THE PERCEPTION OF TEACHERS ON THE CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS.  A CASE STUDY OF USELU SECONDARY SCHOOL IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

This project work seeks to find out the perception of teachers on the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools, a case study of Ovia North Local Government Area of Edo State. During the survey, data were collected through the use of the questionnaire in four selected public secondary schools. This research examines important aspects of indiscipline both in the light of psychological knowledge and of the overall task of the society, school, its administrators, and teaching staff and parents. The imperative of indiscipline, its causes, types and solutions are discussed in the project and pedagogical, social, and psychological techniques are proffered importantly. We concluded that all the agent and agencies of education need to put hands on decking order to prevent and curb this social menace called indiscipline in our public secondary schools.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Objective of the study

Research questions

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Population of the study

Sample and sampling procedure

Research instrument

Validity of instrument

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation of data

Analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of finding

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For obvious reason, we might be tempted to undermine the theme of this paper. Reasons are not far fetched; the topic most academic will say is of common place discourse in the nook and crannies of the country and the world at large. However, we make bold to state here that these are mere assumptions. The topic demands our serious consideration and resolution because of its visible impediment to national growth and development. Currencies are without doubt apparent.

This being so, a clear understanding of a topic begin with an espies on the meaning of the term indiscipline. Indiscipline, a derivative of the word, discipline, according to the chambers twentieth century dictionary is a mode of life in accordance with rules subjection to control.

The oxford advance learner’s dictionary defines it as a lack of control in the behaviour of a group of people. Tulihi and Bello (1980) assert that indiscipline is the breaking of rule and regulation of institutions. According to Uwagie Ero et al (2002) indiscipline is a state of disorder used by lack of training and control to the end. Indiscipline can simply be seen as a mode of life not in conformity with rules and regulation capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly, functioning in the school system.

Adeyemo (1985) school rules and regulations in most cases do affect students more than any other thing because they are made by the school authorities in order to guide and protect the students while in school. The problem of indiscipline is more apparent among school students. Indiscipline among them has attracted serious attention of scholars and administrators. These scholars and administrators attribute indiscipline among public secondary school students in their state of development. They opined that when students notice certain biological changes signaling maturity in the course of their growth and development, they tend to misbehave by faulting school rules and regulations (Mukharjee 1985).

The causes of indiscipline are based on the acts of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools range from deviation from simple norms and instruction of heinous crime in fact the list is inexhaustible. Ozula (1986) listed some act of indiscipline which include disobedience, vandalisation, quarreling, fighting, rioting, wickedness, absenteeism, violence, dishonesty, arson, idleness, disorderliness, laziness, smuggling, jealousy, gossip, drunkenness, greed, selfishness, discrimination, corruption, bribery, drug abuse, sex, and raping. Others are lawlessness, kidnapping, murder, oppression, misappropriation of fund and mismanagement. Disobedience is the mother of indiscipline.

According to the Holy Bible, from the book of Genesis 1:26, 3:6 says that God created the world and made man above everything therein still man sinned-disobeyed God by eating the forbidding fruit the consequence of this indiscipline was great, God cursed man and drove him out of the garden of Eden.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study is geared towards the investigation of the survey of the perception of teachers on the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary school and how to curb it. The following shall stand the basic research questions.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to

1)     find out societal influence on indiscipline

2)     find out whether home background causes students’ indiscipline

3)     investigate how poor school administration causes indiscipline

4)     find out if the influence of peer group has in any way contributed to the level of students’ indiscipline in school

5)     find out the effect of the mass media on indiscipline

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following shall stand as the basis of the research questions/hypothesis

1)     What are the causes, problems and solutions of indiscipline among public secondary school students?

2)     How does societal morals contribute to indiscipline?

3)     Does home background contribute to indiscipline?

4)     How does poor school administration affects students’ in disciplinary behaviour?

5)     Does peer group influence causes indiscipline?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to identify the causes and solutions of indiscipline among schools. These findings will go long way in exposing teachers and other school workers to the major cause of indiscipline in schools. And these will help the teachers in curbing indiscplinary behaviour in schools again, as a result of this research work, principals see their shortcomings and evolve a more effective approach to teaching and school management.

Lastly, the findings of the study would help parents, teachers, school administrators, government and society in general in knowing the various part they should play which could lead to indiscipline.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study has been limited to these four selected public secondary schools.

1)     Okada grammar school, Okada

2)     Ebomise secondary school, Ugbogiobo

3)     Elawure grammar school, Usen

4)     Ezomo college, Ora

However, the following factors discussed below played vital role in the limitation of the study.

Finance: the fact that there is no money to run the research work both in a way of visiting schools to collect data in terms of buying adequate vital role for the research like foolscap sheet and other materials the researcher processes effectively because of time.

Time: since there was enough time the researcher deems it necessary to limit study to some schools. In addition to the above mentioned facts, the absence of enough literature make it wise to limit the study in a certain area.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Indiscipline: it means deviating from the accepted norms, rules and regulation of the school society. It also means lack of self control and disorderly behaviour.

Discipline: with the relationship to this study, it is adherence to rules and regulation governing the schools.

Drug abuse: the act of habitually given or taking of drugs (especially harsh drugs).

Sex abuse: unapproved and indiscriminate sexual act.

vandalisation: willful destruction of schools or other students’ properties.

Riot: this takes the form of open confrontation and consequent revote against school authorities for trivial that are often over amplified by some militant students.

Trite: it often use and so dull.

Heinous: very wicked.

Oppression: way to repression students.

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THE PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

 

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ABSTRACT

Most Secondary Schools in developing nations still yearn for management that can create a conducive environment for academic and research activities to thrive. In other to be a productive and prosperous, secondary school should be administrative by creative mind that are willing, through consensus to build and experiment with often untested idea and offer a variety of management styles. The current regimented nature of administration at engineering college and universities in some developing nations are obstacles to engaging rich and imaginative knowledge creation and developing the amino purpose of the existence of schools. The majority of people who play the most critical role in the management of schools in developing countries lack modern management traits that are important for such position and are rarely top academics, yet such person are commonly entrusted with management academic institution. The article focuses, in general, in managerial practices the inhabit the growth of secondary school in developing countries. The author present some recommendations of the best practices that managing of the need for good management in secondary school.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one:

Introduction

Statement of problem

Research question

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Limitation

Scope of study and delimitation

Definition of terms

Chapter two:

Literature review

Problems of management in higher institution

Development of the environment to be a conducive atmosphere

The rate of population increment

Inadequate of management for professional lecturer

Problems of classroom management

Administration strategy

Political reason/government policy

Financial constraint

Term and condition for service for academic staff

Lack of equipment for teaching and research

Accountability and transparency

Chapter three       

Introduction to methodology

Population of study

Sample of study

Research instrument used

Administration of instrument

Data collection analysis

Chapter four         

Data analysis

Result and discussion

Hypothesis I

Hypothesis  II

Hypothesis III

Hypothesis IV

Hypothesis V

Chapter five          

Summary Recommendations Conclusion] Suggestion

Reference

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Unugbro A. O. (2004) the most successful secondary school (HI) today are those that are translating modern management theories into practical action rather continuing to depend upon traditional individual management experience, trail and error method. Recent year have witness the failure of many secondary school (HI) both private and public academic not because they are worthless because they are poorly manage. According to Boyd and king (1983) education is a powerful instrument in transformation and modernization of society a commitment to the belief has characterized by intensive effort to extremely expansion of educational system opportunity have resulting phenomenal increase in higher number of school and in the study of environment of the students.

Unfortunately, the problems of staffing, planning, communication, directing and controlling in area of professional personnel, lack of facilities if the environment to be a conducive atmosphere, inadequate of institutional material, problems of administration strategies (RAS) higher population, finance and political reason (FAPR) have being apparent for the desire to lesson the effectiveness of their impediment in the teaching and learning process. In this era of technology (EOT) it is an advantage to introduce it to in other to promote the secondary school training and other scientific approach on the teaching industries.

Along side of this regards, secondary school  that is located at Edo State district with many confront with the problem of management as such secondary school in more generously the problem of management has become a complex task in higher institution. Due to social and economic change that is taking place in the complied with the over increment in knowledge and dynamic method of doing things. (This topic is therefore design to examine the problems of secondary school management).

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The teachers are lacking equipment and teaching materials. There are inadequate facilities in the laboratory and library. Inadequate planning for enrollment population of the students.

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

·        Do you think that lack of facilities of the environment to be conducive atmospheres contribute to problem of management in secondary school?

·        Do you think that political reason contributes to the problems of management in secondary school?

·        Is problems encounter in the administration strategies of the secondary school management?

·        Lack of management of higher population and finance is a problem of secondary school management?

·        Inadequate human and material resources is secondary schools management problems

 

 

THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

§  To find out whether there is a professional personal in secondary school?

§  To find out if there is a conducive management in atmosphere of teaching in secondary school.

§  To know whether political reason contributed to the problems of secondary school?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will improve other study and standard of research work. The study will be important to research students working on the related topic. The study when successfully completed will be of valuable to the education planner.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Management: This is a group of people that come together and put the effort to achieve the objective of the institution

Population: The number of people that are in the school environment

School: This is the geographical area when learning takes place

Society: This is a group of people living in an area of land that have common interest, believe and share ideal

Educationist: This is the scholar in the academic career.

Effectiveness: The application of skill and knowledge

Problem: Barrier

Staff: These are the intellectual and skill lecturers in the school

 

 

 

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PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN THE EDUCATION OF THE CHILD IN NIGERIA: PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF STUDY

 

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the impact of private participation in the education of the child in Nigeria, problem and prospect. A study of Oredo LGA of Edo State. To achieve the said goals, the researcher carried out investigation by designing interview form for the proprietors and principals. Data collected from the interview were carefully studied and analyzed. The study will find out the impact of private participation in the education of the child. Summary, conclusion and recommendation would be made on how private schools has contributed in the development of various aspect of secondary education. In order to attain good standard in Oredo LGA of Edo State.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one

1.1            Introduction

1.2            Statement of the problem

1.3            Research questions

1.4            Purpose of the study

1.5            Significance of the study

1.6            Scope of the study

1.7            Limitation of the study

1.8            Definition of terms

1.9            Definition of terms

Chapter two

Literature review

2.1            Concept of education

2.2            Concept of curriculum

2.3            Implementation of the school curriculum in Nigeria

2.4            Proponents and cities of private schools

2.5            Laboratory facilities

2.6            Library facilities

2.7            Building and furniture

Chapter three

3.1            Methodology

3.2            Design of study

3.3            Population of study

3.4            Procedure for data collection

3.5            Method of analysis

Chapter four

Interpretation and Analysis of Data

Chapter five

5.1            Summary

5.2            Conclusion

5.3            Recommendation

Reference

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1            INTRODUCTION

The world is a very attractive flower, but it is difficult to raise. To do so successfully, you need to control the temperature the light and the size of the flower pot. The orchid is sensitive to soil and fertilizer, and is easily damaged by disease and insects. This is very common to fail sat ones attempts at raising an orchid. Rearing children is more difficult and complicated and also requires careful attention so it is common for parents to feel a loose when it comes to child rearing. Many feel the need for help, life and orchid grower who needs advice from an expert. Obviously, every parents want to get best guidance. Where can such guidance be found. (Watchtower June 15, 2004).

Education is the greatest tool or instrument for the political, socio-economic and cultural determination of man from the path of ignorance.  The benefit of education in the over all development of Nigeria through the inculcation of desirable knowledge and wisdom to the citizens, can never be over emphasized. Thus, the development of education would ensure the dignity of labour in the youths by being interested in craftsmanship. This measure would inevitably result to a greater level of socio-political development; economic reconstruction and technological improvement.

The national policy on Education which came as a result of Nigeria effort to formulate a desirable education basic philosophy would indeed make the nation a self-reliant economy and thereby focus attention on the inclination of national consciousness, unity in diversity and the acquisition of appropriate knowledge, abilities, skills and competences for self-reliance whether at individual or national level. The greatest tool or instrument for the political, socio-economic and cultural determination of man from the path of ignorance. The benefit of education in the overall development of Nigeria through the inclination of desirable knowledge and wisdom to the citizens, can never be over emphasized.

Fafunwa (1994:1995) posited that education is the aggregation of all the processes by which a person develops abilities, attitudes and other forms of behaviour of positive and meaningful value in the society in which we live. He therefore, unequivocally made it clear that this would make the child think effectively and make relevant judgment. The national policy on education was actually aimed at eradicating any existing contractions and ambiguities in the educational practice in the country.

Structurally, it provided a three-year- junior secondary school.

 

 

1.2             STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Private schools are institutions that are administered and financed by a group of, voluntary organization on the other agencies that after secondary level instruction. The government do not find any assistance in form of grant or otherwise in the running/management of the institutions. According to (Essien 1992 pg 4 education and challenge). The private schools are agent of implementation of the curriculum.  However, there has been a lot of arguments and counter-arguments as to meet the standard requirement. It is against this background that a research of this kind is to find out whether private schools meet the adequate standard by the national policy.

 

 

1.3            RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions are asked

1.                 What are the contributions of these private schools to overall development of secondary education?

2.                 To what extent have the private schools diversified curriculum content to cater for the differences in the talents, opportunity and roles open to the students?

3.                 What are the problems militating against the smooth education?

4.                 What is the quality of the students, private schools have produced in secondary?

 

 

1.4            PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent private schools perform in senior secondary school certificate examination, determine the manpower quality of the private schools, the extent of private schools involvement in the provision of education facilities such as teaching and infrastructure and laboratories. It will also examine the impact of private schools on the standard of education in Edo State like quantitative teachers, fees and standard facilities necessary for education.

 

 

1.5            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study lies in the fact that it will add to existing literature on the private schools. The private schools bring more uniqueness to the study of the study that is capable in learning.

 

 

1.6             SCOPES OF THE STUDY

Private participation in education of the child in Nigeria is not peculiar to Oredo Local Government Area alone but all local government areas in the state and Nigeria in general. The researcher intends to analyze the participation of private schools in the education of the child and the quality of education given to them and comparing it to that of the public or government owned schools in Oredo Local Government Area. The time span will be 2004 to 2006

 

 

1.7             DEFINITION OF TERMS

Some terms which are used in the research work which is peculiar to the research are defined to enable us understand the context they are being used.

LGA: Local Government Area.

Instructional Materials: These are teaching materials which teachers use to enable a better understanding of the subject by the students.

Private Schools: These are schools (secondary) owned by individuals.

Public schools: These schools are owned and administrated by the state or federal government.

Child: A students of secondary education level, attending either a private or public schools.

SSCE: Senior secondary certificate examination.

 

 

 

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THE PROBLEMS OF POOR READING HABITS AND CONSEQUENCES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF A CHILD

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the problems of poor reading habits and its consequences on the academic performance of a child in some selected schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. A proper research was carried out to find out those factors that lead to poor reading habits in students. In carrying out the research, research questions are been set in order to direct the researcher in administration of questionnaires. There is also review of relevant literature as to the causes of poor reading habits in students and how to curb the situation. Questionnaires which was the instrument used was given to the students by hand by the researcher herself. Also there is presentation of data collection and its analysis. Finally, this research work gives a liquid explanation of the causes of poor reading habits and how it can be prevented as can be seen in the concluding part i.e. conclusion and recommendations.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Introduction

Background to the study

Statement of the problems

Research questions

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope and delimitation of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Literature review

Chapter Three  

Research methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Sample and sampling procedures

Instrumentation

Administration of instrument

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Data analysis and interpretation

Chapter Five

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

Suggestion for further research

References       

Questionnaires          

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Reading as an intellectual activity is undertaken in literate society for obtaining information, acquiring and expanding knowledge. It is an important activity in the life of an individual because it motivates the individual interest towards the achievement of more knowledge. It also affords the individual to derive pleasure and entertainment in sharing from the experiences of others communicated through print or test materials. It is also a process by which printed words are assimilated, interpreted and transmitted into spoken words to understand the meaning and apply it on a daily basis.

 

Reading is a receptive skill like listening and vocalizing what was stimulated, it also productive when it is done aloud. However, it is a mental process involving the interpretation of signs perceived through the sense organs. According to Longe and Ojo (1996) reading is the ability to transform the visual representation of language into meaning. According to Walker (1998) reading is an active process (not a product like history) in which readers shift between sources of information (what they know and what the text says) elaborate meaning and strategies, check their interpretation (receiving when appropriate and use social context to focus their responses).

 

The Interpretation Reading Association (2005) says reading is a complete system of deriving meaning from print that requires all the following:

1.           The development and maintenance of a motivation to read.

2.           The development of appropriate active strategies to contrast meaning from prints

3.           Sufficient background information and vocabulary to foster reading comprehension.

4.           The ability to decode unfamiliar words

5.           The ability to read fluently.

From this definition of reading, we can deduce the reading is a complex activity that requires good mastery and personal interest for sound effectiveness, consequently most students lost interest and concentration thereby leading to poor reading habits among students.

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 

From early time to the present, Nigeria has attached much importance to reading starting from primary school through the tertiary level. It is important to note that there exist many complex problems that may result to the problem of poor reading habits and its consequences on the academic performance of a child in school system. This made the researcher to dive into possible effects encountered by secondary school students in Ovia North East LGA of Edo State. It is of great interest to note that most secondary school especially in Ovia North East LGA of Edo State is faced with the problem of poor reading habits and this problem has taken deep roots in the part of the students either as a result of lack of qualified teachers, ill-health of students , bad method of teaching, outdated textbooks, family background and psychological factors and teachers poor attitude towards reading and teaching students the proper reading skills.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

1.           Does lack of qualified teachers affects reading efficiency?

2.           Does lack of relevant textbooks in school library affect reading efficiency?

3.           Does ill-health affect efficiency in reading?

4.           Do bad method of teaching cause poor reading habits?

5.           Do family background and psychological factors affects reading efficiency?

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study is carried out in order to:

1.           Find out the causes of poor reading habits among students.

2.           Look at the effect of poor reading habits and its consequences on the academic performance of a child.

3.           Suggest lasting solution

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work would be useful to students, as they will have first hand information of the causes, effect and lasting solution on the problems of poor reading habits. Also, this research will make government, principals, of secondary school and teachers to update themselves with new method of teaching reading and the provision of educational facilities.

The awareness of the consequences of poor reading habit will make students improve on the suggested solution and this will serve as a channel to students as regard their reading in and outside their secondary level and this will motivate them to provide the necessary school materials for themselves. It will also enhance the standard of education because the study will equip students to master some key words and techniques or reading. This will lead to success and self reliance during their exams and in the society.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Reading: It is the ability to attach meaning to printed symbols.

Skills: The ability to do something well

Student: A person usually under the age of 16 who students in secondary school.

Academy: A school or college for special training

Concentration: The ability to focus ones attention.

Comprehension: The power of understanding and exercise aimed at improving or testing ones understanding of language.

 

 

 

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PARENTING STYLES AND SELF CONCEPT ON EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT OF NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

 

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ABSTRACT

This study investigates parenting styles and self concept. It was with the view of seeing how they influence the emotional adjustment of adolescents in Nigeria. It’s reference is particularly to senior and junior secondary school in Ikpoba Okha local government area of Edo state. The research question was drawn for three lasting elated literature, in different parenting styles, self-concept and emotional adjustment, were reviewed. The respondents were senior and junior secondary school students.

 

The sample and sampling techniques was used in six secondary school. One hundred and eighty boys and girls responded to the questionnaires on the instrument for investigation. The study questionnaire was on parenting styles scale, self-concept scale and emotional adjustment scale. Pilot study of the questionnaire was carried out to ascertain the content, the percentage of analyzing the result were used to show the content, the percentage of analyzing the result were used to show the emotional adjustment and the influence parenting styles has on the self-concept of the adolescent. The study therefore recommend that parents should ensure that, the parenting style used on adolescent should be such that will help develop the positive emotional adjustment and the school counselor to initiate programme that will help adolescent have positive self-concept.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of study

Scope of study

Significance of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

Research design

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation  REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRES

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Adolescent is a developmental period when a lot of change takes place, these changes could be physical, mental and social. Also adolescent is usually a time of excitement and of troubles and can thus be a confusing time. It is true that adolescents have different self-esteem, and the way they react to situation and circumstances surrounding them. While some are very receptive and others very aggressive and unfriendly.

It has been noticed that some of these adolescents are maladjusted in behaviour and in their relationship with fellow adolescent and other members of the society. Some of these adolescent who have problem with their self-concepts are not able to adjust or cope emotionally. It is in recognition of this, that the national policy of education stated. In view of the apparent ignorance of many young people, about career prospects and in view of personality, maladjustment among school children, career offices and counselors should be appointed in post primary institution. As one of the function of guidance and counselling, in assisting maladjusted students.

The training given to a child, to a large extent determine his or her self-concept. The parenting styles of individual also determine how the child will adjust to the society emotionally. There are different families. There is the single parent homes, the two parents homes and the multiple parents homes which is generally known as polygamy. In these homes you find different styles of parenting being used. These parenting style have a way of affecting the self-concept of individual adolescents and their emotional adjustment in the society.

The parenting styles, goes a long way in determining how an individual sees his or herself, perception concerning his or her physical, social and psychological aspiration and emotional adjustment in the society in which he or she lives. It is therefore important to study the different parenting styles and ascertain how they determine the self-concept of the individual adolescent. It is also necessary to look at the way, this will help the individual to adjust emotionally to the society.

 

WHAT THEN IS PARENTING

According to Cleaner Casiellino, Michinery and Terry Vilarcial [1995] parenting is the term summarizing set of behaviors involved across life, in the reactions among organisms that are usually the same and typically members of different but cohorts. Parenting interaction provide resources across the generational groups and functions in regard to domains individual survival reproduction, nature and socialization, this parenting is a complex process involving much more than a mother or father providing food and succor to an infant or child. Parenting involves bio-directional relationship between members of two or more generation and can extend through all major parts of the respective life spans of these groups which may engage all institution within a culture including education, economic, political and designed settings which the group left behind [Ford and Leaner Lager] “parenting is both a biological and social process.

According to Bornstain [1995], the key functions of a child’s family are to raise the young person in a healthy as manner as possible. The parents role is to provide the child with safe, secure, nurturing, loving as well support the child’s environment, as one that allows the offspring to have a happy and healthy youth life. This sort of experience allows the youth to develop in knowledge, value, attitude and behaviour necessary to become an adult, making a productive contribution to self, family community and the larger society.

What a parent does to fulfill these “duties” or roles is termed parenting in other words, parenting is a term summarizes behaviour of a person, usually mother or father in the process of raising a child given to the family.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to Darling [1999] Development psychologists have interest in the way parent’s influences social and instrumental competence. It has also been said that parenting is the most difficult job, and the most important responsibility one will have in life.

According to Kathic [1999] on clear guidelines above, the way of parenting has been based on, upbringing of children in appropriate building of positive self-concept without having emotional problems.

According to Darling [1999] parenting is a difficult task that include a lot of specific behaviour that work individually and collectively to influence adolescent life.

According to Fry [2004], many parents believe that the best way to bring up and rear a child especially the adolescent is by being oppressive, a commander, an authoritarian and autocratic. These parents believe that the adolescent should carry out all instructions as commanded, yet another set believe that they should be permissive or negligent as parents could such parenting style result in maladjustment? Nigerian adolescent with low self-concept and emotional problem, parents who are authoritative in their parenting styles have children who are more socially, emotionally and instrumentally competent than others who are non-authoritative.

According to Baumrind [1991], the authoritarian families have adolescent who perform well in school, but involved in problem behaviour, self-esteem and high level of depression.

According to Schwarz [1999] and Darling [1999], various researchers have low self esteem and low self-concept result from authoritarian family, the reluctant once perform poorly in school, and low level of depression. Which of these styles is known to have positive emotional developments? Could this be equally true of the respondents in this study? Or can the four parenting styles be merged to eliminate maladjustment in adolescent? Can two or three parenting styles be adopted for a balance adolescent life?

According to National Policy on Education [1998], one of the aims and objectives of the national policy on education, which is also linked to the training of the mind and the understanding of the world. It states also that, it is promotion of the physical and psychological development of all Nigerian children.

 

 

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this research is:

1a.     Parenting style of indulgent

b.        Authoritarian parents

c.        Authoritative parents and

0d.        Un-involved parents [reluctant]

All this will be done through study materials and field work with questionnaire.

2.       How parenting styles affect the self-concept of the adolescent

3.       And how parenting style and self-concept affect the emotional    adjustment of the adolescent.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

To find out the effects of parenting styles and self-concept on emotional adjustment of the adolescent, the study raised the following research questions:

1.    Do parenting style affect the emotional adjustment of the adolescent?

2.    Does self-concept affect the emotional adjustment of the adolescent?

3.    Does self esteem among adolescent create problems of fornication, smoking, cultism and other vices?

 

SCOPE OF STUDY

The research study will be limited in scope to 10 [ten] randomly selected secondary school in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study analyses adolescent development between parental styles and self-concept on the emotional adjustment of the adolescent. This study therefore, will add to the knowledge of parenting styles and self-concept.

This work will also benefit those who wish to carryout data examination on parenting styles, self-concept and emotional life of the adolescent. It will also help parents especially to know the impact they have on their children so as to help develop programmes that will help build their relationship with their adolescents.

The study will also help professional like psychologist and educationist to know that child rearing is built on social support, behaviour molding and the adolescent emotions. And also, the process of self-development in adolescent to a large extent is tailored towards helping parents and counselors to know the different parenting styles that is positive and negative to the adolescent.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For a clear understanding of the concepts used in this study some terms are defined as follows:

1.    PARENTING STYLE: This is the different styles of up bringing of children. Here we have

a.    Indulgent parents.

b.    Authoritarian

c.    Authoritative and

d.    Uninvolved [reluctant] parents.

2.    SELF-CONCEPT: It is a word, which qualifies an individual to self-regards.

3.    PARENTAL ATTITUDE: This is the parental feeding towards the adolescent..

4.    INDULGENT PARENTS: These are the parents who feel less concern about their children’s up bringing

5.    AUTHORITARIAN PARENTS: They are the parents who believes in oppressing their children with directive options and not responsive.

6.    AUTHORITATIVE PARENTS: They are responsive and they do not oppress their children directive options.

7.    UNINVOLVED PARENTS OR RELUCTANT PARENTS: They are not responsive, neither are they helpful.

 

 

 

 

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