ATTITUDE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHING:

A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE  

 

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ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this study was to assess and describes the attitude of business education student’s teachers towards the teaching profession. The view of 75 students were sampled with questionnaires administrated on student. Data analysis revealed that majority of student sampled who were predominantly female, as well as their male counterpart, had positive attitude towards teaching profession. Among other things, it was recommended that teaching profession must be improved to enable perspective in-service. Teachers in training to choose teaching as a profession.     

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One     

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problems

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Significance of the study

Scope of study

Limitations

Definitions of the study

Chapter Two     

Review of literature

Chapter Three  

Research methodology and procedure

Research instrument

Reliability and validity of instrument

Population of the study

Sample size

Questionnaires administration

Method of data analysis

Statistical techniques

Chapter Four    

Presentation of result

Discussion of the results

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

Bibliography     

Questionnaires

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Teaching is an old profession for centuries the teachers has been a reverend individual, a person seen to posses ability to impart knowledge on others. Business education has been in existence in the traditional Africa society but it was not institutionalized. Knowledge of any occupational area was usually acquired through apprenticeship system until recently when it was institutionalized in Nigeria. However, as the nation moved towards a scientific and technological advancement, it becomes necessary for more people to be involved in the industries and the only way the need manpower can be achieved is through education.

Education is universally recognized as a good thing, hence nation spend large part of their budget to provide education to their citizens. It is a common knowledge that individual differs in their level of academic attainment motivation and educational needs. For these reason, variety of educational provisions are made with a view to meet varies and. In Nigeria context, the national policy of education (FRN, 2004 revised) provides for educational structure which is meant and business courses junior and secondary school curriculum. The national policy on education (2004) noted the need for the acquisition of appropriate skills, ability to the development of the society. Business education is seen as education that prepares youth and adult for employment in a specific occupation of family occupation by providing experience which enable them to develop competencies needed to perform the duties and functions for such employment. Business education student’s teacher learnt the profession (Wenrich and Wenrich, 1979) which help to train youth for employment in industries commerce and other enterprises by exposing them to experiences which provide them manipulative, informational and attitudinal skills. This types of education also trains adults who are already employed and whose skills may have become absolute, and requires either and an update of skills in his occupational or a retaining in other occupations. In this context, the type of business education students teachers programmed made available to youths and must be relevant to other needs and the needs for the occupation. According to Ryaner and Herman (1988) occupational courses need to help graduates to function effectively, both on graduation in the foreseeable future by reflecting on the present and future needs to the occupational  area. It also emphasizes the provision of graduates with the principles and problem solving procedures which will allows them to adjust to the changes occurring in their occupational area.

The goal of business education as derived from the central tenet of democracy and from a common and deep appreciation of the value of dignity of work include the following:

1. To prepare the learner for entry into employment and advance in his chosen career.
2. To meet the manpower needs of the society
3. To increase the options available to each students
4. To serve as a motivating force to enhance all types of learning
5. To achieve these learners to wisely select a career.

To achieve these goals, various business education courses in the system of education, despite the fact that there are shortage of professional trained business education teachers, the few available ones would be business teachers that show a negative attitude towards the profession thereby learning it to suffer from lack of professional teachers in the area. In launching the send national development plan (1990) the federal republic of Nigeria attribute high dropout rate in secondary school to poor quality of teaching. This general public also blamed the falling standard of education on non-devotion to duty on the part of teachers so the government realized the importance of business teachers therefore committed to the improvement and expansion of business educational training programmed and conditions of services for business education teachers in the country. In this effort to change the attitude of a service teacher towards the teaching profession.

Attitude according to Aluaex (1989) means a behaviour which is regulated, filled with emotions varying in intensity and generally accorded to the specific situation over which they apply. He observed that such attitudes is learned to form a component of the characteristics trait of interest, appreciation like, dislike, opinions, values and ideas of an individual. Thus, students attitude towards teaching profession relates to their emotional reaction, interest, attitude, satisfaction, feeling and values in the classroom.

 

 

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

For Nigerian to attain technological progress and excellence, it requires devoted training of business education teachers specially for the challenging competition I 21st century. Business education teachers that are undergoing training must develop and have the characteristics, traits, interests, attitude, to be able to teach effectively in a challenging environment. It is generally observed that students prefer to chose other professions than teaching upon graduation. In view of the foregoing, it appears pertinent therefore to assess the attitude of business education students in Ovia North East Local Government Area towards teaching profession. A persons attitude is reflected in his/her perception and cognition which in turn can be inferred determinant of any action of people, objectives, ideas, or any other concept within a psychological field is the established attitude to teach them the statement of the problem is that there is lack of research evidence regarding business education students teachers attitude towards teaching profession in Ovia North East Local Government Area. The knowledge derived from his study will go to their interest, gender, attitude, age and other characteristics traits.

Teaching profession among business education student, according to their interest gender;

1. What is the general attitude of business education student towards teaching profession
2. Do male and female student differ in their attitude towards teaching profession
3. Do students differ in their attitude towards teaching profession according to what they are?
4. What are the characteristics of indifferences of Ovia North East Local Government Area, who were interviewed in the course of this research work?

 

1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of understanding this study is principally to educate or  find out the following:

1. To find out if business education students teachers are not capable or willing to impact knowledge on others.
2. To prepare youth and adults for such employment
3. To get experience which enable them to develop competencies needed to perform the duties and functions for such employment.
4. To train youths for employment in industries, commerce, and other enterprises.
5. It helps to expose them to experience which provides/help them manipulate, informational and attitudinal skills.

 

1.4    RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What is the general attitude of business education students towards teaching profession?
2. Does knowledge of the subject important for effective teaching?
3. Does teaching profession make ones to grow all round knowledge?
4. Do business education student teacher work in other industry outside teaching?

 

1.5    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will provide information to our educational planner on some factors which can constitute obstacles in the achievement of the aims and objectives of business education. This study will also provide necessary guidelines which will be helpful in eliminating some of the factors which frustrate business education students towards teaching profession. The problems of getting as a career as one who is becoming acceptable as higher school graduate while some see teaching as a waiting room for better job.

 

 

1.7  DEFINITION OF TERMS

Attitude: An enduring feeling towards an individual objects a solid institution or group. (Educational psychology by Bair Jonbes and Samles pg 472). This is also regarded to as how a student feels about the subject and how it affects his or her study of it.

Attitude: is for natural or acquired talent.

Interest: This is the condition of wanting to know or learn about something.

Area of Specialization: Is to become a specialist for a particular subject.

 

 

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AN EXAMINATION OF DEBT DEFAULT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA (UBA) BENIN CITY)

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ABSTRACT

Bank is an organization that provides various financial services as well as keeping or lending of money to customers. Banks also perform their credit function by extending loans and credit to meet the needs of the customers, as well as earn profits and returns that would increase the wealth of shareholders. This has led to accumulation of bad debts in the banking industry since some of these debts are not only nu-collectable, by the banks, but nu-payable by the customers, most of which have had great resultant examination on banks over along period of time.

A number of factors are responsible for these and will be discussed in details in this project. Debt defaults constitute a loss to the bank, individuals and the society at large. Therefore, concerted efforts must be made to ameliorate this problem to enable the bank to perform their roles in the economy. In determining the examination of bad debt or debt default as the project suggest, United Bank for Africa (UBA) will be used as case study to determine to what extent debts defaults affects bank. At the end of the research work, skills of curbing defaults would be suggested to help the banks and the government to work together to promote investors and shareholders confidence.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one- Introduction

1.1       Overview

1.2       Statement of the problem

1.3       Objectives of the study

1.4       Limitations

1.5       Research questions

Chapter Two – Literature Review

2.1       Historical Background of Commercial Bank

2.2       Origin of lending

2.3       Development of commercial banks in Nigeria

2.4       Role of banks in Nigeria

2.5       Lending principles and canons of lending

2.6       Concept of credit

2.7       Credit analysis

2.8       Credit evaluation

2.9              Types of bank credit facilities

2.10          Risks in lending

2.11          Default in repayment

2.12          Causes of debt default

2.13          Cost of debt default to commercial banks

Chapter three

Research methodology

Instrument for data collection

Method employed

Chapter four

Data presentation, Analysis and interpretation

Profile of UBA Plc

Analysis of data

Analysis of questionnaire respondents

Chapter five – summary, recommendations and conclusion

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

Bibliography

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In Nigeria, as in most other developing countries, the financial system consists of number of institution which include the central bank, commercial bank, federal saving, merchant and mortgage banks as well as the community banks, the stock exchange securities commission. These commercial banks carry out their day to day activities they mobilizes funds (savings), these savings are a pool of funds on which the banks on the one hand pay interest to the owners of such funds and then lend these savings or funds to investors in the form of loan, credit, overdraft and advance for the development purposes, these pay back with interest of every lending.

The loans and advances constitutes the most important components of a banks asset port-folio and this is why it is in the interest of every lending institution to make sure that it does not acquire any bad or doubtful debts, even though allowances are usually made for it. The cash flow problem which are currently experienced by many businesses under the economic recession have severally reduced by the ability to service bank debts. (according to Nigeria economist 1988:24). Most clients fails to pay in interest and as a result the interest plus the principals accrues, thus making the possibility of repayment remote.

There is no banking institution in the country, including the United Band for Africa (UBA) as a case study that is no threatened by the effect of debt defaults on their banking activity (Endeavor 1990.28). In the recent times, debt default has been one of the main set backs experienced by commercial banks in Nigeria and for these reason the provision for bad debts have been so enormous that they attract attention from both general public and the government. Thus, debt default causes great concern to Nigeria banks.

In the cause of their lending policies banks give loan and advances to customers who for one reason or the other re viable to pay back in such away, the bank are costly unwilling to go into litigations which are costly and time wastage so they write off such monies as bad and doubtful debts. Bad debt are simply loans, which have proven difficult or impossible to recover.

The most surprising things is the length of time it takes before the banks cry out for action, this is an indication of how tolerant the system is to fraudulent borrowing. If its existence were not at stake, it can be argued that this sudden attention is the examination of bad debt default on commercial bank in Nigerian might never have arisen. Thus, this research is therefore centered on United Bank for Africa in relation to the examination of debt default on its banking activities.

GIVE A BACKGROUND IN NIGERIA

Default means failure to do something that must be done by law especially paying a debt. Nigeria has said it can no longer afford to service its $33bn foreign debt because of plunging oil revenues and the failure of some of its privatization plans. Consequently, the country has suspended payment on some of its debt as it tries to reschedule payment, said central bank governor Joseph Sanusi. Nigeria is one of the word’s largest oil producing nations held foreign exchange reserves of only slightly more than $8bn, down about a fifth since December. Mr. Sanusi said he had decided to halt all debt repayment rather than to eat further into the reserves. But information minister Jerry Gana was quick to try and downplay fears of along lasting default.

CAUSES OF DEBT DEFAULT IN NIGERIA

Limited Funds

Most of Nigeria’s debt is owed to foreign government, members of the Paris club of official creditors. Earlier this year Nigeria parted company with the international monetary fund about how best to achieve a turn around in its economic fortunes. Nigeria’s finance minister Adamu Ciroma told the BBC that the country was unable to pay because parliament had only approved a limited amount to funding for the current financial year. Nigeria has been asking official creditors for substantial debt relief but apart from a modest amount of debt rescheduling, has not had much success, says the BBC’s Dan Isaacs in the commercial capital Lagos.

Over spending

This is because is has failed to demonstrate the required track record of sound economic management, our correspondents says. Nigeria is spending faster than it is earning and therefore falling deeper into deficit.

Impeachment crisis

The debt suspension was announced just as president Olusegun Obasanjo was faced with possible impeachment by both houses of Nigeria parliament. Mr. Obasanjo stands accused of failing to curb the country’s spending of ignoring budget, of allowing corruption to remain and of ignoring spending laws.

BACKGROUND OF UBA

The United Bank for Africa (UBA) was established in 1961, it is the largest financial services group in Nigeria and West Africa, with a balance sheet size in excess of N1, 64 trillion, the first Nigerian bank ever to achieve this feat in the history of the Nigeria and West African Banking Industry. UBA has grown from more than just a bank to a one-stop-shop financial services institution, providing solutions to more than 6 million core and walk-in customers through its expansive retail network of over 630 business offices.

Having presence in all the commercial centers and major cities in Nigeria, UBA is often referred to as the neighborhood bank, which aligns with the banks strategic intent and brand strap “Africa’s Global Bank”. UBA’s aim is to deliver what the customer wants and expects; closeness and proximity, choice, convenience and customization. Today’s United Bank for Africa PLC (UBA) is the product of the Merger of Nigeria third (3rd) and fifth (5) largest banks, namely the old UBA and the erstwhile standard Trust Bank Plc (STB) respectively and a subsequent acquisition of the erstwhile continental Trust Bank Limited (CTB). Founding of the old UBA in 1961, and the erstwhile STB and CTB both in 1990.

although today UBA emerged at a time of industry consolidation induced by regulation, the consolidated UBA was borne out of a desire to lead the domestic sector to a new era of global relevance by championing the creation of the Nigerian consumer finance market, leading a private/public sector partnership at supporting the acceleration of Nigeria’s economic development, and growing the institution from a banking to a one stop financial services institution, while spreading its foot prints across Africa to ear the reputation as the face of banking in the continent.

Today, the consolidated UBA is the largest financial services institution in West Africa with a balance sheep size in excess of one trillion Naira (under USD8b) and more than six million (6m) customer accounts, operating out of the two most vibrant economic in the sub-region-Nigerian and Ghana it has over six hundred and thirty (630) retail distribution centers across Nigeria, its main operational base, and eight branches in Ghana outside Africa, it also has presence in New York and Cayman Island.

United Bank for Africa Plc, (UBA) is the product of a merger of two of Nigeria’s top five banks, UBA and Standard Trust Plc (STB). Today, consolidated UBA is largest financial services institution in sub-saharan Africa (excluding south Africa) with a balance sheet size in excess of 400 billion Naira (approx US dollar 3bn) and over two million active customer accounts. With over 400 retail distribution outlets across Nigeria, UBA has also a presence in New York, grand Cayman Island and Ghana.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM           

The basic objectives of most banks includes the survival  and growing, fulfillment of social responsibility and making of satisfactory profits. But contrary to expectation, most of the commercial banks in Nigeria over the recent past, have been making unusual high provisions for bad and doubtful debts, which eats into the profits. Making one to question the whole essence of the lending process. With the banks, clients believe that bank exists to divide the national cake, coupled with a host of problems, banks have suddenly found themselves with a catalogue of defaults in their hands. This inability of bank to recover loans granted to their client, constitute a major factors in the banking activities.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY    

Looking into consideration that problem stated above, the objectives of this particular study involves.

a.                   The determination of low debt default has impeded the lending ability of commercial banks and also affect their profit.

b.                  Determining the inherent risks associated with the lending activities of commercial banks.

c.                   To know how to require knowledge about bank lending policies on borrowing, collateral and payments.

Although this discussion is wide, the environment of this research is on commercial banks. It shall talk on their financial statement. Because of time constraint and other factors which could pose as a problem to the research of this project, only sectoral performance of commercial banks for a period of 5 or 6 years would be taken into consideration while an analysis of the financial would be used.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY                                                                                                     

The extent of this research work will be limited to only one bank, United Bank for Africa (UBA) it will cover loans, doubtful provision, shareholders interest and this covers a general review of the whole system of commercial banks lending activities.

RESEARCH QUESTION 

In cause of stating the examination of debt defaults on commercial banks in Nigeria, certain research questions need to be asked.

1.                  Does the commercial bank actually proper loan or credit granting procedure?

2.                  Does the management or board members guarantee loan or credit to certain individuals of questionable character?

3.                  How much information on the use of the loan or credit does the recipient of the loan actually have?

4.                  What is the extent of government policy in the banking activity?

5.                  How flexible is the interest rate on loan or credit granted to customers?

6.                  How much effect does debt default actually have on a banks profit?

7.                  How much effect does default actually have on stakeholders and shareholders dividends?

If proper attempts are made to answer these questions, a careful result and recommendation will help banks to find solutions to the problem of debt defaults.

Definition of terms

Commercial Bank: his is a financial institution, which deals in the acceptance of money deposits and making them available to investors and borrowers alike as loans and overdrafts. It is other functions, which include discounting bills of exchange, foreign exchange and providing safe custody for valuables. They lend money to private sector business traditionally, for non-fixed capital purpose usually accounts for greater pat of their profit.

Loans: This is the act of lending something such as bank lends and somebody borrows. It is also all types of advances granted by banks to customers with interest repayment programme and on which interest is charged

Maturity dates for such loans can vary from bank to bank and from loan to loan, as the case my be.

Loan can be classified into the;

i.                    Secured loan

ii.                  Un-secured loan

Secured loans: These are loans that are secured by a collateral usually assets like houses, landed property etc.

Un-secured loans: These are loans that are not secured by a collateral, but is made on the signature of the borrower, however, if the borrower is not well known, a guarantor maybe sought.

Collateral: This is defined in dictionary of banking and fiance as a specific property, which a borrower pledges as security for the payment of a loan, agreeing that the lender shall have the right to sell or dispose the collateral for the purpose of liquidating the debt if the borrower fails to repay the loan at maturity” (David 1980 pp 49.)

Maturity: This refers to the time a loan is granted to the time of repayment falls due. Maturity of loans could be classified onto three.

Short term maturity: usually a period of up to one year.

Medium term maturity: refers to maturity period ranging between one to five years.

Long term maturity: refers to maturity period ranging over five years.

Default: it means failure to do something that must be done by law especially paying a debt.

Bad debt: this is the among in open accounts that have proved unrecoverable, it includes instances where the borrower has refused to pay.

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THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUPILS LATENESS TO SCHOOL IN AGABI PRIMARY SCHOOL

 

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ABSTRACT

This study was designed to find out those factors that are responsible for pupils lateness to school in Agabi primary school in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Delta State. The incessant occurrence of chart and some time criminal behaviour not only by the audit population, but also the students of this country in recent times has since began to give cause of concern, particularly to parents, government and school administrators. Questionnaires from a sample of four (4) primary school, students consisting of (hundred) primary school students selected at random from Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Delta State were analysed. It was found or observed that the parents or audience, societal customs and ways of life, can one way or the other causes students lateness to school. It was recommended that parents and audience should try as much as possible to send their children to school on time and the pupils should try and live home early to school.

 

 

 

TABLES OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE   

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Objective of the study

Significance of study

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO   

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Study area or study location

Population and subject sampled

Research instrument

Data collection procedure

Description of statistical techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of data collection

CHAPTER FIVE   

Conclusion and recommendations

Recommendation

BIBLIOGRAPHY  

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Lateness to school started long ago, every where in a way that cannot be controlled in recent time. The problem of lateness has eaten deep into Nigeria children the problem of pupils lateness to school has now turn to national problem. Lateness merely means arriving after expected time.

 

Children commonly miss their school or coming lately because of their usual habits, such as waking up late due to laziness: rushing of undone assignment, unprepared bath, breakfast or meals, clothes, their pack lunch etc. and waiting for companions or friends coming to school the bus is late; and sometimes because of some problems in their parent that affects them and interest in coming to school seeing their with misunderstandings. A financial support is another too. Kids like having many delightful possessions. They would be and seeing their class mates with something they don’t have or sometimes they are ashamed of coming to school.

 

Oxford advanced learners dictionary defined lateness as arriving after the expected arrange or usual time. It is after the right, fixed, usual or expected time; therefore lateness is the opposite of early. The question now is what are the factors responsible for pupil’s lateness to school.

Authorities have wonder why scholars come late to school. But they have not been able to make deep research into this problem in a bid of providing solutions and recommendation, which would help to cure the problem.

This study will focus attention on the factors responsible for the pupil’s lateness and an attempt to finding solution to this problem.

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Lateness among school pupils is increasing and spreading. Everywhere is a way that cannot be controlled in our societies. A close look at the factors that are responsible for it, it’s the purpose of the study.

The importance of this can never be over liked in the process of learning experience had shown that children who are habitual late comer never do well in their academics, this is true because before their arrival it is very likely for them missing some steps in the teaching/learning process. This will affect their learning adversely.

Inspite of the efforts made by the teachers and the school authorities to solve this problem. The children where still found indulging in late coming in an attempt to know the factors responsible the teachers attributed it to the parents while the parents hold the teacher to ransom. To some others, the children themselves and the peers group influence are responsible.

With the result of this study, it is believed that solutions to this problem will be provided as the factors responsible for the lateness are identified and recommendations are made. The children will be better guided and ways of overcoming their problems and like up to expectation as good children are know.

In addition, this study will also help the nation as the children will now develop the spirit of punctuality at school and becomes good citizen in their future life.

 

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that are responsible for pupil’s lateness to school and re-address the problem by providing possible suggestion, re7commendation and solution, which relate to pupils lateness to school.

 

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

1.    Does the distance between the pupils’ home and the school contribute to lateness to school?

2.    Does lateness in waking up from sleep in the morning lead to lateness to school?

3.    Does delay in preparation of food on time by parents contribute to lateness to school?

4.    Does demand for needed school materials in the morning time lead to lateness to school?

5.    Does lateness to school by teachers influence pupils lateness to school?

6.    Does waiting for friends to get prepared lead to lateness to school?

7.    Does hawking in the morning time before preparing to school lead to lateness to school?

8.    Does playing on the way to school lead to lateness to school?

9.    Does lack of performing well in school lead to lateness to school?

 

 

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

On successful completion of this study pupils and parents will be exposing to the various factors that are responsible for pupils lateness to school and to the rightful measure necessary to eradicate this bad habit.

This study will help to motivate parents to make the children come early to school and this will in turn improve the academic performance of the individual.

Also it will enable the pupils to be discipline both at school and in future life.

 

 

1.6 SCOPE

This study is done within four (4) selected primary school in OrhionmwonLocal Government Area of Delta State. The names of the selected schools is Agabi Primary school.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

FACTORS: – This refers to the conditions that affect the behaviour and development of the physical conditions that exist in the pupils learning environment.

LATENESS: – This refers to pupils getting to class daily, below the normal time schedule for the class.

PEER INFLUENCE: – This refers to the bad company of children a child associate with, which affect the way the child, behaves and thinks.

PARENTAL IGNORANCE: – This refers to the negative attitude of some parents who negative attitude of some parents who back the knowledge and importance of providing their children with education. This is because they are not aware of fast changing world of science and technology in which they live.

 

 

 

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A STUDY OF EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

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ABSTRACT

One of the worst problems eating deep into the society today in examination misconduct among students especially in the secondary and tertiary institutions. The problem has assume such an alarming dimension that it has become a source of serious concern to parents, teachers, religious leaders as well as right thinking leaders of the society who are interested in ensuring that good moral, norms, and education has the capability in indicating in students are not eroded. Education I mean formal education, represent the only way of making children responsible so that they can effectively pilot the affairs of the society when the mantle of leadership is handed over to them.

 

Therefore, when examination misconduct, in whatever form is allowed to take root in our society, then the stage will be set to produce children who are inadequately prepared to face the complex role of leadership. It is with a view as the how the society will purge off the evil of examination misconduct that I embarked on this long essay which is aimed at investigating the problem and ways of eradicating examination misconduct among students using the college of education, Ekiadolor in Edo State as a case study for a thorough analysis, the work will be divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory aspect, which include the background to the study, statement of the problem, purpose of study, research questions, scope and limitations of the study, significance of the study and definition of terms.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Background of the study

Statement of the study

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Scope and limitation of the study

Significance of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Literature Review

Causes of examination misconduct

Effects of examination misconduct

Ways of eradicating examination misconduct

Chapter Three

Design of study

Chapter Four

Analysis of data and presentation of data

Chapter Five

Conclusion, suggestions, Recommendations and areas of further research

References

Questionnaires

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Examination according to Chambers concise dictionary simply means to test to inquire into, to question, to look closely at or into, to inspect, a test of capacity and knowledge. Maduabum and Maduabum (1998) stated that examination is an indispensable instrument in the education enterprises. It serves as a tool for providing accountability of educational outcome and a basis for successive improvement of educational programmes.

For career guidance and selection into course and for maintenance of publicity recognized standards.  For any examination to be credible, it must possess key elements, which are validity and reliability. These key elements can only present if the examination is free and fair, devoid of partiality and all sorts of cheating.

 

Examination misconduct could be seen as any unacceptable conduct during an examination. The administration of examination in this country today is faced with all sorts of examination misconduct that has assumed large different and frightening dimensions, students no longer and their books, attend class/lecture note to talk of paying attention to their teachers. Rather they go about looking for unhealthy ways of passing their examination.

 

Government educators and institutions are seriously worried by the spread of this disease called examination misconduct. The trend is so bad that every day a new form or teachings is evolved. Many students caught in this act had been expelled from different institutions. Over the years in the college of education, Ekiadolor, there has been no examination without examination misconduct been recorded.

In the past, students caught cheating were expelled from the institution with immediate effect, but the school authority later realised that the disciplinary measure was too strict, hence they introduced another measures in dealing with such students either by rewriting that particular course or missing one academic year.

 

In College of Education Ekiadolor, examination misconduct is classified into the following major and minor offenses. Major offenses according to the new examination misconduct guideline 2008 are an examine bringing into the hall any unauthorized materials relevant to the particular examination, such as textbooks prepared answers, lecture notes, handouts and other similar materials, impersonating another examine during an examination, making a non-bonafide student to impersonate him/her during an examination students aiding another students to cheat or receive any internal/external aids, sneaking into the hall with college answer booklet, running away with answer booklet, according to evidence from the hall or cheating/swallowing it and so many other while minor offenses are spying from one another, bring G. S. M. into examination hall, refuses to stop when rounding behaviour etc. all established major offenses shall attract suspension for one

Academic section. While in the minor offense will be suspended for a semester. Examination misconduct has put the nation at risk in attaining high academic standard in the education section. It constitutes serious ruin the very standard which students hard work can be assured students no longer find it a rewarding exercise to read to pass, they depend solely on cheating, using various means in order to pass and have good grade.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Examination misconduct has put the nation at risk in attaining high academic standard in our schools and education institution. A nation with increasing examination misconduct will not doubt loose its credibility as no certificate at any level from such nation will be recognized. Therefore the need to find out the causes and way of curbing the cankerworm. This study will provide answer to the following research questions.

1.            Why are students running away from examination?

2.            Are students working hard enough for examination?

3.            Is the sitting arrangement of students spacious enough

4.            Why is the that some teachers and invigilators aid students in examination misconduct

5.            In what ways has the government contribute in aiding examination misconduct?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to examine the causes, effect of examination misconduct and how to eradicate it.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the basic assumption the following hypotheses were postulated.

1.            To what extent has low value of morality in the society contribute to examination misconduct.

2.            Do students view examination misconduct as a crime?

3.            Does lack of confidence in students cause of examination of misconduct?

4.            Are male or female more prone to examination misconduct?

5.            Does poor reading habit of students the major causes of examination misconduct?

6.            Does the current trend in cultism among students in institution responsible for examination misconduct?

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY       

It is the sheer hope of the researcher that the outcome of this study would be of immense value not only to the students but also to teachers who will become aware of the penal sanctions that awaits them if found or caught engaged in examination misconduct. It will also draw the attention of the government to provide suitable qualified lecturers to reduce the problem of examination misconduct.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Misconduct: Improper behaviour, bad management, behaves badly managed.

Impersonate: Pretend to be another person to pretend to stay in another person’s position.

Cheating: To act in a dishonest way to win advantage or profit.

Evaluation: Systematic process of determining the extend to which instructional objective are achieved by pupils.

 

 

 

Continue reading A STUDY OF EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION →

FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CAREER AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

 

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ABSTRACT

This study is aimed at identifying the factors affecting career choice among senior secondary schools students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The instrument used for collection of data or information in this research is mainly the questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to four selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

To test the validity of the stated research questions from their respondents it was discovered that many of the option career choice education should be introduced in senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. Some findings were also made in this research, which will be of great benefit to the students in the need to establish guidance and counseling facilities centers in senior secondary schools.

In conclusion, the presence of guidance and counseling facilities centers in secondary schools will help to solve career choice problems facing the students.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE   

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO   

LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

ADMINISTRATION OF INSTRUMENT

METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR 

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

CHAPTER FIVE   

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION/FINDINGS

RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES     

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Career plays a very fundamental and significant role in the life of the individual not only because they determine the pattern of income but also because they affect the individual personality and concepts in life. Career therefore is a choose pursuit, life work or success in one’s profession, it is the sequence of major position occupied by a person throughout his lifetime.  In a nutshell, career is the totality of work one does in his life time and are person concerned. It is therefore a positive thing for one to think as far as possible as it is enduring. Career choice is something very hard to enter especially as ones life will depend on it.

Her (1973) thus indicate that career is the totality of experience through which one learn about and prepare to engage in work as part of his way of living. PietropesaandSplete(1975) Stress career is an enjoying process that occurs over the life span and includes homes, schools and community. Every human being needs to do one job or the other to help contribute his quote to the development of the country.

However, career convention according to him is an instrument of career information. This occurs for a number of reasons, which includes:

1.            To stimulate career thinking and widen occupational horizon.

2.            To focus attention on particular jobs in order to help an individual crystallizes his preference.

3.            To create a situation in which parents can on one hand meet employers and discuss the opportunities they offer and on the other hand meat the career teachers oar career officers with whom they can exchange views.

Factor that may influence choice of career includes.

–              Socio-economic factors

–              Personal or family factors

–              Cultural factors, which include schools, peer group, age group.

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In the course of choice of courses to read in the senior secondary schools and universities, a lot of influencing actions or decisions. These general determinates of their choices at this crucial. Parents influences, peer group, intellectual ability, financial background, goal of life, etc come into play with varying degrees of weight on them.

 

There are many problems which directly or indirectly influence the senior secondary school. Where they have been studying all the school subjects together with out any differentiation between care subject and optional subjects or between science and arts subjects, they are faced with choosing areas of specialization whether science or Arts. This is the beginning of their career choice problems. It becomes obvious that arts students can never again think of pursuing science, engineering courses or medicine in the universities, neither will science students think of pursuing courses in arts leading to bachelor of arts degree ni the universities. Thing start to all apart from there.

 

 

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The main purpose of this study is the attempt to find out the factors affecting the choice of career among students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. It will also examine to what extent the factors affecting the choice of career will aid the students positively or at times negatively.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

–              What are the possible causes of factors affecting the choice of career among secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State?

–              To what extent has private sector actually affect the choice of career among secondary school students.

–              What is actually the contribution of both private and public secondary school on the choice of career of secondary school students?

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The importance of this researcher work is to find to what extent the influences of the parent will affect the student choice of career and the attendance performance of students on the subject that would heard them successfully toward this occupation or job as a life span endeavour.

1.            It will enable the research give recommendations to the parents about their children’s response to the advice five to them.

2.            It will enable the researcher make concrete recommendations to the government about the choice of career among students especially now that the rate of unemployment is high.

3.            It will enable the researcher to make recommendation to school administrators.

4.            The findings will also enable the researcher made recommendations for further research on the issue of career prospects.

 

 

SCOPE OF STUDY

This research study is limited to the students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. This research work cover four randomly selected secondary school in Oredo local government area of Edo State. Four of which are public and one is private.

1.            Army day secondary school, Ikpoba Hill barracks

2.            Immaculate Conception College

3.            Idogbo Grammar School Idogbo

4.            Queen Ede Secondary School, Ikpoba Hill

5.            Henson demonstration Group of School, Iwogban Quarters.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

CAREER – A chosen pursuit or course of business activity or enterprise, especially one’s professional life or employment that offers advancement and honour.

AFFECT – To produce a change in somebody or something.

INFLUENCE– The power that somebody or something has a mark somebody or something behind a particular way of the influence a parents on choice of career of their children.

PROSPECT: The chances of being successful good job/employment/career prospect.

SCHOOL: The school is a place where children need to be educated. The process of learning in a school; the time during your life when you go to school.

EXAMINATION – A formal written spoken or practical test, especially at school or colleges to see how much you know about a subject or what you can do to take an exam (forma) to sit for an exam to pass so fat an exam.

 

 

Continue reading FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CAREER AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS →