A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PUNISHMENT AND REWARD ON LEARNING

 

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ABSTRACT

This study was designed to examine the effect of reward and punishment on academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Benin City. This study was motivated to find out whether the parents and teachers support the use of reward and punishment in secondary school system. The investigation was therefore guided by the following:

1.    Whether reward and punishment would have effect on educational system in Benin City.

2.    Whether reward and punishment are instrument of discipline to followed the questionnaire were administered based on the three criteria above. The result were analyzed, the following emerged as a research findings.

i.             Reward and punishment plays a big and important role in teaching and learning process and should be practiced in schools.

ii.            Parents and teachers support the use of reward and punishment in schools system.

iii.           Reward and punishment is weapon of descriptive and that they have important role to perform in school administration and academic performance of the learner or students.

Following these findings a recommendations was made that teacher should use punishment and reward wisely in learning situation in schools and lets punishment be appropriate and suitable.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of study

The significance of the study

Research question

Scope of study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms CHAPTER TWO

Review of related Literature

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Research design

Population

Sample/sampling techniques

Research instrument

Collection of data

Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis, interpretation and discussion of findings

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary

Conclusion

Findings

Recommendation

Suggestion for further studies

REFERENCES     

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Punishment and reward are regarded as essential means through which a teacher can maintain class discipline in primary schools. Many educationist and psychologist have expressed different views over the effective use of punishment and rewards in primary schools. During the course of this study, the writer will bring together the contrasting views and feelings of others so that the reader can be given sufficient ground work o which to base his conclusion after reading the research work.

Punishment and reward are most debated issues in the school administration today, especially when they are related to learning process. It is equally an area of interest, which closely involves many parents and teachers who feels the need for education authority to define its limitations so as not to over step their limits. A point and acceptable solution must be sought on this intriguing issue of punishment and reward because the outcome will give a practical advice and guidance to those who are just beginning the teaching profession or to parent who show such concern over their children success in life.

This work does not claim to solve all the problems concerned with punishment and reward in learning process in the school system rather to height some possible remedies, which will be of abundant educational values to both teachers and parents and the public in general.

 

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This work is on the study of the effects of reward and punishment on academic performance of pupils in some selected primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Many educationist and psychologist have written many books covering this topic. Farrant (2004) emphasized that if reward and punishment is used wrongly, it can cause the pupils to misbehave thereby creating a class of “undisciplined” children. Misbehavior such as lateness, stealing, destruction of school or home property, disobedience, throwing of stones etc all acts that constitute rebellion and this can have negative effects on learning. The writers attempts the study therefore is to examine the views of some of these writers in addition to their research findings and personal experience so as to be able to know the following main problems.

–                     To determine if it is true that pupils in primary schools can learn effectively with the use of rewards.

–                     Whether it is possible to combine the use of reward and punishment so that much can be achieved in terms of educational objectives

–                     Whether punishment has effect on the learning process of the pupils in primary schools.

–                     To find out whether effective learning can always take place in absence of any form of punishment

–                     Whether there are other methods of learning reward and punishment will not be employed.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The writers aim and objectives of carryout this research work is simple given adequate information in primary schools, and the roles of reward and punishment in primary school learning in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will help to lay more emphasis on the effective use of reward and punishment by policy makers. Those who plan the curriculum in the primary schools will be well equipped with the effects of reward and punishment in our primary schools. it will also be of great benefit to the teachers, parents and to the Edo State ministry of education because it will provide them useful information about the roles of reward and punishment as a means of enhancing learning in our society at large.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study was guided by the following questions.

i.             Does reward encourage or motivate learning?

ii.            Does punishment have negative effect on learning?

iii.           What effect would reward and punishment have on educational system in Nigeria?

iv.          Do parents and teacher support the use of reward and punishment in the school system?

v.            Is punishment a way of correcting pupils?

 

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research is mainly concerned with reward and punishment in some selected primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. It involves about four teachers from both junior and senior primary schools and pupils.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Reward: Is a satisfaction of needs for a whole series of responses/an act of appreciation a job well done.

Punishment: The withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus as a consequence of behavior. An act of correcting a wrong “act” or character exhibited.

 

 

 

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INFLUENCE OF WESTERN FASHION ON NIGERIAN STUDENT

 

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ABSTRACT

This study investigates the influence of western fashion on the Nigeria student. It specifically tackles its impact on Nigeria University students. The research posits that the current trends in  behavior of students in Nigeria is significantly associated with their perception and exposure to western fashion. The assumption that western fashion has direct powerful effects is shared by optimistic modernization theory. Lerner (1962) Rogers (1964) Schramm (1964) and the later critical perspective of fashion imperialism. McPhail (1981), (1984) Gerbuer (1977). The research applies the theory of acculturation along with the fashion hypothesis. “Defluer and Dennis 1991, Garbner 1977, Morgan 1991” explains that acculturation of Nigeria students take place as a result of exposure to western fashion which influence the perception of  reality and alters self-image.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of study

1.2    Statement of research problem

1.3    Objective of study

1.4    Significance of study

1.5    Research question

1.6    Research hypothesis

1.7    Scope and delimitation of study

1.8    Limitation of study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1    Overview of fashion

2.2    Western fashion among student

2.3    Example of western fashion

2.4    Effect of western fashion on values

2.5    Effect of western fashion on students

2.6    Self monitoring

2.7    Use of western fashion to manage impression

2.8    Appearance labor

2.9    Individual differences

2.10  Negative aspect of western fashion

2.11  Possible reasons western fashion is abused by students

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1    Research design

3.2    Area of study

3.3    Population of study

3.4    Research sample and sampling techniques

3.5    Instrument used for data collection

3.6    Method of data collection

3.7    Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1    Date Analysis and Presentation

4.2    Hypotheses Testing

4.3    Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Summary

5.2    Recommendation

5.3    Conclusion

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This study is on The Influence Of Western Fashion on on Students. The term fashion has been defined differently by different people. The different definitions attached to fashion are based on the differences in the orientation of the people.

 

According to Wikipedia (2013), Fashion is a general term for a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, body piercing or furniture. Fashion refers to a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style with which a person dresses, as well as to prevailing styles in behavior. Fashion also refers to the newest creations of textile designers. The more technical term, costume, has become so linked to the term “fashion” that the use of the former has been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while “fashion” means clothing more generally and the study of it. Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous.

 

Obiora (2002), says the transformation of fashion is gradual and not sudden. He (2002), contends that fashion is a continuous process of change. It changes exactly the same way as the human being change. It is dynamic, learned, acquired, transmitted or diffused through contact or means of communication flow from generation to another. The Nigerian traditional fashion is observed to be fading out as a result of the acceptance and adaptation of Western fashion. One of such theories which relates to this subtle method of assault international communication is given by Lerner (1956). In his concept of “empathy”, Lerner states that the inhabitants of third world nations must learn to empathize with the West for modern transformation of their societies to be possible.

 

Schramm (1964), on the other hand, developed an interesting model in which he equates the level of social development of communication to various nations. Access to these western fashion is linked to individual modernity. Nigeria and other third world countries have reacted to these finding by inventing a substantial amount of their foreign exchange earnings to fashion.

 

 

1.2        STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The influence of western fashion on Nigerian students have been said to be a serious problem facing Nigerians. Some of these problems are:

1.   Inadequate policy to guard students towards proper dressing.

2.   There is an erosion of the cultural values.

3.   The imitation of Western fashion.

4.   The Nigerian students are faced with brain wash.

Therefore, if the above problems are not been taking care off, it will lead to a total destruction of the Nigerians fashion.

 

 

1.3        OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The researcher’s objective is to conduct an in-depth research on the influence of Western fashion on students with an insight to determine its implication to the cultural values of Nigerian. These objectives include:

1.   To show how the contents of Western fashion affects Nigerian  students.

2.   To examines its pervasive impact on the values of Nigerian student.

3.   To know how whether western fashion should be embraced or isolated from    Nigeria students.

 

 

1.4        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.           The research will help in possible dilution, domination and finally absorption of the African/Nigerian fashion which until the present has been characterized with good neighborliness, respect for elders, virtuousness, community orientation and collectivism.

2.           It will enable the government and policy makers to put adequate measures in place to check the movement of Western fashion into Nigeria.

3.           It will help remove the idea of imitating Western fashion or ways from Nigeria.

4.           The conduct of this research will enable the government to know what role western fashion plays in psychological development of Nigeria students.

 

 

1.5        RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The research questions are arranged questions meant to be asked by the researcher and receives a feedback (answer) from a respondent. For a researcher to achieve her aim, the following question should be used.

1.           Do Nigerian students expose themselves more to western fashion?

2.           Do students prefer Western fashion to traditional fashion?

3.           Do Nigerian students identify more with traditional or western fashion?

 

 

1.6        RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

1      H1: Nigerian students expose themselves more to western fashion

H0: Nigerian students do not expose themselves more to western fashion

2             H1: Students prefer Western fashion to traditional fashion

H0: Students do not prefer Western fashion to traditional fashion

3             H1: Nigerian students identify more western fashion

H0: Nigerian students do not identify more western fashion

 

 

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is to find out how the influence of Western fashion on Nigeria students. In the cause of the research, oral interview were consulted on both staffs and students of some selected institutions. But the research depends more on the questionnaire which were distributed to students and staffs and were completed and returned. The researcher also consulted some textbooks, Newspapers and journals which provided a lot of information pertaining to the study.

 

 

 

 

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THE IMPLICATION OF USING INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

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ABSTRACT

This research was focused on the implication of using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science in College of Education Ekiadolor Benin, Edo State. Consequently a questionnaire was designed and administered to respondents.

The studies consist of five chapters, chapter one was on the background of the study. However the significant of the study was highlighted in addition to the problem encountered by the researcher in the course of investigation.

Chapter two focused on the review of related literature, chapter three was on methodology area considered under this section are population, sampling procedure, validity and reliability of questionnaire, administration of questionnaire and method of data analysis.

Chapter four was denoted to data analysis in fact the researcher adopted the use of frequency and percentage to analyze data collection by means of questionnaire.

On the final note was chapter five which was denoted to summary, conclusion and recommendation

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The world today is undergoing a very rapid in information communication technology (ICT) and teaching and learning is not left out, since the turn of the century, emphasis has shifted from the literary arts to the development of science and technology.

 

Therefore, all the problems are facing the students, education in the world today, especially, that of the implication surrounding using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science in Nigeria Education system and College of Education, Ekiadolor Benin in particular is the most crucial one.

 

All over the world, the implication of using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science has negative signals in the educational system because most of integrated science students are not computer literate, this will automatically affect them in the teaching and learning of integrated science.

 

Integrated science is a valuable course that needs to asses students interest in educational system and integrating approach to earth space science this science course is a hand and class, which have many labs and involves precision and accuracy. It is extremely important that the ministry of education should properly investigate those implication of using information communication technology (ICT)  in the teaching and learning of integrated science in the higher institution, mostly College of Education Ekiadolor Benin.

Understanding the implication of using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning integrated science will help to improve our educational standard.

 

In most developing countries like Ghana, South Africa etc. the problems of poor performance of students in integrated science is very acute and this problem retards the educational growth and economy of these nations.

 

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

This study intends to highlights the need and identification of the problems in the implication of using information communication technology (ICT)  in the teaching and learning of integrated science in College of Education Ekiadolor Benin, some of these implication are outlined.

In most cases, the students do not have good electronic learning materials (science soft ware, mini science laboratory etc.) which would boost their interest in studying integrated science and guide them in their studies more so there is also the implication if inexperienced and unqualified integrated science teachers that could help the interest of the students. This implication as stated in here, should be considered seriously because the ability of the tutor to express himself will further encourage the students to work harder.

 

 

 

PURPOSE OF STUDY 

The purpose of the study is aimed at the following:

1. To find out the degree of the implication on using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science.
2. To find out the implication of using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science and way of creating a long lasting solution to the problems.
3. To find out the attitude of students toward their academic performance.

 

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study can only be clearly understood when the purpose for the study and its concern is taken into due consideration the significance of the study is however basically to correct the implication, effects and resultant of poor performance of students due to lack of interest in integrated science. Also this research is being carried out for the purpose of understanding the relevance of assessment of student’s interest in integrated science.

Moreover, this study would bring into limelight the fact that our teachers are agent of knowledge impact; therefore the emphasis must also include the attitude of teachers towards their students.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

One of the controversial aspects of using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science revolves round the issue of values in certainty, the implication of using information communication technology (ICT) is highly valuable. To avoid the controversy over which value to incorporate into using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science some schools have opted for a value mental approach, such programmes have little or no impact on modifying students activities some of the research questions are as follows:

1. Does College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin, have the necessary science materials that will aid the teaching and learning of integrated science?
2. Is the using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science in College of Education Ekiadolor-Benin?
3. Is there a goop rapport between the students and the integrated science teacher?
4. Do think using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science should not be introduced in school at all?
5. Can using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science be used to correct problems of exams malpractices?

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

For the purpose of this study, College of Education Ekiadolor-Benin has been chosen in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

It is especially concerned with the implication of using information communication technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of integrated science.

This study also involves the lecturers in the selected Colleges, i.e. College of Education Ekiadolor-Benin, Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Examination malpractice: This means unprofessional conduct by students during examination.

Assessment: Evaluation or estimation of students on a particular subject.

Performance: This means students recital on their courses.

 

 

 

 

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LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME {AIDS} AMONGST SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

The study was to determine the level of awareness of AIDS amongst adolescents in selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Data for the study was collected using structure questionnaire. From the data collected, the following findings were revealed. That although many adolescents have heard of AIDS. The adolescent from the Oredo local government lack some information on the mode of transmission of the disease. Lastly, there is poor role of the secondary school in AIDS education of students. Based on these findings the researcher advance some suggestion to improve AIDS awareness among adolescents in secondary school.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 

Background to the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of study

Research questions

Scope and limitation of the study

Significance of study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO: Literature review  

Causes, signs and symptoms

How Aids is spread

Adolescent awareness and attitude towards Aids

CHAPTER THREE: Research Design and Methodology

Population of the study

Sample and sampling procedure

Research instrument

Validity and reliability of statement

Administration

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation and Analysis Data

Results and discussion

CHAPTER FIVE   

Summary, Conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCE

QUESTIONNAIRE         

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Silently, stead but relentlessly a major epidemic quite different from what the world has ever experienced has invaded the globe as a whole during the past decade. It is an epidemic that knows no bound social, economic nature or religion. An epidemic that brings blame, rejection and division into families and communities. The epidemic is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. A person infected with HIV may not feel its effects for several years. But gradually, the virus attacks the body’s immune system making it more vulnerable to infections. The advanced stage of HIV disease, generally know as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Finally lead to death.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome {AIDS} was quite unknown to man not until 1981. Today it tends to dominate the media profile especially as a subject for public health programme. Aids as devastating world wide plague is not only a health programme but also a social, economic, political and development issue.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus {HIV} that causes Aids is spread through sexual contact with an infected person by needle sharing among injecting drugs users or through transfusion of infected blood or blood clothing factors. According to Laino internet {2006}, clearly states that pregnant women infected with HIV can also transmit the virus to their new born infant before or during birth or though breast feeding after birth.

Indeed the HIV spread is a problem, which get worse day by day. According to world health organization {WHO} 1990 estimate, Aids if unchecked with contribute about 3.3 percent to the global burden of disease and 1.8 billion people will die of Aids each year.

The World Health Organization {WHO} conducted survey in 1994 13th December in twenty one local government area of Nigeria revealed that more than five percent {5%} of expectant mother in Nigeria have Aids virus while 961 people have fully grown Aids disease. The WHO report further suggested that 100,000 people have the strain of HIV virus in them.

These trends may have been further confirmed when {Ahmed 2002} at a workshop Tagged AIDS education project organized by rotary international for journalists and information officer said the rate at which the dreaded disease was spreading in Kano state was alarming.

Ahmen {2002} noted with concern that from 1996 to 2002, Aids cases in the state increased from 740 to 4, 047 and that most of the victims were between 17 years and 20 years of ages. Other states may have similar trend. This development is indeed of concern, considering the link between the spread of AIDS and prostitution with increasing incidence among Nigeria adolescents in secondary schools and institutions of higher learning. (Ahmen 2002 notation).

In view of the above background, it has become imperative to investigate into the level of awareness of adolescents on maters concerning AIDS. These have a lot to do with their personal health and well being. An informed person irrespective of age can make some difference in managing and problem it is therefore the aim of this research to assess and ascertain, the knowledge of AIDS amongst Nigeria adolescents with focus on the secondary school students of Oredo local government area, of Edo state.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The disease {AIDS} unlike most other sickness is posing an challenge not only to the world in general but to the developing countries in particular. This study is an investigation into the knowledge and awareness of Aids among adolescents in secondary school of Oredo local government area in Edo state. Most adolescents in Nigeria have hard of aids especially from friends media’s and through cheap literature.

Adolescent and even adults have a misconception about the Aids disease. They consider it a raity or white man’s disease and no more threat.

Adolescents needs a basic knowledge the clinical features of aids the mode of transmission and the associated risk of infection in order to maintain the personal person health and other member of the society.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

This study is set to examine the level of awareness of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome {AIDS} amongst adolescent in secondary school students in Oredo local government area in Edo state. For the purpose of the study, the following basic assumption will be tested.

It is generally assumed that most adolescents do not have in depth knowledge than their counterpart in secondary school. Finally that most adolescent are quite ignorant of mode of the transmission of AIDS disease.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the above assumption the following research question will be tested.

1.            What is the level of awareness of secondary school adolescent in Oredo local government on the mode of transmission of Aids?

2.            What is the perception of secondary school adolescents in Oredo local government on the level of seriousness of Aids.

3.            What is the source of information on Aids among adolescent in secondary school.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study was carried out to determine the level of awareness of Aids among adolescent in Oredo local government area of Edo state. It is the opinion of the researcher that when the study is completed, it would advance the knowledge in the field of education and also serves as a reference source to further studies.

The result of this study will highlight the knowledge of Nigeria adolescent on Aids especially in secondary schools of Oredo.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Aids is caused by a small germ called “HIV”

Human: the virus only lives in humans and not in animals, insects, water or air.

Immuno deficiency: The virus cause the immune or defense system of the body to be less effective in protecting from disease.

Virus: A virus is very small germ therefore HIV virus is do tiny that a full stop at the end of a sentence can contain 230,000 of them. Once HIV gets into the blood system you cannot remove it.

Sexuality: This is the felling and activities connected with personals sexual desires.

Homosexuality: This refers to as sexual interest in and sexual activity with a member of the same sex.

Promiscuity: Having many sexual partners.

Rationale: The principles or reasons on which something is based.

Sex education: This is something perceived as the provision of sex knowledge or information.

Ambivalent: Having or showing mixed good and bad feeling about a particular object, person or situation.

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THE EFFECT OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE ON STUDENTS ATTITUDE TO LEARN

 

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ABSTRACT

          The educational system has for long had serious hit from examination malpractice and this has brought into focus the need to tackle this issues in order of findings ways to eradicate such problems in the light of the above the study looked at examination malpractices in college of Education Ekiadolor with the view to achieve the following objectives.

1.                 To find out the causes of examination malpractice in the college.

2.                 To find out the various means by which students use to cheat during examination

3.                 To investigate the effect of examination malpractice to both the students and educational system in general

4.                 To profound possible solutions, which could be use to eradicate the problem of examination malpractice.

To achieve these objectives the problem of examination malpractice. To achieve these objectives the survey method was used for data collection, we used questionnaire to elicit information from chose school students, the result of the data analysis showed that the main causes of examination malpractice is the strong desire to acquire a certificate well labeled and most parents encourage them on it and the method commonly used is spying and copying of answers to examination questions from fellow students and examination malpractices has brought disastrous effect on students and the educational system in Nigeria and finally, some measure to adopt in eradicating this problems is:

1.                 Punishing students or whoever is involved in the act.

2.                 Spacing of students in the hall              

3.                 Higher payment and regular payment of salaries to supervisors and lecturers

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Research questions

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO        

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE    

Research instrument

Population

Sample

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE         

Summary

Recommendation

Conclusion

REFERENCE

QUESTIONNAIRE     

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Malpractices according to the advance oxford learners dictionary is wrong doing, neglect to duty. According to Nwana (1999) examination malpractices could be defined as behaviour contrary to a set of expected code of conduct or contrary to a set of ethic and norms exhibited in the course of examination by persons or group of persons.

The definition makes it clear that examination malpractice is not only illegal but its effect degrading and devastating. Mavan (1991) stated that in recent years the rampant occurrence of examination malpractices in several institution of learning in Nigeria have become a matter of concern to all.

 

This statement denote that the rate at which candidates indulge in examination malpractice, examination leakage, impersonation, copying and certificate forging is alarming and it put the examination and the country as a sole in an embarrassing position, because it under estimate the quality of our educational system. The origin of examination malpractice can be traced back to (1914) when senior Cambridge local examination leaked. This was thirty-eight years before West Africa Examination Council was established in the primary school cheating and alternation of marks are quite for common malpractice is even more evident in the West Africa Examination Council (WAEC), JAMB and other examination conducted by the federal ministry of education. Mark (1991) reported that the above fact was responsible for the 1987 decision by the federal ministry of education professor Jubril Aminu Mayah (1991) states that the registrar indicated the examination malpractices constitution is one of the biggest problems facing the boards.

He expressed disappointment at the way candidates despite efforts that have been made by school admission examination bodies and the government in terms of disciplinary measure in order to curb examination malpractice.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Examination malpractice has long been ion existence in our society and have been taken by different investigation on the subject and in-spite of these. Examination malpractice still thrives in our educational system. Despite the disastrous effect it has students, parents, educational system but the society at large, like

a.                 Cancellation of results

b.                 Lowering of standard when under serving students are allowed in posses requiring high standard of performance.

c.                  Lack of motivation or incentive to read hard in order to be successful in examination.

d.                 Promote laziness and laxity in schools where by students do not read their books with what have been taught.

It is the purpose of this research to inquire deeply into the causes of examination malpractice and find possible solution in order to eradicate this act from the educational system and the nation in general.

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

In the course of the study the project researcher will attempt to achieve the following objectives.

1.                 To find out the factor responsible for examination malpractices in College of Education, Ekiadolor

2.                 To examine the people involved in examination malpractice.

3.                 To suggest possible solution to the problem of examination malpractices in college of education and the various schools that make up the college.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study intends to find out the factors that are responsible for examination malpractice and also some possible measure to eradicate it. It will help us to shift emphasis from paper qualification on job to experience by policy making those who plan the curriculum in Nigeria will be aware of the loophole and try to fill them up. It will also furnish the school of science school of vocational and other school in college of education and the state ministry of education with information and new ideas concerning examination malpractices.

It will also help such organization as the Nigeria national council in the areas of examination malpractices.

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study intends to find out the causes and some possible solution to examination malpractice in College of Education Ekiadolor. The study is restricted to the college of education using the students, academic and non-academic staffs. The study will involve 10 academic staffs, 10 non academic staffs and one hundred students drawn from each of the department in the school.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

The study is guided by the following questions:

1.                 Do parents encourage examination malpractices?

2.                 What effect could examination malpractice have on educational system in Nigeria?

3.                 Are lecturers involved in examination malpractices?

4.                 Do parents place value on grades, rather than the knowledge?

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Examination: examination could be define as a process of testing of knowledge or ability of an individual in mathematics questions, papers or oral inquiry into an inspection of some thing, or on a botanical specimen, and of business account and of one eyes questioning by a lawyer in a law court and of a witness.

Examination malpractice: could be defined as a process, whereby students by cheating in examination hall, in order for them to be able to gain what they want. They cheat by writing in piece of paper, writing in their palm and other part of their body.

 

 

 

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