THE STUDY OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work was designed to examine and analyze sexual harassment among female students in the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. Four (4) research questions were formulated and questionnaires were administered to one hundred (100) respondents in order to gather data for the research. Results of the research showed that most female students of the College of Education usually experience sexual harassment from the lecturers. Finally some recommendations were made by the researcher.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Background of the study

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Limitation of the study

Scope of the study

Research questions

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO        

Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE    

Research design and methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Instrument for data collection

Validation of data collection

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR       

Presentation and discussion of result

CHAPTER FIVE         

Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation

Conclusion

Recommendation

QUESTIONNAIRE     

REFERENCES  

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Sexual harassment is a serious problem for all student at all educational levels. Students in elementary and secondary schools as well as vocational schools, apprenticeship programmes, colleges and universities can be victims of sexual harassment. This problem is more common than you might think because many students are scared or too embarrassed to report sexual harassment.

 

Harassment can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature. Sexual harassment also include intimidation, bullying or coercion of a sexual nature or the unwelcome or inappropriate promises of rewards in exchange for sexual favours. In most modern legal contexts, sexual harassment is illegal. Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include offensive remarks about a person’s sex. For example, it is illegal to harass a woman by making offensive comments about women in general. Both victims and the harasser can either be a woman or a man, and the victim and the harasser can also be of the same sex.

 

Although the law doesn’t prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victims being fired or demoted).

 

The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a coworker or someone who is not an employee of the employer such as client or customer. It includes a range of behavior from seemingly mind (dubious discuss) transgressions and annoyances to actual sexual abuse or sexual assault. Sexual harassment is a form of illegal employment discrimination in many countries and is a form of abuse (sexual and psychological) and bullying for many businesses and other organization, preventing sexual harassment and defending employees from sexual harassment charges, have become key goals of legal decision-making.

 

Effects of sexual harassment can vary depending on the individual, and severity and duration of the harassment, often, sexual harassment incidents fall into the category of the “merely annoying”. However, many situations can and do have life altering effects particularly when they involve severe/chronic abuses and or retaliation against a victim who complains about it openly. Indeed psychologists and social workers report that severe/chronic sexual harassment can have the same psychological effects as rape or sexual assault. (Koss, 1987). For example in 1995, Judith Coflin committed suicide after chronic sexual harassment by her boss and co-workers.

 

Moreover, every year, sexual harassment cost hundreds of millions of dollars is lost educationally and professionally, mostly for girls and women (Boland, 2002). However, the quantity of men implied in these conflicts is significant. Sexual harassment has reduced many students ability to participate in extracurricular activities or attend classes.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS      

Sexual harassment still exists in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. It is also highlighted by the fact that in 2010, a computer science lecturer of the College was demoted from a higher office after he was accused of sexually harassing female students of the Department.

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Against this background a study on which this research is based, was embarked upon in order to fully examine sexual harassment prevalence among female students in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. Specifically, the study had the following objectives;

1.     To analyze the extent to which staff and students of College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin defines and understands sexual harassment.

2.     To identify and examine the most valuable group in relation to cases of sexual harassment.

3.     To critically analyze the divergence of views in relation to sexual harassment cases.

4.     To identify and assess the institutional measures taken to avoid or curb sexual harassment.

5.     To identify and examine the effects sexual harassment on female students of the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS  

This study is out to answer some of the following questions;

1.     What is the nature and forms of sexual harassment in the College?

2.     What are student’s views on the rate of sexual harassment in the College?

3.     Are students satisfied with the measures taken by the College management to curb sexual harassment?

4.     Are female students more sexually harassed than male students in the College?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY  

The importance of this study is that it helps to call for urgent research into the prevalence, and effect of sexual harassment on the classroom interaction and performance of female students in tertiary institutions of learning.

It is also hoped that this study will assist the College management in making decision management in making decision and mapping out strategic policies towards cracking the ugly trend of sexual harassment among female students in the College.

 

DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is done within the premises of College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. This study is also limited to the investigation of sexual harassment among female students of the College. The findings of this study is limited to the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Sexual: Connected with the physical activity of sex.

Harass: To annoy or worry someone by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them.

Prevalence: The act of existing or becoming very common at a particular time r in a particular place.

Coercion: The action of making somebody do something that they do no want to do.

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THE APPRAISAL OF THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS CONFRONTING STUDENT TEACHERS ON TEACHING PRACTICE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

THE IMPACT OF WOMEN LITERACY EDUCATION ON THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

 

 

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The impact of women literacy education on the empowerment of women can not be over emphasized.  In Nigeria, as in most developing countries of the world, literacy education is valued so much that it is looked upon as a pre-requisite for all the short-comings of society as well as the surest means for empowering women and for national development.Women literacy education is that education given to female children or women at different stages and ways (formal and non-formal).

 

It is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities to become effective participant of a given social group.  Women literacy education is the process that brings about self esteem which helps in promoting participation of women in organizations and their community that reflect in the society at large.In reference to education therefore, the new National Policy states categorically that:  The Federal Government of Nigeria has adopted education as an instrument per excellence for effecting women empowerment and national development.

 

Education fosters the worth and development of the individual, for each individual’s sake and for the general development of the society.  The document emphasizes that every Nigerian child shall have a right to equal educational opportunities irrespective of any real or imagined disabilities each according to his or her ability.Consequently, education has been pursued with vigor in most parts of Nigeria.  It is seen as the factor whose acquisition raises one’s income as well as the social status and progress in the society.In the past, education especially boy’s education was a sort of life assurance.  Girls’ education was neglected because cultural and biological factors limited their access to education.

 

Women’s roles were to procreate and lactate.  Women had no say in any community or national development as they were believed to be the weaker-sex.  This phenomenon is not peculiar to Nigeria.  It is common to other parts of the world.  Women have always had less access to educational opportunities than men.  The reasons being that women were believed to be birds of passages who will eventually be married to other families after their training.  This is why in places such as India, cousins are allowed to marry so that their wealth will be retained within their Families

 

 

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THE CAUSES OF DEVIANT AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

The research work is aimed at finding out the cause of deviant and delinquent behaviour among students in Emotan Girls Grammar School in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State. The instrument employed in gathering the data include questionnaires, interview and personal observation. Based on the analyzed data, the following findings were discovered.

1.                  That broken marriage or home can cause deviant and delinquent behaviour.

2.                  That lack of teaching materials also lead to deviant and delinquent behaviour among students.

3.                  That peer group influence can contribute to deviant and delinquent behaviour

4.                  That poor quality administration exhibited by principals and school masters can lead to deviant and delinquent behaviour. Based on the findings, recommendations were made by the researcher.  

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE     

Introduction

Background of the study

Research question

Purpose of study

Significance of the study

Scope of study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO    

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE            

Methodology

Population of the study

Sampling techniques

Research instrument

Validity of instrument

Procedure for data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE    

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Suggestion for further research

REFERENCE          

QUESTIONNAIRE    

        

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Deviant and delinquent behaviour is a big problem in our society today. Some years ago, Egyptians priest carried on a stone our earth is degenerated, children no longer obey their parents. (Johnson, 1995). The attention of different people has been drawn to the increase in deviant and delinquent behaviour among students in Emotan Girls Grammar School. Going through the Nigeria daily newspapers and listening to radio and television, we hear a twist of deviant and delinquent causes being attributed to Emotan girl’s grammar school of today. Gone are the days where student’s today pride being in school strives for excellence in class work and looked to the future ambitiously quite and innocent for their ages. It is not so these days.

People involved in the upbringing of children have noticed a variety of behaviour ranging from simple vices like falsifying age to taking alcohols that will lead them to naughtiness. Incident of anti-social behaviour are on the increase in Emotan girls grammar school, some of these include students attacking teaching, burning and destroying of school properties and attempting to rape their female counterparts etc. increase in the occurrence of these deviant and delinquent act is now causing a lot of concern for parents, teachers and social workers who have the responsibility of bringing up these children. This implies that the cause of deviant and delinquent act in Emotan girls grammar school has to be sought and the necessary steps have to be taken in preventing it.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM  

The decision to carryout a study on the causes of deviant and delinquent behaviour has been inspired by the investigators experience as a teacher. In school there are usually a case of students involving in stealing, truancy, smoking of India hemp etc. the importance of the students in the national development cannot be over emphasized, but when the students who are supposed to build the nation engage in various vices and crimes what hope has the nation. There is no doubt that the behaviour of these students has adverse effect on them and the students around them. Therefore the problem of this study focuses on the following questions:

1.                  What influence does social economic factor have on deviant and delinquent behaviour of the students?

2.                  Does television view cause students to be deviant

3.                  Is there any relationship between peer group pressure and deviant and delinquency?

4.                  What influence does parents behaviour have on deviant and delinquent behaviour of students

5.                  Does emotional deprivation cause students to be deviant?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study is primarily intended to find out the causes of deviant and delinquent behaviour in Emotan girls grammar school especially those that are related to the home since charity begin at home. The study will also attempt to give suggestion on how to eliminate deviant and delinquent behaviour from the Emotan girl’s grammar school.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hope that the result of this study will be useful to parents, teachers, psychologist and social workers. The findings will also as a source of useable literature on the cause of deviant and delinquent behaviour

It is hope that the finding of the study will also act as a basis for relevant preventive measure in deviant and delinquent behaviour.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.                  Does adolescent behaviour cause deviant and delinquent behaviour?

2.                  Is television viewing cause of deviant and delinquent behaviour?

3.                  Do improper home upbringing of children the cause of deviant and delinquent behaviour?

4.                  Does poor school administration lead to deviant and delinquent act?

5.                  Does truancy lead to deviant and delinquent behaviour?

6.                  Does stealing cause deviant and delinquent behaviour?

SCOPE OF STUDY

These research focuses attention on Emotan girls grammar school and the Emotan girls grammar school are Secondary School.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Deviants: This refers to as the behaviour going against norms or the absent of discipline. This implies that for any behaviour to be recognized as against the norms of the society.

Delinquency: This is defined or referred to as the behaviour of our consequent to the failure of personal and social controls to produce behaviours in confirming with the norms of the society system to which legal penalty are attached. Delinquent individual have not been able to imbibe the rules and norms of the society.

Broken Home: This refers to the separation of parents either by divorce or desertion.

Emotional Deprivation: This means when a person is deprived of opportunities to experience reasonable amount of love.

Unfavorable Parental Interaction: This is referred to as a situation in which there is lack of cordial relationship between the parents. In this regard, children learn bad habits from such interaction.

Adolescent: Adolescent is a period where the growing children experience early accelerated growth spirit as he is growing towards adult hood. (Akinbonye, 1985). In Nigeria the adolescent are simply between the enological ages of 12-21 years.

Uncordial Family Relationship: This is also refers to as the type of relationship those results in lack of attention for children. It can result in instability to the children and way crate fear in the children. For example, this type of relation can exist between step-parents and their step children. Some step-parents see the step-children as the children of the irresponsible parents children from such home get away from home and engage in deviant act by joining various deviant sub-culture.

Subculture: These are referred to as a group in which some type of law violating activity is required in the performance of the group roles.

Criminal Sub-Culture: This is the type of gang devoted to that exhortation and other illegal method of obtaining incomes.

Conflict Sub-Culture: This is also referred to as the type of violence dominated as a way of winning status.

Restreatist Sub-Culture: This also means the type of gang in which the consumption of alcohols is stressed.

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THE ROLE OF PARENTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION (PTA) ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

This research work is aimed at investigating the influence of PTA on the administration  of schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.

Twenty students were randomly selected from five secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area.

The data was collected by means of questionnaire. The data were collected by the use of percentage scores.

The finding of the study shows that:

1.            PTA helps to provide transport facilities for schools.

2.            PTA helps also in fund raising towards the welfare of the students.

3.            Indiscipline in schools can be attributed to lack of cooperation between parents and the school authority.

4.            Schools with strong PTA are less liable to riot than schools with strong PTA.

5.            PTA enhances the improvement in moral academic and spiritual welfare of the students.

The implication of the results were discusses and recommendation were made.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of study

The significance of the study

Research question

Scope and limitation of study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related Literature

Definition of parent’s teachers association

Origin of parent teacher association

Aim of parents teacher association

Functions and achievement of PTA

CHAPTER THREE

Method and material

Population

Sample/sampling techniques

Design of the study

Research method

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Analysis and representation of result

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary

Conclusion

Findings

Recommendation

Suggestion for further studies

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The act of passing on knowledge from one generation to the other is the role of the parents. The parents are more effective in imparting discipline and knowledge to students at the very grass root level. It is therefore a known fact that all parents have the natural inclination to give their children the good things of life they are capable of providing for them. And in the modern age, the major task is on the provision of quality education and good standard of living. In the light of this, parents have developed a very positive interest in what goes on in school. It is this interest of parents in the education of their children and wards in schools that gave birth to the organization or formation called “Parents Teachers Association”. During the latter years of the 19th century, the Parents Teacher Association was first organized by a group of women in America. The first meeting called “the national congress of mothers” was actually held in 1877. It was this meeting that stimulated the founding of the national congress of parents and teachers in association in 2000.

The congress of parents and teachers, which now goes by the name Parents Teacher Association {PTA} and the functions, now includes particularly in curricular development policy making and setting standards in schools.

Abiola A.O. {1967} since Parents Teacher Association is concerned with the student’s welfare and all round developments that is why parents are giving a role in the administrative administration  of secondary school. This means that the Parents Teachers Association is interested in the co-operation of the school system.

If the school is to achieve its goal, meets the needs of students and fulfill the expectation of parents, there should be good linkage between the teachers and parents. Parents are experienced people who are conversant with child psychology and development. They therefore know the needs of their children at difference stages of development. In view of this, the parents are in a better position to give useful advice to teachers when necessary. Individual parents could be invited to school for discussion on their children welfare. The principal with the assistance of the staff point at the children weakness and give suggestion for improvement. The parents teacher association is a forum for teachers and parents to meet and discuss issues relating to the welfare of the parents and teachers. Through the PTA meeting, parents could be educated or enlightened on the discipline and causes of students’ delinquency. Through this the parents will have an insight into the causes of the students problem and know more effective ways of dealing with such problem. He will also know the danger associated with ineffective discipline. The organization of PTA in most schools raises a number of questions as to

a.            Whether the PTA provide fund for school?

b.            Without the PTA, can the school not raise fund?

c.            How much has the PTA help in the discipline of students in school?

Really, the PTA provides funds for the school by way of levy or donation.

Secondly, the school cannot raise levy without the PTA. This is because PTA represents the community in which the school is built.

Finally, PTA has influenced the discipline of students in schools.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Many factors give rise to the formation of parent’s teacher association in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area in Edo State. It is likely that there are lacks of schools facilities. It could be due to shortage of manpower, which may involve PTA’s negotiation. It might be as a result of students’ interest. Again, it may be as a result of inadequate provision of school materials for students. All these problems attract the intervention of the PTA. It is probably whether PTA actually acts to assist school in matters relating for day to day running of schools. Thus, a formal study of this nature on the influence of PTA in school administration is very important.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of parent teacher association in the schools administration especially in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The PTA’s involvement in secondary school administration is a kind of rendering assistance to government who always emphasis self help development and this association help to promote discipline among students by policies formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the influence of PTA in school administration.

RESEARCH QUESTION

The following research questions have been drawn up to guide the study.

a.            Does involvement of PTA in the administration  of secondary schools influence discipline in schools?

b.            Is indiscipline in secondary schools largely due to lack of cooperation between parents and school authorities?

c.            Does PTA fund raising contribute towards the welfare of the students?

d.            Are schools with strong PTA less liable to riot than those without PTA?

e.            Does PTA provide moral support for the students in school?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The influence of parents teacher association in the administration of secondary school is of great importance. Quite very often, people attribute the success of most secondary school administration to the existence of strong PTA organization in schools.

This study is therefore significant in the sense that, it will throw more light on what the students, teachers, principals and the general public perceived to the influence of PTA in the administration  machinery of secondary school. Again, as a result of its contributions the principals might see their shortcoming and involved in a more effective approach to school administration . The result of the study may provide reliable information on the nature of principal’s leadership in schools, to school board of education {state and local}. From this, they may redefine the policy on which subsequent school administration  policies will be formulated. Therefore, this would enhance effective teaching learning and administration  in our secondary schools. Other researchers might find the influence of the study useful particularly researchers in the field of school administration  and discipline.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

In this study, the researcher will give brief definition and explanation of he concept used.

School: This is defined as a place for teaching and learning in a formal structure. That is, everything about a school must be there such as chalkboard, writing desk and chairs, qualified teachers etc.

PTA: Parents Teachers Association as the name implied is the unionism or coming together of both parents, guidance, teachers inclusive of pupils, student attending primary and post primary schools of learning.

Administration: This is a social process concerned with identifying, maintaining, motivating, controlling and unifying formally and informally organized human and material resources with in integrated system designed specifically to achieve an objective. But in educational context, educational administration is a service activity through which the fundamental objectives of the educational process may be more fully and efficiently realized.

Administration : This is the act of running and controlling of the school system, the day to day activities carried out in the school are kept in the administration  book.

Discipline: This is the means where by children are trained in orderliness of good conduct on the habit of getting the best out of themselves all of which are essential to the well being of the school. On the other hand, indiscipline is the opposite of discipline and it simply put back of control.

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