round and big like that of bread fruit; containing numerous shelled seeds within the inner mass of the fruits. The seeds are capsular in shape and remain the base for its propagation. The fruit detatches and falls on the ground when riped; and the harvesting is done after the fruit must have decomposed. The harvesting period is 10th to 12th months of the year. (Okafor 1983). The seeds dishes out or powerful fragrance hence its use in the flavouring of food.
The English name for Monodora Myristica is Africa nut meg while its local name is Ehuru.
1.1 AIM

The aim of this research work is to extract and characterized myristic oil in order to ascertain its usefulness either as an edible oil or an industrial oil.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There has been high consumption demand on common oils such as palm oil, ground nut oil, coconut oil etc; which has consequently brought about an increase in the