EFFECT OF POPULATION ON ROAD TRANSPORTATION IN BENIN CITY

 

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Research question

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Literature Review

Chapter Three

Research methodology

Population

Sample and sampling techniques

Research instrument

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Analysis of data and discussion of result

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

References

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

First of all let us see what population is. Population is the number of people living in a geographical location recorded or not. While transportation is the movement of people, animals, goods and services etc from one place to another. An investigation in the circumstances of the diverse means of conveying themselves and their goods from one place to another.

 

Human portage and beast were the earliest means of fulfilling such task. Tracks were stamped out by man across different terrains and through the jungles drought animals (beast of burden) such as homes, buffaloes elephants, males and camels were domesticated and extensively employed to save man from carrying things themselves, especially weightily things. But such animals could hardly cover 24km (15 miles) to 48km (30 miles) per day. But in those days and even in some uncivilized part of the world today, this was and is the only sensible way of transportation.

 

Iboaya (1991) explained that in Nigeria transportation means including trekking, human porterage, transportation by animals, roads, railways, water and air. But in this context, we will be focusing on road transportation, and the effect of population in it. Road transportation is the movement of people, animals, goods and services etc on road. There are different types of roads, they include;

1.     Cul-de-sac roads: These are streets roads with opening at one end.

2.     Local arterial roads: These are important main roads

3.     Local roads: A local road is a road that is special to a place or district.

4.     Highways/dual carriage way: These are divided highways e.g. Benin-Ibadan Road, Bye Pass. Different speeds are maintained on these roads as the width (carriage ways) varies increasing from the local roads to the high ways. Some links towns, while others link states. Road link people directly and provide door to door services.

 

To ensure people feed, clothe communicate with one another especially in this modern life when humans needs are numerous and enormous that it is said to be insatiable. Human beings have to engage in different activities in order to make good life inevitable. These needs are not found in one particular place within man’s immediate environment or jurisdiction therefore to get these vital needs man must move from where they are found to their place of usage.

 

However, population has really effected road transportation, Uselu Lagos Road as an example. Motorist, bikes riders (Okada) lorry etc and even pedestrians have to use the road and due to the population, the road (Uselu Lagos Road) seems to be too small for the enormous users which has succeeded in leading to bad traffic unnumbered accidents, where lots of ghastly and fatal injuries have been seen.

 

Due to the population, some car, bike etc owners now have to keep their mobiles at home and even prefer trekking because of the delay. Population has also been the cause of robbering on the road due to delay caused by traffic congestion, night will have to come whereby thieves, kidnappers, and all sort of that will want to take advantage of. Also due to the population, packed cars can be damaged due to rush and speed of approaching persons or vehicles.

 

Population on road can also bring some sort of insecurity of children, due to the fact that, their parents now come late to the house especially at night. Population on road (Uselu Lagos Road) still leads to pedestrians or even motorist fighting, trying to get to their destination on time, and as a result life and properties can be lost. Population in the Uselu Lagos Road can as well bring about disappointment in businesses and even lost of trust, if goods and services is not delivered promptly or as promised due to bad traffic (that is the route from where its coming) population on road (Uselu Lagos Road) can also lead to missing of appointment because one could not meet the time expected of him/her due to bad traffic as well. Population on road has also made business transaction complex in Benin, especially those that live in Uselu Lagos Road metropolis and that has to do with transportation of goods and services.

 

Population also bring about high cost of transportation especially at night, by bus, bike, cars, etc drivers (commercially). Roads are high in concentration in Edo State. Buses, lorries, trucks and heavy duty vehicles make use of the road in Benin City, road transportation is the most used form of transportation means like railways and water ways in Benin City. Therefore roads are highly concentrated in Benin City.

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM           

From the background, you can deduce that there is lost of lives and properties, there is poor deliverance of goods and services, lost of trust in business partners, fear of business transaction in Benin metropolis, and there is the fear of insecurity of children of absent parents, also the fear of sitting business organization in Benin jurisdiction, due to population on road there is fear of lateness and even loosing of life for those pupils and students, schooling in the terrain or environs, air pollution occurs at major road junctions, asthma and allergies, noise pollution occurs along the major route ways into the town from the high number of cars, lorries, buses etc and smog during high pressure conditions. And also because of high density of population and goods there is damage on the road such as potholes due to heavy weight of goods and people there is also damage of vehicles as a result of this.

 

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of this study are as follows;

1.     To identify why people in Benin City move from one place to another.

2.     To find out the pattern of movement of the people

3.     To examine the effect of population on road transportation, Uselu Lagos Road is taken as a case study and

4.     To suggest possible ways of ameliorating these effect on road transportation.

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

The significance of this project work is that when the effects of population on road transportation are examine, recommendation will be made to the appropriate authorities and public (road users). Such recommendations will assist in improving road transportation.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For this study, the following research questions shall be verified;

1.     Does the variation in the pattern of movement of people have effects on road transportation?

2.     What is the intensity of the population pressure on road transportation

3.     Does population pressure have no effect on road transportation?

4.     Do passengers and goods move from one place to another by means of road transportation only?

5.     Does high intensity of population defies good transportation system and facilities.

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study covered such areas as movement of people from one place to another and the pattern of movement of the people.

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Road Transportation: This means the movement of goods and passengers from one place to their destined places with the use of vehicles that poly the roads.

Population: According to Hornby (1985) defines population as the number of people living in a place, or country. Population is also defined as the total number of people in particular geographical areas recorded or otherwise.

In the light of the explanation given above, effect of population on road transportation can be defined as the force exerted on road transportation.

 

 

 

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THE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF TEACHING QUALIFICATION OF FEMALE TEACHERS ON THE STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY

 

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ABSTRACT

The study is an attempt to investigate the effect of teaching qualification on the student’s performance of pupils in Egor local government area of Edo State. Chapter one deals with the introduction where effect of teaching qualification of female teacher has been exhaustively discussed and examined. Chapter two contain the extirpation of some writers where they emphasized on the individual and to society at large. Chapter three is the survey of effect of teaching qualification of female teachers on the student’s performance in Egor primary school in carrying out this survey, a questionnaire was prepared and given to a cross section of the people concerned and who are connected with the running of the school. Chapter four deals with analysis of data collected and the result of the data was discussed. Finally, chapter five deals with recommendation of solution to the problems, conclusion are made in the essay will help to either complete or eradicate the effect of teaching qualification of female teachers on the students performance of pupil in Egor primary school. This will also enhance a conclusive working condition on the part of the government, the resultant effect will be academic excellence will be adjusted citizens and well developed individual that are self reliant.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter One

Introduction

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Basic assumptions

Delimitation of the study

Limitations of the study

Significance of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Literature Review

Chapter There

Methodology

Research Design

Population of the study

Sample and sampling procedures

Research instrument

Validity of the instrument

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Data Analysis and Interpretation Chapter Five

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

Suggestions for further research

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRES

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Education to so many people in general is regarded as the oldest institution which started in the earlier history in any human community. This education may be said to be as old as creation. The fact is that before the invention of writing man had sought to establish some system of training in skills and knowledge for the transmission of values in the society. Education thus existed even in the most primitive culture of the world.

What is new in education today is the new method of approach to the varrying system of societies. New emphasis and methods are being used by the government and educational institutions for effective transmission of skills and knowledge which is normally carried out according to levels.

In Nigeria, there are three main level of education the primary level which is regarded as the grass root level, the secondary level which is regarded as the junior and senior level, university level of education. This study will be limiting its level scope to the primary level of education; As it relates to Egor primary school.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nigeria until about a decade age was regarded as an underdeveloped country. This had been mainly due to the colonial background of the country which was mainly concerned with the expensive agriculture and mineral wealth of the country. The Nigeria economy system was mainly that of the extraction of raw materials to European market and his importation of finished product back to Nigeria.

Recently, successive government has been emphasizing the need for Nigeria to have a break through in technology economy. This came as a result of global shift from its position to technological advancement can be attained was the restricting to the teaching qualification of female teachers. Thus there is great emphasis on the effect of teaching qualification of female.

 

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.    The main objective of the study is to find out the effect of teaching qualification of female teachers on the students performance of pupil.

2.    Determine teacher’s effectiveness and performance of female teachers in Egor primary school.

3.    Ascertain the extent to which teachers effectiveness have enhanced the academic performance of pupils in Egor primary school

4.    To identify some problems areas and apply some of the suggestions to put towards it with a view to improving the situation. This would help the female teacher in Egor primary school.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

1.    Does lack of female teachers in Egor primary school affect the academic performance of student in Uselu?

2.    Does inadequate teaching affect the continuous career long self improvement and performance pupils of the students in primary school?

3.    Does inadequate teaching have effect in the life of primary school and well being of teaching and learning process and the performance of students in primary school?

4.    Does inadequate teaching qualification of female teachers affect the effectiveness and performance of pupils Egor primary school?

 

SIGNIFICATION OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is to find out the problem involved in the teaching qualification of female teachers, as it affects the students performance in the primary school.

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study was based on Egor primary school in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.

There are total numbers of six schools in Egor primary school premises.

They are selected as

Egor primary school 1

Egor primary school 2

Egor primary school 3

Egor primary school 4

Egor primary school 5

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the purpose of this research, the researcher has given meaning to the following terms as such in this study

Qualification teachers: This connoted the availability of female teacher trained to teach well.

Teaching method: Those are the simplified method by which the teacher presents their teaching to the learner’s to give room for effective comprehension of lesson.

 

 

 

Continue reading THE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF TEACHING QUALIFICATION OF FEMALE TEACHERS ON THE STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY →

 THE EFFECT OF TEACHERS QUALITY AND METHODOLOGY ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN INTEGRATED SCIENCE

 

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of teachers qualities and methodology on students performance in secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area.

 

The study was carried out using five randomly selected Junior Secondary Schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area. From the data collected and analyzed, it was observed that the students in schools with well qualified integrated science teachers learn integrated science effectively when compared to those in schools without qualified integrated science teachers.

 

The study also revealed that the effects of teacher’s qualities and methodology on students performance in integrated science depends on the future profession they have in mind. It further shows that the performance of students was not influenced by any external factor; rather the decision to choose integrated science was self-determined. In carryout the study data were collected with the use of questionnaire, which were complied and computed in various tables from which the following conclusions were drawn.

 

1.                 There is a poor or negative performance by students in integrated science in Junior secondary schools

2.               This negative performance is traceable to the following factors

a.     Lack of adequate number of qualified integrated science teachers in most junior secondary schools

b.     Further career influences the performance of students towards the study of integrated science.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one         =

Introduction

The importance of science in the society

Statement of problem

Significance of the study

Hypothesis

Limitation

Chapter two =

Literature review

The inadequate supply of qualified and experienced teachers

Teachers teaching method/techniques

Student’s interest in integrated science

Chapter three =

Design and methodology

Sample procedure

Research instrument

Data collection

Data analysis

Reliability of research instrument

Validity of research instrument

Administration of research instrument

Chapter four =

Analysis of data interpretation

Chapter five         =

Summary, conclusion and reliability

Conclusion

Bibliography

Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The fact that science is very important cannot be overemphasized. The numerous contributions of science to the social and economic development of the country is well recognized. Some basic knowledge of science needed by everyone, that is, to ensure continuity and profitable exploration of the scientific and technological potentials, it is necessary to lay emphasis on scientific knowledge.

 

Over the countries, researchers in science and invention has prevented man from living in hard life and making life more comfortable. Such inventions and discoveries are a formula racing car capable of speed up to nearly 400km/hr, the making of soap and the drinking platform of worlds class shot putter who can propped the 7.2kg shot more than 21m and also the volcanic eruption or volcanic at mounts ngoruatice, New Zealand and are some of the pertinent form of discoveries through sciences. In the western world, the history of sciences is as old as the world itself. People like Behiwer, Aristotle and Newton to mention but a few were able to make breakthrough in the study of science through invaluable contributions in their different fields of studies.

 

Their activities at that time were channeled towards alleviating the social suffering of mankind through science and technological means. Nigeria has been making an effort to keep abreast with her western counterparts in the development of scientific knowledge. The subject in question is integrated science has a precise meaning as to what it entails.

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE IN THE SOCIETY

The importance of science in the society cannot be over-emphasized as national improvement is concerned. Both technological knowledge otherwise science, no doubt, form the bedrock of most of the invention that have made life easy. Scientific all over the world such as British, America, Japanese, Italian, are today engaged ion research in science. Radar control at London, large airports, television, radio, motorcar, have developed from researchers in science.

 

Some educators have given different views about science in the society of ours. These are: Fafunwa (1974) stated that “science education is many parts of Africa, south of the Shahara is only little over forty years old. In Nigeria, for example, science was introduced into secondary school curriculum as late as the 1930. Consequently, they have started for formulate a curriculum which gives priority to the study of science to enhance the nation technologically. In the implementation of the curriculum formulated by Nigeria educationist in the 1960s, there has been very little evidence in improvement in scientific development.

 

Ezeilo (1976) pointed out that without science and technological education, we are nowhere. Fafunwa (1967) said in the world of today, science and technology have become dominant cultural factors and any nation that is not alive to it is dead or dying.

 

In a developing country like Nigeria, there is always the call for scientific and technological development. Nigeria, for example since independence has geared efforts towards the development of scientific manpower.  Fafunwa (1976) said that “science should be made a compulsory subject at both elementary and the secondary school levels and as well as educating the masses than Africa will be able to move from the static role of spectator to that of an actor in the exciting scientific age”. Nigeria has realized the need for scientific and technological advancement.

 

According to Ezeilo (1976) Nigeria has been warned that her pre-eminent position I Africa today and the growing affairs would be hollow and without substance, unless they were solidly based on scientific and technological capabilities. As stated in the new national policy on education (1998) one of the aims of secondary education is to equip students to live effectively in our modern age of science and technology. This is a more statement into classroom experience for the achievement of scientific literacy? In the early 1960s the development in the teaching and learning of science were grouped together and studied under the little hygiene and nature study. There was no distinction between the various aspects of science subjects.

 

Karplus, a physicist carried out a study of curriculum improvement  in integrated science by teaching in first grades classroom, the method  and materials he has were developed to see the possible outcome of the teaching. The steps and general method, which scientists use in seeking a cure for cancer, are the scientific method are in general, the same as those used in the solution of any problems, they can be understood and applied by the problem, they can be understood and applied by the teaching in a classroom situation.

 

The curriculum planners over the hears have become aware of the importance of integrated science as an integral part of science and have therefore, attempted to give integrated science as well as other science proper attention in the junior secondary school education, but sad however, is the fact that the teaching of integrated science as a subject in our junior secondary schools is none of theoretical knowledge.

 

Indeed, no attention has been directed towards making integrated science as a way in which integrated science teaching and learning could be seen as a way of thought, attitude or as product is by emphasizing the importance of professional, qualified and experienced teachers in the field of integrated science. Finally, it is the expectation of the researcher that the findings of this research would go along way to improve the implementation of the school integrated science curriculum. When the student’s performances are enhanced, it means that they are on a more solid pedestral towards achieving a meaningful preliminary scientific knowledge.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

After a brief analysis, it is imperative and pertinent to have a look on some of these problems under construction as a follows: schools should be well equipped with standard instructional materials to enhance effective teaching, so that whatever method employed by the teacher, the desired outcome is achieved. The learning situation should be made ideal at least to some extent for greater efficiency and learning outcome.

 

Laboratories should be well equipped for the purpose of driving home the subject matter and to motivate the students. The teachers should not put on an angry look always as this may scare the students from a particular subject. It is important to this list below some of the methods employed by teachers and in addition elicit the qualities of teachers for the purpose of this research work.

The methods are:

Discussion method

Project method

Discovery method

Induction method

Experimental method

Laboratory method

These methods have been viewed by different educators and scientist.

According to Mr. Stephen O. Etagbalavbe, stated that “classroom control forms an integral part of the teachers duty”. It is his ability to create an atmosphere, which is conducive to effective teaching and learning in the class. Effective classroom control like good discipline facilitates the intellectual and moral training of t he children. The way of achieving the adequate and effective classroom control and management include the qualities of the teachers.

These are listed below:

Good subject mastery

Easily accessible to the students

He should be composed and comported

He should be friendly and amiable

Teacher’s personality

Teaching methods

Punctuality

Constant engagement of students and supervision

The classroom, equipment and arrangement of the class

Democratic rules in the class and mode of questions as a tool

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Considering the present factors responsible for the students performance in integrated science, the study would lead to practical suggestions being made and it will enable people concerned know the effect of teachers qualities and methodology on the performance of students in integrated science in Ovia North East Local Government Area. It is only when the problems are known that they could be solved. Therefore, the outcome of the study would lead to a probable search for solution to such problems. This would tend to solve a reasonable percentage of the problems thereby improving the state of science in this nation of ours.

 

 

HYPOTHESIS

The following are the hypothesis based on the purpose of the study.

The method adopted in teaching the subject (Integrated Science) is mainly teachers centered, rather than teacher-students interaction.

The nonchalant attitude of the teachers towards integrated science, with regards to level of encouragement given to students result in low performance of students in the subject.

The unfriendly nature of the integrated science teacher towards his students make them have a low interest in the subject, hence in this direction performance is greatly affected.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Performance: Bring to completion, fulfill, accomplish of achievement

Students: An undergraduate or post-graduate person who is studying at a college, polytechnic or university. Boy or girls attending a school or who devoted to the acquisition of knowledge.

Ovia: This is the Local Government of Edo State of Nigeria, which has boundary with Oredo in the North and with Ondo in the West.

Qualities of Integrated Science Teachers: These are categories of teachers who read integrated science and education in any approved higher institution.

Science: Systematic study and knowledge of natural or physical and chemical phenomenon

 

 

 

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SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA CLASSROOMS

( A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF  EDO STATE.

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to find out skills development in information  and communication technology of some selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State:

The method used in the collection of data were the questionnaire, Oral interview and personnel Assessment of  visible I.C.T. facilities.  A questionnaire schedule was constructed and distributed to 100 respondents in secondary schools within Oredo Local Government Area.

The population was made up of 75 males staffs and 25 female staffs.

The data collected were analysed and the result shows that most of the schools in Oredo Local Government  Area lack ICY facilities in teaching secondary schools.  It was also observed that lack of human skills and lack of relevant software’s has always jeopardized ICY applications in classroom. Based on these findings, recommendation’s were made on he following area:

(1)             Regular in – service course should be organised to train teachers in secondary school within Oredo to improve on ICY skills and to enrich the industry of education  in the state.

(2)             Government agencies should provide the facilities necessary for teaching in secondary schools, facilities such as computer sets, Television sets, Radio/Video tape machines and internet facilities for all field of study.

Government on their part should try to provide ways of finding solutions to solve problems resulting from lack of ICT facilities by giving fund to assist secondary education so as to meet up with quest for globalization in Nigeria classroom

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.1    Introduction(Background of the study)1.2     Statement of problems

1.3            Assumption of study

1.4            Statement of Hypothesis

1.5            Significance/purpose of study

1.6            Delimitation/scope of study

1.7            Limitation of study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     Skills needed to be developed in ICT

2.2            Uses of these skills in pedagogical situations

2.3            Obstacles/problems to the use of these skills

2.4            Prospect

2.5            Anticipated functions of an ICT professionals.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DESIGN

3.1     Population of sample

3.2            Sampling technique

3.3            Method of data collection

3.4            Research Instrument

3.5            Statistical technique

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0            PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1     Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents according to Sex, Age, Occupational Status, Qualification and teaching experience.

4.2            Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents among stated construction on skills development.

4.3            Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents according to ICT application in classrooms.

4.4            Frequency and percentage distribution of ICY facilities in schools.

4.5            Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendix-teachers questionnaire.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION  AND STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.1     INTRODUCTION.

Our present concern about skills development in information and communication technology in Nigeria classroom stem from the fact that skills development in information and communication technology in Nigeria classrooms have not received the attention it deserved because modern life requires that the quality of education be improved.

 

In the present day secondary schools, lack of skills in ICT has lead to the problem the  students are facing now.  Information and communication Technology, took its stand as an occupational  technology as far back as early sixties (1969s) in the development country particularly U.S.A.

 

Before this particular time, development of skills in these areas were not given attention until the early eighties (1980s) and was recognized as educational technology being an educational pursuit (River State University of Science and Technology, faculty of Science and Technical Education, Department of science and Technical Education S. W. and Dokubo A.; Dr Alice E. Asimi; Dr Iroha Kalu Department of curriculum and Teaching, faculty of Education, University of calabar, calabar and Benedict O. E. Ani main library, University of calabar, calabar.

 

Information and communication Technology (ICT) consist of hardware, software, networks, media for collection, virtual learning environment, internet Gateway, storage, processing, transmission and presentation of information ( voice, data, text and images).

 

As suggested by world Bank (2002)  The internet is a powerful tool for improving the quality of a wide range of public service important for poverty reduction, especially education and health.

Emphasis is laid on students in secondary schools in the Nigeria classroom who lacks the latest technology and designed material skills in ICT to complete in global economy.

Information and communication  Technology (ICT), Stand as a platform for skills acquisition.  This is based on the computer and Nigeria telecommunication  technology.  It provides relevant knowledgeable information in diverse field of study.  Other skills development are concerned with how to operate  (D-ROM and 1. 44 floppy diskettes.

New concepts, New products, and New ideas is produced everyday  with the help of skills development in information and communication Technology this transforming the lives of students in the classroom and also industries as well as business in the whole wide world.

The role of technology in teaching and learning is rapidly becoming one of the most important and widely discussed issued in contemporary education policy (Rosen and Well, 1995; Thierer, 2002),

Most expects in the field of education agreed that  when properly used, Information and communication technology hold great promise to improve teaching and learning in addition to shaping workforce opportunities people (1996)  has indicated that computer illiteracy is now regarded as new illiteracy.  This has actually gingered a new and strong desire to equip schools with computer facilities and qualified personal necessary to produce technological proficient and efficient student in development countries of the world.

There is no doubt that computer can aid the instructional process and facilities students learning in the Nigeria classroom.  Many studies have found positive effect associated with technology aided instruction (Burnelt, 1994, and fitzgerald and warner, 1996).

 

 

1.2            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Skills development in ICT emanates from the urgent need for greater efficiency in teaching/learning process in Nigeria classroom.  This has always been a matter of concern to many people who have stake in education (Dwyer, 1996; Gibson 2001; Sambo; 2002).  Improved efficiency is necessary, if for no other reason than the increasing complexity of the knowledge skills for survival itself.

 

The general increase in the awareness of the importance of education to a successful life has intensified certain problems in the Nigeria education science of today.  However, the world Bank report (2002) reveals that Nigeria has been identified as one of the poorest countries in the world, with a high rate of youths unemployment, as a result of low level of ICT skills development in the modern Orientated society and this is a global problem.  From the skills identified, only handling of text and images, sound and music, storing and retrieving have been a little bit studied.  This simply means that for students to develop skills in ICT there must be great interest on their part in this study.

 

Nigeria ranks among countries with low level of ICT skills adoption.  The area they are lacking include fixed line and mobile telephones per 1000 people -5, personal computers per 100 people – 6.6; Internet users per thousand- 200 as compared to south African with the following figures 304, 61.8 and 2, 400 respectively.  The outcome of such skills that has been studied before will definitely aid in teaching – learning-learning situations especially sorting or retrieving answers of difficult assignment in the website relating to the study.

 

The problem is to make available learning situation with many flexibility for each student in the classroom in other to help them develop different skills, and to make adjustment suited to his/her individual needs.

All races, All faith and all parts of the Nigeria classrooms have not well developed ICT skills.  Little wonder, that this matter has become a focus of concern or all educators.  What has been lacking is a plan for action that should be taking into consideration those certain factors that tend to control and make the learning environment a serious place in the Nigeria classrooms.  Some of these factors are the realities of providing a means of financing school and to make construction, the capabilities and training of present teachers.  These problems of ICT skills development in the Nigeria classroom provided a number of logical questions been argued in the mind:  The questions are as follows below:

(1)             How can a science teacher provided effective instruction for a class of forty (40) who have a wide range of abilities, interests and needs?

(2)             As large variety of ICT is given in our disposal ”should they be taught how to locate, retrieve, analyse, use, and store information?

Most educationalists feels that the solution for students /individual differences in the classroom lies in the individualization of instruction ( moore and moore 1983; Honey et al; 1999).  Again the world Bank report (2002) has shown that there exists a correlation between IT and national prosperity.

Hence, the role of the ICT use and adequate skills development in Nigeria classrooms and on Nigeria economy is an attempt to match Nigeria to the community of producing competent teachers and students, and been a rich nation cannot therefore be overemphasized.

Report from N.T.A News reviews that ICT skills had not well developed in he Nigeria classrooms and that this is a globalization problem caused by teachers who are not competent enough in their field of study so as such they cannot impact knowledgeable skills to information to the students.  Correspondents suggested that programmes should be hold to develop these ICT skills and that the skills to be develop in ICT is the digital parts of the internet to facilitate information (Newsline, 2006) 17th September.  Other impediments to skills accusation in ICT are  (1) Cost (2) Weak Infrastructure (3) Lack of skills (4) Lack of relevant software and limited access to the internet would be explained in further details.

 

Hence, is this study emphasis would be laid on skills development in information and communication technology in Nigeria classroom.  The teacher is seen to have constitute greater problems in teaching and learning as a result of lack of ICT skill training.  And also is this study, emphasis would be placed on secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.  Here we are going to discuss ICT skills that have been studied before, their outcome, if anybody has made skills acquisition in the area, and if such remark has logically subjected to a study?  This and many more will be discussed in this research work.

 

 

1.3            ASSUMPTION OF STUDY

The following assumptions were drawn up to determine the problems of skills development in information and communication technology in Nigeria classrooms.

–                     Lack of skills or communication link between the teachers and the students in the classrooms

–                     Lack of relevant software and limited access to the internet.

–                     Cost

–                     Weak Infrastructure.

 

 

1.4            STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES

For a more, easy and comprehensive research work, the following hypothesis would help the researcher in doing a good and successive work:

(1)             Does lack of skills link between teaches and students causes problems in skills development  in ICT?

(2)             Does lack of communication link between teachers and students causes problems in ICT skills development?

(3)             Does lack of relevant software, and limited access to the internet to Nigeria education system, in short supply?

(4)             Is cost responsible for lack of the infrastructures in he classrooms?

(5)             Does weak infrastructure a formidable obstacle to the use of ICT?

 

 

1.5            PURPOSE/SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

At the completion of this research work, it is of great importance to note that various communities, towns, states, and Nigeria in general will find the result of this research work to be beneficial to great and marvelous extent, as this research work would play an essential rule in the task of educational standard, growth and development in secondary schools.

The results from this research work will also provide an ample opportunity for teachers to be aware of what role they must play in other to help students acquire knowledgeable information about one study.

Again student’s in secondary schools will be aware of the importance of computer and other devices in teaching and learning and how they can benefit from it.

The research work will also provide an ample opportunity for the  researcher and other readers to obtain a first hand and high degree of information as to skills development and communication technology in secondary schools in Edo State.

 

 

1.6            SCOPE OF THE STUDY SCOPE

This researcher work is design to determine skills development in information and communication technologies in classrooms.  It seeks to sought the skills needed to be developed, opinion from correspondents particularly teachers in selected schools, problems of the study and their actions on educational standard.

For a simple and clear research study, this work should be limited to secondary schools within Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria.

However various work of life or resource persons and their response would be treated with strict secrecy, use of skills in pedagogical situation would also be investigated and we would also see if these developed skills would help in global combativeness in Nigerian and the classroom environment.

Secondary schools involved are as follows below:

(A)           Evbuotubu Secondary School South East in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(B)            Asoro Secondary School South East in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(C)            Emotan College South West in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(D)           Adolor College South West in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(E)            Oba Akenzuwa Secondary School South West in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(F)             Integrity National High School KM 4 in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(G)           Idia College South West in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(H)           Anglican Girls Grammar School South in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(I)               Itohan Girls Grammar School South in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

(J)              Greater tomorrow and World of Faith Secondary South East in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.

In private secondary like greater tomorrow and world of faith secondary both tin South East in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State.  When I visited, personal interview with teachers were held and I was also opportune to  see their computer room, and other devices.  ICT technology is more in these school and efficient due to the following reasons: first financial capacity for purchasing pore is greater when compare to government school. After much research in these school about skills development in ICT, I observed that every students has a great assess to each computer.

 

Secondly, there are much skillful and well trained computer wizard teaching/passing the knowledge of ICT skills to the students.  In both schools, students learning capacity is faster because about 60-70 percent of them uses computer and other ICT facilities at home as well as in school making them to be more informed in all areas of education.  The opposite is the government secondary school where the teachers complained of lack of  ICT facilities due to lack of fund, no project implemented by  the government to facilitate ICT technological programmes, Insecurity of these facilities, lack of electricity in school premises.

 

In government secondary school, Evbuotubu to be precise there’s no skilled or good computer wizard that can pass information Example:  (Computer study) to students because the school cannot afford to pay for their salaries thereby depriving the students to know more about ICT skills acquisition.

The private secondary schools have very rich standard in ICT education while the reverse is the case in government secondary school.  Insecurity and purchase of these facilities is another problems too in the school.

 

 

Continue reading SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA CLASSROOMS →

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN ABUDU

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 ABSTRACT

The research work focuses on the effects of water pollution in Abudu, Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo State. The effects of water pollution are numerous. These include production of unfit water, loss of revenue and jobs, epidemic of diseases, destruction of habitat etc. There are many causes of water pollution which include fishing, laying of pipes in water bodies, storing of explosives in water bodies, release of chemicals into water bodies, sewage, water transportation etc. These problems could be prevented or controlled, if government and non governmental agencies join hands together to bring awareness and enact laws which will sanction offenders.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Research questions

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO         

Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology and procedure of study

Population of the study

Sample of the study

Sampling technique

Instrumentation

Validity of the instrument

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation of data and discussion of results

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Water is a vital commodity of life when it is polluted, it becomes useless. So water pollution is defined as the contamination of water with pollutants and other contaminants. The effects of pollution on water are diverse and affect human, plant, animals and the environment at large causing genetic disorder and diseases.

Water can exist in three states of matter which is the solid, liquid and the gaseous state. Water pollution also affects aquatic life both flora and fauna. They are polluted when the water is polluted with natural agents such as pollen grains, dust and volcanic ash. Moreover, human play a role in polluting water, letting out harmful sewage and other contaminants from industries and factories and household garbage.

 

WATER POLLUTION AFFECTS THE FOLLOWING

1.   Plant life

2.   Animal life

3.   Health

4.   Environment

5.   Economy

Man should control this problem which has now become a local and national threat. If the problem of water pollution is not checked, it will cause more harm to the nation and world at large. Since the water body is estimated seventy percent (70%) of the earth surface.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The effects of water pollution are so numerous that explanation can no longer express it especially the one faced by the Abudu people. Water pollution affects all parts of life, due to the fact that many organisms can not do without it, but the way to bring a concise cure to the menace matters a lot it is caused by many factors which may include:

1.   Sewage

2.   Chemical deposition

3.   Transportation

4.   Heat

The above factors and many others produce a very strong effect on the water and those that consume it. Such effects are diseases, economic depreciation and environmental destruction.

Diseases outbreak such as cholera outbreak and typhoid fever are due to water pollution. The destruction of fishes and other marine life could destabilize the economy. Environmental disaster such as the death of living organism like fishes and plants affect lives.

Since water pollution affects man and the environments, ways should be planned to stop the rising problem.

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The major purpose of the study is to find out the causes of water pollution especially the effects of water pollution and the relevant solution which should be applied including suggestions relevant to stop these problems.

It will use Abudu in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo as case study. The basic reason for such research is to find out.

1)   How the people of the locality has suffered from water pollution.

2)   Check if there is any benefit derived from water pollution.

3)   Check what lead to water pollution in the locality.

4)   Consider the solution to water pollution.

5)   How such solution can be maintained.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is embarked upon to leave an impact on the reasoning, manner and habit of Nigerians misuse and dumping of all kinds of pollutants on water bodies which makes water unhygienic for consumption and other very vital use in our daily activities.

It has to go a long way in educating both young and old about the things they should do to make water bodies inhabitable by both plants and animals also ensuring water is usable by man.

It also shows how water pollution could affect a community and a nation at large, if not controlled or stopped.

The study will also highlight the things that cause water pollution, in order for man to be careful of what they dump into water bodies. It also show the kind of harm water pollution will effect on man e.g. sickness and diseases etc.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research question is to expand the problems identified in the statement of problem which has earlier been highlighted with the fact that water pollution affects all areas of human life.

The effects of water pollution are very numerous and the following questions serve as guide to the study.

1.   Is there evidence of water pollution in Abudu?

2.   Does water pollution destroy life?

3.   Does water pollution affect organisms?

4.   Does water pollution have any effect on the environment?

5.   Can water pollution be caused by man?

6.   Can water pollution be stopped or controlled?

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Water pollution in Nigeria today is alarming and the effects can not be overemphasized. Nigerians look at the positive effects it has on them neglecting the negatively, its damages to the society.

The work will be divided into five (5) chapters which will cover the problems and expatiate the problems faced by the Abudu community which is due to water pollution. The scope will include the introductory part, the causes of water pollution, the effect on the environment, health life and nature in the work, solutions to the problems enumerated will be highlighted and also the conclusion.

The methods and sources of the project work shall depend basically on findings which is been available on the Abudu waters, libraries materials and different sectors of acquiring knowledge such as internet works as the study progresses descriptively and consecutively.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS                                          

These are some terms which were used during the study are listed and are defined as follows:

Pollution: it is the release of harmful substance into the environment e.g. water, air, etc.

Genetic: the transfer of character and qualities from the parents to the offspring through gene.

Flora: a plant of a region or period

Fauna: animal life of a region or period

Sewage: waste water conveyed such as water of human urine or excrement

Thermal: large column of hot air rising from the ground

 

 

 

Continue reading EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN ABUDU →