PROBLEMS OF OVER POPULATION IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION- A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED DEPARTMENT 

ABSTRACT

This project work is directed to find out the problem of over population in college of education Ekiadolor-Benin. This work is divided into five chapters according to the project, its first chapter’s deals with the introduction. Here, the history of the college and the definition of over population are given. It also deals with the problem of study and its significance. Chapter two is concerned with the literature review. Chapter three contains method and administration of questionnaire which was collected and treated. It was observed that more than half of the students have been affected in one way or the other due to the over populated situation. Chapter five looks into finding solutions by making recommendations to the appropriate channels.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Statement of the problem

Research questions

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Operational definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

Research design

Data collection

Population of the study

Sample and sampling procedure

Instrumentation

Validity

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This project work is directed to find out what brought about over population in college of education, Ekiadolor, especially computer/accounting department which is situated at Ekiadolor village Benin City. It is the only college of its kind in the state presently. The college was established in 1979 as an advantage teachers college for the training of N.C.E teachers and was located temporally at Iyaro, Benin city. The college was formally opened on 15th may 1980 and renamed college of education Benin City.

An enabling law knows as “the college of education, Benin City law 1981” was enacted with effect from 2nd October 1979. The law was revised in 1984. The college moved to its permanent site (132 hectares) at Ekiadolor about 25 kilometers from Benin, April 1986. It operates the semester system and courses offered are in line with the guide lines of the national commissioner for colleges of education (NCE). The college has a governing council appointed by government to oversee its affairs. The first provost of the college was rev, Fr. Theophilus Ewaen Uwaifo. He was the provost from 1879 to 1989. Dr J.O. Afe took over from him in 1990 and left in 1997. Prof Raymond Osemwegie Elaho took over in 1998 sole administrator and later become acting provost in 1998. He was appointed the abstractive provost of the college in 1999 and re-appointed for a second term in 2005. The provost is responsible for the running of the college; other principal officers, deans of schools and the dean of students assist him. The schools are headed by deans while the programmes are headed by head of department. Apart from direct admission into pre-NCE programmes and part-time NCE (primary weekend programmes).

Today the school has improved considerable and the population has rises to about seven thousand or more under the administration of the provost Prof R.O Elaho. The college has really excelled in producing students of high intellectual ability to be compared to other colleges and even which they gain admission into the university. They perform excellently well.

Inspite of the good condition of the college, it is sad to know that the students academic performance is not encouraging and many reasons have been advanced to have been responsible for this one is over population it is already an established fact that over population distorts effective learning and good school management.

Population of college of education Ekiadolor of some selected department, Benin City between 1999 and 2002 academic year.

Department

1999/2000

2000/2001

2001/2002

Computer/accounting

323

510

520

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Seeing the growth rate of computer/accounting departments to be compare to it facilities one is tempted to as what brought about the over populated situation in computer/accounting department to be compared to other department within the college. Based on this growth rate, it with in three (3 years) the population has risen to such that can be compared with the level of its growth in the past years, one would be too surprise in the finding the problems of poor academic performance, lack of accommodation, indiscipline, poor classroom management e.t.c. That is so pronounced in the college today.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The investigation is therefore aimed at finding the cause and effect of over population in computer/accounting departments, college of education Ekiadolor.

a.    What can be the cause of over population computer/accounting department

b.    Students easily pass government in west African Secondary Certificate level in order to gain admission to the college

c.    The course offer in computer/accounting department look simple in the early part of the academic session.

d.            Students wanting to offer easy course in order to get high grade.

e.    Due to the method use in teaching the students by the lecturers are simple.

f.     Due to the popular name of the departments.

g.   What are the effect of over population.

h.    There is breakdown of communication in the class.

i.     There is over utilization of facilities.

j.     Communicable disease is transferable.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The significant of this research work is that when the effect of over population is been examines with in the college, recommendation will be made to the appropriate authorities such recommendation will assist in improving the managing the problem of over population in the college.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION

For the purpose of this study the following research questions have been designed.

v Can communicable disease be transferable in over populated area?

v Does effective learning takes place in a large class?

v Does over population strengthen good communication in the classroom?

v Does it lead to shortage of facilities?

v Can it lead to over utilization of the available facilities and man power?

v Can poor academic performance be an effect of over population?

v Does un-standardized admission process be seen as the cause of over population?

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

this research topic chosen to examine the concept of over population a case study of computer/accounting department and the problem resulting to over population. This study will concentrate on the concept of over population and its causes the effects of over population on the Nigeria economy.

Although there are many component resulting to over population. The analysis of this research work will be limited to the causes of over population.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Population: – Is simply defined as the total number of people both male and female living in a given area region or state per period.

Over population: – This can be defined as that population that has over grown its optimum size. This can also mean that the population is too large in relation to their resources of land and capital shortage of resources will make the people standard of living to fall.

Birth rate: – This is define as the number of children born per thousands people in a country in a year. An increase in birth rate is an increase in population size/growth of a country.

Immigration: – This is the movement of people from other countries into a given country e.g. People from Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, e.t.c. Move into Nigeria.

Optimum population:- The concept of optimum population is that there is such population which when combined with existing land and capital, produces the highest level of income per head (i.e.) Standard of living for the people.

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A STUDY OF EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

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ABSTRACT

One of the worst problems eating deep into the society today in examination misconduct among students especially in the secondary and tertiary institutions. The problem has assume such an alarming dimension that it has become a source of serious concern to parents, teachers, religious leaders as well as right thinking leaders of the society who are interested in ensuring that good moral, norms, and education has the capability in indicating in students are not eroded. Education I mean formal education, represent the only way of making children responsible so that they can effectively pilot the affairs of the society when the mantle of leadership is handed over to them.

 

Therefore, when examination misconduct, in whatever form is allowed to take root in our society, then the stage will be set to produce children who are inadequately prepared to face the complex role of leadership. It is with a view as the how the society will purge off the evil of examination misconduct that I embarked on this long essay which is aimed at investigating the problem and ways of eradicating examination misconduct among students using the college of education, Ekiadolor in Edo State as a case study for a thorough analysis, the work will be divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory aspect, which include the background to the study, statement of the problem, purpose of study, research questions, scope and limitations of the study, significance of the study and definition of terms.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Background of the study

Statement of the study

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Scope and limitation of the study

Significance of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Literature Review

Causes of examination misconduct

Effects of examination misconduct

Ways of eradicating examination misconduct

Chapter Three

Design of study

Chapter Four

Analysis of data and presentation of data

Chapter Five

Conclusion, suggestions, Recommendations and areas of further research

References

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Examination according to Chambers concise dictionary simply means to test to inquire into, to question, to look closely at or into, to inspect, a test of capacity and knowledge. Maduabum and Maduabum (1998) stated that examination is an indispensable instrument in the education enterprises. It serves as a tool for providing accountability of educational outcome and a basis for successive improvement of educational programmes. For career guidance and selection into course and for maintenance of publicity recognized standards.  For any examination to be credible, it must possess key elements, which are validity and reliability. These key elements can only present if the examination is free and fair, devoid of partiality and all sorts of cheating.

 

Examination misconduct could be seen as any unacceptable conduct during an examination. The administration of examination in this country today is faced with all sorts of examination misconduct that has assumed large different and frightening dimensions, students no longer and their books, attend class/lecture note to talk of paying attention to their teachers. Rather they go about looking for unhealthy ways of passing their examination.

 

Government educators and institutions are seriously worried by the spread of this disease called examination misconduct. The trend is so bad that every day a new form or teachings is evolved. Many students caught in this act had been expelled from different institutions. Over the years in the college of education, Ekiadolor, there has been no examination without examination misconduct been recorded. In the past, students caught cheating were expelled from the institution with immediate effect, but the school authority later realized that the disciplinary measure was too strict, hence they introduced another measures in dealing with such students either by rewriting that particular course or missing one academic year.

 

In College of Education Ekiadolor, examination misconduct is classified into the following major and minor offences. Major offences according to the new examination misconduct guideline 2008 are an examiner bringing into the hall any unauthorized materials relevant to the particular examination, such as textbooks prepared answers, lecture notes, handouts and other similar materials, impersonating another examine during an examination, making a non-bonafide student to impersonate him/her during an examination students aiding another students to cheat or receive any internal/external aids, sneaking into the hall with college answer booklet, running away with answer booklet, according to evidence from the hall or cheating/swallowing it and so many other while minor offences are spying from one another, bring G. S. M. into examination hall, refuses to stop when rounding behaviour etc. all established major offences shall attract suspension for one.

 

Academic section. While in the minor offence will be suspended for a semester. Examination misconduct has put the nation at risk in attaining high academic standard in the education section. It constitutes serious ruin the very standard which students hard work can be assured students no longer find it a rewarding exercise to read to pass, they depend solely on cheating, using various means in order to pass and have good grade.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Examination misconduct has put the nation at risk in attaining high academic standard in our schools and education institution. A nation with increasing examination misconduct will not doubt loose its credibility as no certificate at any level from such nation will be recognized. Therefore the need to find out the causes and way of curbing the canker-worm. This study will provide answer to the following research questions.

1.            Why are students running away from examination?

2.            Are students working hard enough for examination?

3.            Is the sitting arrangement of students spacious enough

4.            Why is the that some teachers and invigilators aid students in examination misconduct

5.            In what ways has the government contribute in aiding examination misconduct?

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to examine the causes, effect of examination misconduct and how to eradicate it.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the basic assumption the following hypotheses were postulated.

1.            To what extent has low value of morality in the society contribute to examination misconduct.

2.            Do students view examination misconduct as a crime?

3.            Does lack of confidence in students cause of examination of misconduct?

4.            Are male or female more prone to examination misconduct?

5.            Does poor reading habit of students the major causes of examination misconduct?

6.            Does the current trend in cultism among students in institution responsible for examination misconduct?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY       

It is the sheer hope of the researcher that the outcome of this study would be of immense value not only to the students but also to teachers who will become aware of the penal sanctions that awaits them if found or caught engaged in examination misconduct. It will also draw the attention of the government to provide suitable qualified lecturers to reduce the problem of examination misconduct.

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Misconduct: Improper behaviour, bad management, behaves badly managed.

Impersonate: Pretend to be another person to pretend to stay in another person’s position.

Cheating: To act in a dishonest way to win advantage or profit.

Evaluation: Systematic process of determining the extend to which instructional objective are achieved by pupils.

 

 

 

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PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE EVALUATION OF ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAMME

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ABSTRACT

This research work was undertaken in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State in order to identify the problem affecting the evaluation of adult education programme in the area. In the course of the study, the findings where made;

1.            That adequate fund should be pumped into the programme by the local government council.

2.            The local government council should try to recruit more qualified adult education.

3.            The functions of both the instructors/organizer, supervisors and the coordinator should be well defined so that one does not perform the function of each other.

4.            In-service training mostly for the teaching staff concerned with the programme should be given to them in order to improve the quality of their teaching work.

5.            More teaching equipment and gadget should be supplied by the local government council to enhance teaching and learning in the literacy centre.

6.            Adult instructors monthly salary should be increased from the little salary to the federal government accepted minimum wages of one hundred and twenty-five naira with all its huge allowances following it so that the adult education will be motivated towards the jobs.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

Background knowledge

Statement of problem

Purpose of study

Basic assumptions

Hypotheses

Significance of study

Scope\Delimitation of the study

Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW        

Importance of Adult Education

Lack of qualified teacher

Lack of relevant text book and primers

The non-use of usual aids

Non- availability of sufficient teaching aids

Non- full government and society involvement

Geographical location as a problem

Problem of guidance and counselling

Lack of library facilities

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE  

Description of population

Sampling procedure

Research instruments

Validation

Administration of questionnaire

Method for date analysis

CHAPTER FOUR   

Analysis of Data

CHAPTER FIVE     

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

Suggestion for further research

QUESTIONNAIRES           

REFERENCES       

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

Adult education is not new in the history of man in Nigeria. Traditional adult education is the oldest from of adult education which started with the earliest history of any human community, this adult education may be said to be as old as creation. Adult education in Nigeria like other forms of education was never neglected in the traditional society though it hardly appeared as a topic for discussion. In the early 1920’s adult education was organized in the evening for working class adult. Even then, the progress made was quite slow, the result was, at the time of Nigeria’s independence in 1960 it was discovered that huge percentages of Nigeria adults were still illiterates. Adult education which was defined by UNESCO as;

A process whereby persons who no longer attend school on a regular and full-time basis (unless full time programme are specially designed for adult) undertake sequential and organized activities with the conscious intention of bringing about change in information, knowledge understanding or skills appreciation and attitude or for the purpose of identifying and solving personal and community problems, went down in the history of Nigeria education as one of the most dynamic eras in Nigerians education innovation.

Between 1950 and 1960, Nigerian leader made bold attempts not only to primary education to most children but also to most adults. After the Second World War, the need for mass education was felt by the government and the people of Nigeria. In 1949, the department of education in Lagos circulated a memorandum on fundamental education for adults employed in commerce and industry. The document was a sort of guidance for the organization, administration and curriculum of adult education mass education projects and community development schemes were organized in Ilano, Egbado, Ibadan, Ekiti and Ijebu divisions of the then western region and Udi and Afikpo divisions in the eastern region and Lagos.

Making a case of enlightened citizens, chief Obafemi Awolowo states: To educate the children and enlighten the illiterate adults is to lay a solid foundation not for future social and economic progress but also for political stability. A truly educated citizenry is in my view one of the most powerful deterrents to dictatorship, oligarchy and feudal autocracy. In November 1951, the central board on education endorsed a national policy on adult education whose provision were that:

1.            The essential aim of adult education is to organize facilities for remedial primary education for adults, particularly in rural area.

2.            The first objective of all adult education activities is to help illiterate to read and write, in their language and thus enrich their own minds and take an intelligent part in social economic and political development.

3.            The programme on adult education should include such activities as home craft for women talks discussions and practical community improvement projects.

4.            Women should be given special consideration in the adult education programmes.

5.            Concerted efforts should be made by the regional government to coordinate the activities of the genesis concerned with adult education.

There was a considerable enthusiasm among the people and the government of the then three region (north, East and West) and adults education sprung up in many parts of Nigeria, particularly between 1950 and 1956. in the then western region production of Yoruba and Benin language readers and were started, film and strips were introduce via mobile film units and special classes were help for women. In the then Northern Region, adult literacy programme operated in fifty-three (53) areas with one thousand, four hundred and seventy seven (1,477) centres and an enrolment of over fifty three thousand (53,000) adults. In 1952, alone according to Baba Fafunwa (1974) six thousand five hundred and ninety one (6,591) literacy certificate were issued to successful adult students.

One of the early pioneers of adult literacy and community development in Nigeria was R. E. Chadwick, the then district officer in Udi division of the then Eastern Region, who organized literacy classes on market days with the assistance of local teachers. He also involved villages heads and leader in community activities. His efforts were recorded in early 1950’s in a popular. Film called “Day Break’ in Udi. This Eastern scheme was widely acclaimed in Nigeria and the East became a model for organized community development and self help for the whole in Nigeria.

The free primary education scheme in the then western region and the half fees paying scheme in the East diminished enthusiasm for adult education scheme. This was due to the enormous cost of free primary education which left little money for adult education. The Northern Region had no free universal primary education scheme and consequently was in a position to spend more money on adult literacy. Thus while adult education scheme in the then East and West were at its lowest ebb in the 1960’s in the North, it was intensified. This situation posed a problem confronting Nigerian Government as they sought to modernize their society Ashiedu (1979) said the:

Prevalence of masses of illiterates citizens within the various countries of Africa Nigeria inclusive constitute a bottle neck in any country effort to develop and impedes political, social and economic progress. In full realization of this, Nigeria has over the years developed strategies for the eradication of mass illiteracy, campaign that will finally drive the nail through the head of the illiteracy problem in the country.

In Nigeria, studies in the planning and implementation of literacy programmes have until recently not been considered a prestigious part of University work unit since 1970’s however, research on literacy has been encouraging, especially when UNESCO started to pioneer functional literacy project and as the provision of free adult literacy as contained in the 1979 Nigerian constitution following the government seriousness on the eradication of mass illiteracy was the release by the federal government, the national, policy o education which contained the following objectives;

a.            To provide functional literacy education for adults who have never had the advantages of any formal education.

b.            To provide functional and remedial education for thjose young people who prematurely dropped out of the formal school system.

c.             To provide further education for different categories of completers of the formal education system in order to improve their basic knowledge and skills.

d.            To provide in-service training on the job vocational and professional training for different categories of workers and professionals in order to improve their skills.

e.            To give an adult citizens of the country necessary aesthetic cultural and civic education for public enlightenment.

f.             To ensure the execution and implementation of the objectives of adult education as contained in the national policy on education.

The federal government launched a mass literacy campaign in the country in 1982 which was geared towards making the majority of Nigerians literate and towards promoting the causes of adult education in the country generally.

Since the research study is an attempt to identify the problem affecting adult education programmes in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, a background knowledge of the geography of the area is important Ovia North East Local Government Area is one of (18) eighteen local government area of Edo State a background knowledge of the geography of the area is important. It is almost situated at the beginning of Edo State, bounded by side to side with other local government area Ovia South West Local Government and Egor Local Government Area. It main tribe is Edo Language. Farming and trading are the main occupation of the people with staple food crop like yam, cassava, maize and vegetables etc.

Educationally, Ovia North East Local Government Area in Edo State has about 100 (hundred) primary school and about 52 secondary schools and one private university, one polytechnic and one College of Education, with these and other development her population become dense. To bring education the area in the early 1950 which on till now is facing a lot for its grass room implementation which the study intends to identify.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 

Ovia North East Local Government Area had made tremendously progress in one field of Western Education. Within the first three decades of this century, few primary schools were established by both government and the missionaries and today the local government has many primary and post primary school with tertiary institution inclusive. Despite these remarkable progress and improvement made in the local government area of Western Education the whole local population did not avail themselves of the opportunity offered to them with the result that about 60% of the adult both males and females are illiteracy, the local government limited adult education programmes which today is faced with many problems likes;

a.            Lack of professional qualified and experienced adult teachers.

b.            Inadequate primers and relevant text books.

c.            Irregularities in attendance of adult and the peer government (federal state and local) participation in the programmes.

The researcher will also like to recommend measures which will minimize, if not eliminate the problems hindering the improvement and progress of the adult education programme in the Ovia North East Local Government Area.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem affecting the evaluation of adult education programme in Ovia North East Local Government Area with special reference to:

a.            Instructors/. Supervisors – The qualifications and experience of adult education instructors and supervisors.

b.            Primers/Text books – to find out how relevant are the primers and test books to the adult education programme.

c.            Library facilities – to find how equipped the library was.

d.            Teaching Aids- to find out how relevant the teaching aids are to the entry behaviour of the adult learners.

e.            Irregularity in attendance to find out the causes of adult participants, irregularity in attendance to classes.

f.             To assess the extent of government participation in the adult education programme.

BASIC ASSUMPTION

The general assumption which underlines this study is that, There exists problems in the organization and teaching of adult literacy classes and in the attendance of classes by adult participants in Ovia North East Local Government Area. The study therefore is designed to test the following hypothesis.

HYPOTHESES 

1.            There are not enough qualified personnel for adult literacy programmes in Ovia North East Local Government Area.

2.            There are no relevant premier and textbooks for participants in adult literacy classes.

3.            There is no enough publicity or mobilization for participants in adult education programmes in Ovia North East Local Government Area.

4.            There are no enough teaching materials and aids provided for literacy classes.

5.            Occupational engagements lead to irregular attendance by adult participants in literacy classes.

 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study will go to a long extent to expose the problems affecting adult education programmes in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The result and suggestions will contribute ways of solving immensely to the realization of the left effectives of adult education programmes, in Ovia North East Local Government Area in particular and Edo State I general. Thus, it is hoped or anticipated that, with the implementation of the suggested ways of solving the problem by the authorities concerned with the conduct and organization of the programmes, the adult participants will get the right quality of adult education programmes.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY  

Nation wide various government and organization established various forms of adult education like the institution of continuing education, extra-moral classes functional literacy classes, community development and literacy classes. But since it is not easy to extend this research to all aspects of adult education and to all local government area in Edo State, this study is restricted to adult literacy classes in Ovia North East Local Government Area only.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS  

a.            Adult Education: IN this context, adult education mean – education given to these above the age of twenty one (21) years-male or female, who have not been previously exposed to any type of formal education or to those who could not complete their primary education.

b.            Adult participants – Those adult who attends literacy classes to receive lessons.

c.            Instructor – One who teaches adults?

d.            Organizer – A person whose sees to the smooth running of adult literacy or programmes.

e.            Functional literacy – The use of adult education to acquire knowledge and skills of different types to meet individual needs and fosters national development.

f.             Primers – These are reading books (readers) meant for adults and children showing every action on pictorial illustration.

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THE PROBLEM OF ORAL EXPRESSION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE. SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

The study targets the problem of oral expression among students in some selected junior secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. some researcher questions were formulated to guide the direction of the study. A review of related literature was carried out to find out the views of other writers on the topic studied. Both teachers and students in the selected schools were involved in the study with data for the study collected through the administration of questionnaire to both teachers and students. Their responses were tabulated and placed side by side related research questions for analysis and interpretation for a desired result. Lastly, Summary, findings and conclusion with recommendation were made.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE       

1.1             Introduction

1.2             Problem of the study

1.3             Purpose of the study

1.4             Significance of the study

1.5             Scope of the study

1.6             Limitation of the study

1.7             Operational definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO    

2.0       Review of related literature

2.1       Poor teacher approaches to lesson

2.2       Sociological factors

2.3       Behaviorism

CHAPTER THREE           

3.0       Methodology

3.1       Goals of study

3.2       Population

3.3       Class sampled

3.4       Sampling techniques

3.5       Instrumentation

3.6       Method of data collection

3.7       method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR 

Presentation and analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE    

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1       Summary

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendations

REFERENCES       

CHAPTER ONE

1.1         INTRODUCTION

Nigeria adopts English Language as its official language due to many reasons. Of course the principal reason cannot be divorced from ethnic linguistic diversities and the major ethnic languages are Hausa/Fulani in the North, Ibo in the East and Yoruba in the West. English is the language of government, institutions and businesses transaction in the country. It then stands to reason, therefore, that one must have a thorough grasp of the language in both its spoken and written forms.

Nigeria therefore remains blessed with a language that is meeting her national aspirations, one that is well advanced and embraced universally, English language that is on this premise is hinged, the various governments, local, state and federal attachment of great importance to the teaching and learning of English language in the educational institutions of learning.

English language is one of the most powerful literary tools developed to a tremendous level, vivid and accurate records of our heroes both living and dead, (Late Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe etc) may not have been possible without the use of English language. The language is powerfully employed in self expression as well as in literature, essays and letters.

English as a medium of instruction in higher studies and for internal and external examinations has remained unchanged. English language has for long been a unifying factor among the numerous language spoken in Nigeria today and it has done a lot of good. Wole Soyinka won the (1980) noble prize for literature which is a thing of pride and joy to the entire black continent. If Wole Soyinka had written all his books in Yoruba, he certainly would not have won the noble laureate prize. It is therefore not surprising that much emphasis is placed on the teaching and learning of English language. English language is used in all ramification of the nation’s educational system, but the emphasis notwithstanding, the performances of students in English language is not encouraging.

1.2         PROBLEM OF THE STUDY

Most students find it difficult to express themselves in some given situations. This is because they lack the rudimentary knowledge that is in English language. Elements which are vital for sentence construction such deficiency includes the ability of the students concerned to recognize the varying slots in the structure of the English Language.

This problem is more touching and alarming when one considers the percentage of students who fail the English language in secondary schools. It is devastating when one discovers that a student’s linguistic expression of his thought is universally considered as invaluable communication tool in all his transactions the situation becomes more poignant when it is considered that a student’s competence and proficiency in English language expression are always regarded as valuable assets. Since these will create effective ability in all the individuals discipline in the school and in the use of English language itself.

Therefore, it is expected that at each level or class in the school, each student should be able to express his or herself proficiently in English language both in written and oral work with an academic performance that is at least related and appropriate to such level.

It is in regard to improving on the above difficulties that many writers have stressed the fact of spoken language coming first in the learning of a language which the mastery of it is carried over to the written language. Wilkin (1974) said that in recent years it has been argued on both linguistic and psychological grounds that spoken English should be the principal objective in the language teaching in the face of these observations it becomes necessary to find out the factors affecting the proficient teaching of spoken English, its vocabulary and that of sentence structure.

1.3         PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To find out or discover some of the factors responsible for the poor performance of students in English language in these schools. There can be different reasons why researcher undertakes in carrying out certain studies and this in view that of this study include the following;

To create learning situation in which non-native speakers can gain proper insight into how a particular language is used for living, social interaction and communication. It also expresses ones experience in such a way that it can be made meaningful to others.

Moreover, it is to enable student’s acquire the vital structural meaning of words over and over, it is to place a strong emphasis upon the spoken language in record and foreign language teaching. It will also help teachers to learn the best way of exposing learners to the skills of English language.

1.4         RESEARCHER QUESTIONS

1.    Is there any relationship between teaching approach/methods of delivery lesson and students performances in English languages?

2.    Is there any relationship between social environment and measured performance of students in English language?

3.    Does mother tongue interference have any effect on student’s performances in English language?

4.    Does student’s attitude to English studies have a bearing on their performances in English language?

1.5         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Poor achievement in spoken and written English is generally a problem in present day schools. The poor standard could be observed in the students spoken and written English. This is also detectable in daily interactions and transactions. In the schools English language by the students in the environment of use is exhibited. This thus, calls for the urgent need of solutions to the problems and to achieve this, the problems aforementioned must be identified and solved.

This is where this study becomes significant as it is expected that the findings and recommendations will solve the problem.

1.6         SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study concentrates on the factors responsible for poor performance of students in English language, in some selected schools, Emotan College School I, II, III and Idia College in Oredo, Benin City. This study covers the teachers and their pupils or students in these selected secondary schools.

1.7         OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Non-Challant: This terms means not having, not showing interest in something.

Heroes: This means those who have distinguished themselves in acts of valour and bravery.

Poor Performance: This simply means not doing well academically, that is not good or of a quality that is low or lower than expected.

L1: Mother tongue

L2: Second language

Continue reading THE PROBLEM OF ORAL EXPRESSION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE. SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS →

A SURVEY OF EXPLOITATION OF STUDENTS BY TEACHERS IN EDO STATE

 

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one

Introduction

Statement of the problem

Research questions

Delimitation and scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Chapter two

Literature review

Chapter three

Research methodology

Chapter four

Data analysis and discussion

Chapter five

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

Bibliography

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Exploitation of students by teachers in not a new phenomenon in our society in the past some students have been physically and emotionally exploited. Student is indeed or made to work in their teacher’s house, teacher’s farm, carry firewood and fetching water for their teacher’s e.t.c.

Nowadays, it is a different thing all together, the act of selling monographs and text books has give some bad impression on the lecturers who use one way or the other to manipulate exploit the student to make own money without considering prevailing in Nigeria now.

Again students are been exploited by paying one levy or the other like departmental levy, test levy e.t.c.

In the years past, when education was what it supposes to be students were not being taxed for anything.

Textbooks and handouts were given free of charge but now the reverse has been the case, teachers have turned our school to become bookshops where buying and selling of books are made available and compulsory in the name of money in primary and secondary level.

The indigent students that have no money to buy these books are being made to fail the course because of the fact that they could not purchase those books.

Teachers also exploit the students through sexual harassment and sorting of result where the teachers are made to pay either in cash or kind.

Students are made or are no longer serious with their studies since they feel that if they are able to meet up with the demands of their teachers they will pass.

For the fact that this situation of the exploitation has been a burden to students in secondary schools and tertiary institutions parents and guardians who see to the education of their children and relations have little or no left over money with them due to the fact that the money were been taken away by the teachers in one way or the other.

Money used in the past, to train three to four people in the university is now spent on one person.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The teachers who have made textbooks and handout compulsory in primary school have created some anxiety and stealing into pupils while in secondary and higher or tertiary institutions have created also some anxiety a frustration into the students.

In the sense that student are forced to carryover in those courses that re monographs and textbooks were made compulsory.

These teachers go along way to prevent student from having their continuous assessment thereby making them to have incomplete results.

These have created the act of do or die attitude towards student who has been seeking ways of passing their courses. This leads to student’s starvation and also makes prostitution and promiscuity to become well pronounced especially in higher institution.

Because of this immoral attitude by the teachers, a good number of students have fallen victim of contact sexual transmitted disease as well as victims of unwanted pregnancies in our society.

This study seeks to find out the different ways student are exploited by their teachers.

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This purpose of this study is to find out the different ways student are exploited by their teacher but in specific terms this study wants to find out.

1.    Whether textbooks and handouts are made compulsory for students by the teachers.

2.    If the teachers make the students to have carry over in their courses.

3.    If the buying of monographs and textbooks are used as continuous assessment.

4.    How this affect the student especially the female one in higher institution.

5.    If this exploitation by teachers contribute towards female prostitution in higher institution.

6.    How this affects the families and to what extent the school authorities had addressed her to this problem.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of these researchers may serve as an empirical data which might be useful as a basic for decision making in matters affecting student exploitation by their teachers.

Results of this study well enlighten the students to put more efforts on their studies and avoid moving for the easy way out in difficulties.

The school administration may find trhe result of the research beneficial, as it well serve as a guide in creating a good standard and conducive environment for learning a good standard findings also it will help and direct the curriculum planning to plan well as well have much learning facilities in the way that the student outreach will be more emphasized.

The findings will be a device for evaluating the efforts of school authority towards the achievements of good studying environment.

The ministry of education may also through this findings be directed to the areas to focus attentions to minimize the speed growth of students exploitation by their teachers in our various institution of higher learning.

Finding of this research will also serve as clue to our guidance and counseling in education our female students patterning the effects of prostitution.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

1.    Do teachers really make their handout and textbook compulsory?

2.    Do teachers fail students who do not buy their text books or monographs?

3.    Do teachers use monographs and textbooks or handouts as continuous assessment?

4.    Does this exploitation of student by their teachers have any effect on the student?

5.    To what of the extent has exploitation acted as clog in the wheel of the prostitution and starvation of the students?

6.    To what extent had school authority addressed herself to the problem of exploitation of students by teachers?

7.    Do parent feel happy spending money in training their children?

8.    Is sexual harassment one of the ways of exploiting students by teachers?

 

 

 

Continue reading A SURVEY OF EXPLOITATION OF STUDENTS BY TEACHERS IN EDO STATE →