FACIAL EXPRESSION IN POWER TUSSLE IN ENUGU STATE

(AN ADAPTATION OF CASTING AND METAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE)

PREFACE

This write up tries to review what the theme power Tussle means, this happens mostly every day somewhere, someplace in the word. It can be tussling in who will be in control and this sometime ends up in bloody conflict.

This project discussed on balance of power tussle which I represented with two aggressive postures tussling in order to gain one of three components of power: force Authority and Influence. I choose Enugu state because it is the only Nigerian state that I am  very conversant with The first chapter of this thesis is concerned with Background History of power tussle and it relationship with Art.

Chapter two is the literature review according to individuals.

Chapter three deal with project execution, medium used and development.

Chapter four and five discusses on project analysis, conclusion and Recommendation.

CHAPTER ONE:

Introduction

• Background history 1
• Statement of the problem 2
• Aims and objective 3
• The scope of the project 4
• Limitation of project 5
• Delimitation of the project 6
• Definition of terminology 7

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review                                                          8

CHAPTER THREE

• Project execution 8

CHAPTER FOUR

Project analysis                                                            10

CHAPTER FIVE

• Conclusion 16
• Recommendation 16

References

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND HISTORY

In the world of production, there are many techniques for working e.g wood carving – This means chipping away parts of log or plank to arrive at the required form. Metal construction – this involves the joining of metals when sufficient temperature is applied using filler rods called electrodes. Casting- which explains the pouring of liquid metal, plastic etc.

Come down to adaptation of technique, casting is the making of an object by pouring liquid substance like metal, plastic etc into a mould and allowing it to cool and assume the chape of the mould. In the execution of sculptural pieces, cement is assumed to the medium. Cement which is to be used in casting in mixed with send in the ratio of 2:1. Water is than added to make it fluid and plastic so that the mixture will be able to enter into all the depressions on the clay positive. The execution of the coal mines has been one of the sculptural works in Enugu metoropolis that depicts the scope of this study. Before the arrival of the British colonial government, the geographical area was made up of many nationalistics, among which between 250 – 350 were later brought together to constitute the current Nigerian state. The area was naturally going through the process of enlarged communities and people moved across ethnic boundaries to maxmise threats. The House- Fulani were involved in balance of power tussle with the Yoruba, the Yoruba were involved in similar tussle with the Dahomeys (Republic of Benin). The Igbos too were engaged in a balance of power tussle agains Benin, Igala and some other rationalities. None of the actors was able to enjoy over balanced power, and there was no consciousness to bring a Nigerian nation states. As the contradictions of Nigerian unitary system mature, those in charge of the state become more and intolerant. Yet the use of force and brutal exptoitation does not being the country near peace.

Coming down to the scope of this study which is power tussle in Enugu state. Power tussle is a short struggle, fight or argument especially in order to be in control. Although power has been variously defined by Goldhomer and shils, weber, Rier stedt, simmel, parsons and other, all definition carry the that popular is ability to control other benefit of the power holder. In our society today individuals, groups tussle for power in order to gain one three components of power. Force, Authority and influence. For several years, Enugu state remained the most significant city in the south-eastern part of the Niger.Apart from the coal which it was know for, it was also the political headquarters of the south eastern region. Enugu has a lot of symbolism attached to it It was the city where great sons and daughters of the Igboland began their journey and pyramid climb in to the apex of federal governmental structure. In 1950’s Enugu server as a rullying ground to resist British slave labor. Those who worked at the coal mine, one the Nigerian major export production t the time paid dearly with their blood when the colonialist defined human decency by publicly executing the coal miners in a broad day light. What was the sin of these coal miners? Demand for better standard of living, a request that did not involved armed tussle.Not only has Enugu state continued to be melting point of south east politics, it has also continued to be melting points of south east politics, it has also continued to serve as the thermometer for measuring the political temperature of the Igbo people. That perhaps is responsible for the kinds of attention the unifording political events in the state have attracted. From the issueof power tussle between the states Governor, Dr Chimaraoke Nnamani and Senator Jim Nwobodo, to the controversy surrounding the Adoration ground tragedy, up to the state Assemblys unending crisis, and the closure of Savannah Bank issues concerning the state have been thrown to the front burner of national discourse. Presently, every incident or development in the state is explained from political perspective. One of such issues was the closure of savannah Bank issue concerning the state have been thrown to the front burner of national discourse.presently, every incident or develop ment in the state is explained from political perspective. One of such issue was the cloure of savannah Bank PLC by the central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). This generated ripples as insinuations were made that the action as part of a master as plan to force Nwobodo out of circulation. While those that hold this view readily point accusing fingers on the presidency and the state government. The raging tussle in the state House of Assemble has also made the state the first to have Legislators who operate from exite. Apart from the fact that the tussle in the House has faven a dangerous dimension as there are reports of use of arms on the floor of the Assembly thereby defilling the sanctity of a house of Law, lawmakers in the state now operate like commands.On the march 7 tragedy, Revernd father Ejike Mbaka had gathered worshipers of the Government Technical college, Enugu for his weekly adoration programme. At the end of the religions gatherring, fourteen worshipers were confirmed dead. The state hit the headlines of the press. A religions issue almost immediately assumed a political trend. News that the tragedy was caused by poisonous gas filtered, round the state and the nation.  There were equally allegations of gun shots were heard at the adoration ground.  All these allegations, implicitly and   explicitly, had the state government at the centre of the issue.  Nnamani’s government consequently found itself in the eye of the stann.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The project is to let people know what is actually happening in our society today, using Enugu state as the scope; when two people tussle for a particular post, this sometimes results to a bloody conflict, example, two people tussle for kingship, which sometimes go to the extent of trying to kill the other individual in order to be in control.

• Secondly, two people tussled for a political post usually who will be the power holder, and that head to fighting and shooting of other party members, example, on 27^th of June 2003 a man was shot dead and many people injured when a political crisis was carried out in Udi between PDP and ANPP. There were terrible gunshots

In the air and people ran for their lives all because of a particular post.

3. Thirdly, two individuals tussle for a piece of land, which

Involves the use of dangerous weapon to destroy the other person in order to be in control of the land.

Finally, this project is now pointing out to the public showing the problem we have in our society which if we can understand one another we do things kin order and know that we are just passing bye in this world.  So there is no need to destroy in order to be in control.

 

13     AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aims, and objectives of this project is to enable people to know that power is not a game of do or die affair rather a

Device that co-ordinates without tussle or violence, we can reach to the pinnacle of the temple together without pushing anybody down.

Tussle for power is not easy to achieve, yes, this is true, but if we can do things uprightly without any tussle and violence, we can still achieve any goal we want in life.

 

1.4    THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Many examples of were power Tussle have be experience both in individuals and groups.  But for research convenience, this study is limited to the Enugu state.  This study concerns itself solely with modern power tussle and crisis.

 

• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Though this research is embarked upon with all zeal, it is

Nonetheless noteworthy to mention certain factors that tend to hamper the procurement of data for this research.  Foremost is the insufficient of books on this particular project, the writer did not find it easy to get enough information as it concerns what is happening today.  Another is the time factor, the write of this project would have carried out more research in greater detail if there had been more time.  The total cost of the work was ascertained because of unsteady prices and problem associated with locating the working materials.

 

 

• DELIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

For the purpose of this project, materials available for the

Production includes cement, clay and fiber or polyguard.

However, using fiber glass can retain its originality and maintain it strength.

 

• DEFINTION OF TERMINOLOGY

There is no specific definition for the sculptural terminology which if not explained may not be understood by the ordinary reader.  Therefore, technical words used are hereby defined either operationally or conceptually (based on the ideas).

1. Clay: earthly material that is elastic when prepared and

Kneaded carefully.

2   Chicken wire:   Light were not designed properly, mostly

Used in chicken layers which are so good in getting shape?

Of your work.

3. Spatulas: Wooden or metal materials use in creating forms.
4. Amateur: The finished frame of a particular work with the

Chicken wire and metal.

5. Pallet knife: Used in modeling.
6. Saw Blade: Used in getting some specific level.
7. Based – Board:  The board on which the work is going to

Be worked.

8. Fiber Glass: Light material used in casting the work

THE EFFECT OF POOR MAINTENANCE STUDIO EQUIPMENT AND THE PRACTICE OF AR

(A CASE STUDY OF IMT CERAMICS STUDIO)

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 5000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

ABSTRACT

 

This research project, studies the effect of poor maintenance of art studio tools, equipment and machinery on the teaching and learning of art in tertiary institution, with special focus on I. M. T. ceramic studio.

The purpose of the study is to identify the various ways in which poor maintenance of studio equipment affects students training in art and how students can engage in self help activities to reactivate machineries, other equipment and tools for effective studio practice.

The scope of the project covers the study of dis–functional electric potters wheels understanding and identifying the problematic aspects of the equipment and how to repair and reactivate them.

The significance of this project is the opportunity it affords, the art student to have a technical knowledge of some of the equipment and machines used in production of art works particularly in his or her area of specialization with such knowledge, the student artist prepared him or herself to meet with the challenge of studio practice anywhere, anytime.

The researchers, takes look at different contribution of authors, which are related to this topic.

Finally the researchers expose the effect of poor maintenance on tools and equipment and recommended ways how those in authority and Government could make provision in their budget for maintenance of faulty tools and equipments, before they are grounded. It is said that “a  stitch in time saves nine”.

 

CHAPER ONE

• Introduction:
  • Background of study:
  • Statement of problem:
  • Purpose of the study:
  • Scope and Delimitations of project:
  • Significance of project
  • Definition of Terms

 

CHAPER TWO

• Literature Review:

CHAPER THREE

• Research Design and Methodology:
  • Re –statement of Research problem:
  • Method of Data collections:
  • Strategy for the practical project:
  • Working Relationship Between parts:
  • Observed faults:
  • The Materials/ Tools:

 

CHAPER FOUR

• Project Analysis and interpretations:
  • Procedures:
  • Analysis and interpretation

 

CHAPER FIVE

5.0     Summary, conclusion and Recommendation:

• Summary:
• Conclusion:
• Recommendations:
• Limitations:

Bibliography:

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The issue of poor maintenance culture as it affects tools and equipment used in art production in tertiary institutions in Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. It is a poor attitudinal behaviour which has eaten deep into the social fabric of the Nigerian people. It manifests in different aspects of the industrial life of the people.

Most institutions of higher learning where Art is taught lack adequate infrastructure facilities and equipment for effective teaching and learning of art. Some of the institution that could boast of some  facilities and equipment, have them in their dilapidated conditions were as a result of carelessness handling by student artists poor maintenance culture and total negligence on the part of departmental studio managers.

This attitude to Art studio materials, equipment and machineries is in line with the general attitude prevailing within the nation.

A visit to various ministries such as works and Housing: Agriculture citic will reveal sorry site of abandoned tractors, vehicles and other heavy equipment and machineries which otherwise would have been put to effective use in the pursuit of the objectives and goals of such ministries.

It is not surprising therefore that professor Adesing Oladapo Aderisigbe of Obafemi Awolowo Uinversity Ile Ife would lament over inadequate funding in the faculty of Agriculture which has resulted in the abandonment of many of the facilities and equipment of the faculty for decades. (Kehinde Adio, 2005).

The abandonment must have been as a result of their functional state which in most cases must have been as a result of poor maintenance.

Writing on the collapsed Nukkei bridge in, Jalingo Taraba  state, David Molomo (2005) quoted Alhaji Abubarka (Deputy Governor) is attributing the collapse of the bridge to poor structure and maintenance.

Within the premises of the campus 2 of the Institute Of Management and Technology Enugu would be found a good number of water tankers, pail loader,  and other vehicles which have been abandoned in a state of despair. At the industrial center would also be found, equipment for various productions which have not been assembled or have been allowed to rust.

According to  the Head of work and services department the institute lacks the necessary fund to put these vehicles and equipment back to life – hence their abandonment.

From the foregoing it is discovered that lack of fund is one of the major factors responsible for the poor maintenance culture that is prevailing within the Nigeria system.

Another major factor to consider is non availability of the required technical know how. Most staff within the ministries, display lack of technical competence in the handling of machine and other working equipment. Where there are competent hand, surely maintenance cost would be reduced as the required repairs parts would be procured and repairs effected without engaging “experts” whose services would be very exorbitant.

Reporting on the repair being carried out on the Niger bridge, Nwabueze Okonkwo of Saturday sun pointed out that the Commissioner for works lamented that lack of maintenance culture which has affected the bridge since 1962.

Architectural structures also suffer similar fate. There are reports of such collapsed buildings all around the country in recent times.

Poor maintenance culture has been the bane of  our country which is having very adverse effect on national growth and development.

 

• STATEMENT OF PEOBLEM

Most art studio in institutions of higher learning have facilities for the teaching and practice of art but because of their conditions many of them are not functional this situation has affected student artist especially those who are specializing in ceramics.

Because of financial constraints facing management, money is not readily available to repair such equipment like electric potters wheels, kick wheels, kilns, ball mill, blunger, and other higher equipment like pugmill and compressors.

For lack of fund, electrical and mechanical experts cannot be consulted to effect repairs on these broken down equipment to this end, what is expected of the student artist whose progress in training depend on the availability of such tools and equipment.

 

 

• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to identify the possible ways art student can organize themselves through costless self help project to undertake effective repairs of broken down equipment and machineries in the art studio of their institutions that aid their training.

• SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF PROJECT

The scope of this project cover a study of the design of the non–functional electric wheel, with the aim of understanding the working relationship of the components and identifying the faults. It also covers the dismantling of the components with the aim of understanding the extent of damage and identifying steps to take in the restoration of functionality.

Thirdly, it also covers the repair and replacement of damaged parts and finally the reassembling of the entire components.

The project did not cover the historical development of potters where through the ages. It was not concerned with a comparative study of different electric wheels and their efficiency. Finally the project did not deal with design and production of new electric potters wheel.

 

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

The significance of this project is the new dimension it introduces in the study of art. Under this new dimension, students have the opportunity to study and understand the design and mode of operation of the tools, equipment and machinery that are used in art production particularly with reference to one’s area of specialization.

In this regard the art student will not see his working tool or equipment as object whose production is beyond his scope of knowledge and understanding.

This approach place the art student in a position of great advantage like the driver/ mechanic. He or she will be asked to overcome problems associated with production within the studio or the industry.

 

• DEFININTON OF TERMS

POTTERS WHEEL: Machine designed to help potters to produce circular forms from a lump of plastic clay place on it revolving wheel head. This machine could be powered manually by kicking a pedal with the foot or by electric motor.

THROWNG:                 A  method of producing ceramic form in which a lump of clay placed on a  revolving wheel head is manipulated with the fingers to become cylindrical and consequently give the desired shape of a flower vase, or mug or cup or bowl.

WHEEL HEAD :          This is a flat round metal disk which usually revolves on a vertical shift on which clay lumps are place for the production of cylindrical clay forms.

CERAMICS TOOLS: It is a light hand instrument

COMPUTER ANIMATION AND IT’S ROLE IN ADVERTISING

(FOCUS ON ONLINE ADVERTISING)

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 5000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

ABSTRACT

 

       This research project COMPUTER ANIMATION AND IT ROLE IN ADVERTISING (FOCUS ON ONLINE BANNER ADVERTISING) looks deeply at the computer animation and most importantly the role these two places in advertising.

One can never know the value or importance of ones power of imagination unless its being to existence that moving images have the potentials to convey a lot much more information although images still convey a lot information because the human visual system is a sophisticated information processor.

Animated being recorded or produce for viewing is typically presented in film or video format and it cuts across advertising by recording a series of still images.

This research project also looks in the vital role animation and computer animation plays in advertising as mentioned in the first paragraph.

Animation got a big bit when it delved into television and television been one means which advertising can achieved effectively.

This was a turnover for animation. Initially animation was just art. Computer animations coming in to play, advert or commercials are now more interesting creating attention, talking of attention, ‘An animation banner ad will have greater attention- getting capacity than a static banner ad.’ This will be discussed later.

CHAPTER ONE

I.1    introduction

1. Computer animation
2. Computer animation’s

Role in advertising

1.2     Background Problem

1.3    Research Problem

1.4    Research aims/ objectives

1.5    Scope of study

1.6    Limitation/ delimitation

• Operation definition of terminology

 

CHAPTER TWO         –         LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   Overview

2.2   Relevance of a computer graphic

CHAPTER THREE      –        RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   Time/ approach

3.2   Source of data

3.3   Project development

CHAPTER FOUR      

4.1  Project analysis

CHAPTER FIVE             – CONCLUSION

5.1    Achievement

5.2    Recommendation

Reference and bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1      COMPUTER ANIMATION

This research project is basically to help undergraduates or even be handy for computer graphic programmers who want to learn and know more about the basis of computer animation programming and even go a step further to knowing it role in advertising because this research project gives some deep and explanatory as earlier stated.

As discussed earlier in animation itself, to ‘animate’ is literally to give life to ‘Animating’ is moving something, which cannot move itself and its concern with time so, computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers or the use of computer to create animations. It is a sub field of computer graphic and animation.

There are different method operate or make computer animations.

Increasingly it is created by means of 3D computer graphics or animation; through 2D computer graphics are still widely used. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself sometimes the target is another medium, such as file. One way to create computer animation is to create objects and render them. This method produces perfect and three-dimensional looking animations.

To create the illusion of movement an image is displayed on the computer screen then quickly replaced by a new image that is similar to the previous image, but shifted slightly. This technique is clinical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion picture

1. SAMPLE EXAMPLE (CA)

The screen is blanked to a background color such as back. Then a filled red circle is drawn in the center of the screen. Next the screen is blanked; but the red circle is drawn slightly to the right of its original position. This process is repeated, each time moving the circle a bit to the right. If this process is repeated fast enough the red circle would appear to move smoothly to the right. This basic procedure is used for all moving pictures in films and television.

1. TOOLS

Computer animation can be done on a variety of computers, simple cell animation requires nothing more than that a computer system capable of simple graphics with proper animation software. Unfortunately, most of the computer animation that you see on television and in other areas is done on extremely sophisticated workstation. This page is broken into two software and hardware,

There are some of the most popular software packages used by companies schools and individual all around the globe.

1.3D Studio Max

2. 3D Studio
3. Light ware 3D
4. Adobe PhotoShop
5. Animator Studio

 

EXPLANATION

To trick the eye and brain into thinking they are seeing a smoothly moving object the picture must be drawn at about 24 frames per second (FPS) or faster (a frame is one complete image). With rates above 70 FPS, no improvement in realism or smoothness is perceivable due to the way the eye and brain process images at rates below 24FPS, most people can detect Jerkiness associated with the drawing of new images which detracts0 from the illusion of realistic movement. Conventional hand-draw cartoon animation often used 12EPS in order to save on the number of drawings needed, but this is usually accepted because of the stylized nature of cartoons. Because it produces more realistic imagery computer animation demands higher frame rates to reinforce this realism.

The reason no Jerkiness is seen at higher speeds is due to ‘persistence of vision’ from movement to movement the eye and brain looking together actually store whatever you look at for a fraction of a second and automatically smooth out’ minor jumps movie film seen in a theater runs at 24FPS which is sufficient to this illusion of continuous movement.

(ii) COMPUTER ANIMATION’S ROLE ADVERTISING

       Advertising is mass communication that advertising pays for in order to convince a certain segment of the public to adopt ideas or take actions of benefit to the advertisers.

In the 1950s the advert of television, which is one of the faster way of advertising, developed fast to the advertising medium #1.

Now advertising could demonstrate thee use of their products and present well know figures to praise it. They also arrange emotions through television.

One of the most popular uses for computer animation is in television advertising some of thee models that the commercial would see extremely difficult to animation in the past (i.e. saxophones, boxes of detergent, bathrooms, kitchen etc.) this is use or was discovered. The modeled objects would then be animated and incorporated with live video. The process involved in modeling and create the animation could take as many weeks.

In most case, advertising needs media to be inserted. Usually, animation is used images derived from live film.

Sometimes the animation detail is so high, that viewers can’t tell if what they are seeing is real or not.

In this context of computer animation in advertising, the effects of animation in Online Banner Advertising will be assess; Hierarchy of effects models.

This study/ research attempts to examine the effects of animation banner ads, as well as the moderating effects of involvement, on each stage of the hierarchy of effects model.

The result of this study/ research provide support for the notion that animated banner ads prompt better advertising has better attention – grubbing capabilities, and generates higher recall more favorable Ad.

While online advertising has grown dramatically during the past several years (low 2000) attracting individuals attention and persuading them remain one of the critical issues for the practitioner. The only way these practitioner can make a big hit is by the innovation of animation in the ads.

The also attempts to assess the effect of animation banner ads over status ads with the framework of the hierarchy of effects.

 

• BACKGROUND HISTORY

Computer animation has been around as long as computer graphics. The University of Utah founded by DARPA. Was the easily pioneer in computer graphics and produced many of the well- know names in graphics. The first major sketchpad in 1962 by Ivan Sutherland. This system animates line drawings on a screen—based animation.

Also produced for the effort of the university of Utah were some early films hand and an animated face by such folks as Ed cat mill, break crow, Fred Parke, and Jim Blinn. It has been earlipsed.

In the late sixties chuks Csuri was doing some pioneering work in computer animation in the computer graphics Research Group at the Ohio state university. A

Major feature of that came out the Ohio State in the seventies was real time video play back from a digital disk.

In the early 80s the research group become the advance computing center for Art and Design and continues to produce computer animation.

Norm Balder, at the University of Pennsylvania, was one of the first researchers addressing the problem of human figure animation. He has continued this research and has established the center for human modeling and simulation.

Also in the mid-seventies, at Cornell university, the programmer for computer graphics, under the direction of Don

Green berg, generated some architecturally walk- through of Conrail’s Campus.

 

Computer animation has become regular and popular in special effect. movies such as ‘Jurassic Park’ terminator 2 judgement Day and ‘the Abyss’ have brought computer animated called Hunger was produced by Reine Jodin and directed animated by peter folders in 1974. This effort was a 2.5D system that depended heavily on object interpolation techniques.

A major part in integrating live film and computer animation, is to make absolutely sure that scale and perspective of the animation are light. The scale is important to making the animal beharable. The animators go through a greater deal work to make sure this is right.

In 1907 the HAUNTED HOTE is an animators film by James Stuart Blacktion. In this film the animated was created by stop motion and effects animated of 3Dobjects- wine

Poured into a glass, bread cut and a table set without a human present. The film was a success and introduced 3D animation at the world.

Storyboards play an important role in creating animation, but there would probably never be a storyboard for something as simple as a flipping logo or a bouncing ball.

For example the movie ‘terminator 2 judgement day’ produced in 19….. there was a scene in that movie when one of the characters walks through fire. The animators would have to perfectly model the character to the greatest detail. They would then make their model unimick the live character movement and make him walk through. The fire then they would the two images together.

In 1995, Disney and pixar released the very first, fall length, totally computer animation motion picture.

Just like conventional animation computer animation is also a form of art. This can be confirmed by the words of the father of animation should be art in 1911-21. An artist can control a magnitude of things in a computer animation with a few clicks of a mouse than he can do in the conventional animation methods. A light source can be moved very easily without re-doing the whole animation.

There is now a great industry in computer animation. There is a great need for more stunning animations for television to keep the watchers glued to the screen. There is also demand for computer animation in many fields because of this demand. There is also a growing number of computer animation companies.

They are to mention a few:

1. Adobe system Inc.
2. Alias/ wave front
3. Aula Desk
4. Bantering
5. Calgary
6. Computer vision
7. Electro Image
8. National Association of Broad Casters.

 

• RESEARCH PROBLEM

This project is out to solve the idea of just having a stain banner advert, but giving importance of having an animated banner advert with the use of computer to achieve this.

Static banner advertising does not appeal to the eye- brain because of its usual nature, which is static. Animation comes in to change all that because it draws attended and the memory of it remains.

This project research is out to change the face of advertising and to through light on the importance of computer animation.

 

• RESEARCH AIMS/ OBJECTIVE

An animated banner advertising will have greater attended- getting capability than a static banner ad and also images convey a lot information because the human visual system is a sophisticated information processor. So, it follows or it can be said that moving images have the potential to convey much more information.

The versatility of an artist in the society is the ability of being really creative and experimental especially in the field of animation in respect of adverting in the field animation and advertising. Meleis in 1890 using simple tricks and techniques of a camera to make inanimate objects appear to move. Art history has made it open to the artist about the style expressionism and mannerism to be more creative in expression design. The aim of this research is to make artist and computer graphics programmers see the important of been innovation in their thinking.

 

 

• SCOPE OF SYUDY

This project scope is basically based on animation production through computer and to know the important nature of animating in advertising because animation gives adverts a different status altogether. It creates more time than the old usual adverts.

And how these representations and creativity can be manipulated to produce this result through the user of computer with the use of full 3D computer animation and the techniques to move objects interesting ways.

 

• LIMITATION/ DELIMITATION

The lack of constant usage of computer as a result of non-usage in the department and lack of computer animation textbook in institution of management and technology library as some limitation to achieving what was initially intended.

Most especially time factor, which has always been the limitation.

The research has to be represented with source from the lecturer, and magazines and some foreign aid.

As said earlier time factor this work has to be out under a limit but yet a reasonable standard was achieved.

 

1.7  OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGY

 

Animate:                   Denotatively mean to give life to.

Animating                 is moving something, which cannot move

It’s self.

Anthropomorphic:     is an attributing human form to a god to or

animal.

Camera:                      An apparatus use to produce images

through light.

Computer:                   An electronic device with features that

enable the performance or acceptance of

input     (Data/ instructions/ signals)

proceeds the input as directed by the

computer internal control operations store

information’s and yield a result (output) a

Consequence of the processing actions.

Constraint:                     A restriction in a strained manner.

Direct 3D                      Microsoft’s API for 3D graphics.

Flipbook:                     is a table of paper with an individual

drawing on each page so the viewer could

flip through them.

Film strip:                   A motion picture film made of a number of

still photographs shown in sequence.

Film                            A transparent photographic material

chemical treated to produce images when

exposed to light.

Film studio:                 A studio in which motion pictures film/ s

are recorded.

Frame:                        An organized shaped button for the finished

decoration of an art piece according to its

shape.

Fogging:                     Blending part of a scene with colour.

Interpolate:                 is acts inserts, or interject.

Raster Graphics:          Computer graphics system which process

images, formed from raster of pixels.

Scene:                        the sequence of play, television or motion

picture show over a continues period of time.

Screen:                      the surface into which the image of a side

television or motion picture is projected.

Shot:                        A continues filming by a camera.

Sketch:                    To make an outline of a drawing such that the

Objects is recognizable.

Studio:                     the place where an artist works an origination

PHOTO PUBLICITY OF TOURISM IN ENUGU STATE

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 5000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

PREFACE

 

This project report was designed to publicize and explain the tourist center in Enugu State with the aid of photograph.

The fundamentals of taking photograph and the process and basic printing techniques were clearly and concisely illustrated.

Through this photo publicity, the reporters create a graphic portrayal of the work of nature in Enugu State and also the neglect done to some of them. This will serve as a call to government to come to the aid and rescue of those areas which will equally be their own benefits.

This project report is in form of bro9chure with the pictures of all the tourist centers in Enugu State and their locations. It will serve as a guide map to a tourist embarking on tourism or by may watching the pictures ones moral or enthusiasm can be aroused to tourism.

The break down is five chapters capturing vividly all integral factors as regards photography, publicity and tourism.

Chapter one which is the introductory chapter reveals the background history of photography and publicity and objective research problem, approaches used, limitations and delimitation’s definition of working terms and sources of data.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     Background of study

1.2     Research aim and objective

1.3     Research approaches

1.4     Limitation

1.5     Delimitations

1.6     Research scope

1.7     Research problem

1.8     Source of data

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE    

3.1     Techniques and materials

3.2     Studio material used

3.3     Development of negatives

3.4     Making enlargement

3.5     Definition of working terms

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Tourism

4.2     Origin of tourism in Enugu state

4.3     The tourist center in Enugu state

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1     Conclusion

Reference

 

 

 

 

 

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1                 –                  Udi hill

Plate 2                 –                  I.M.T sculpture garden

plate 3                 –                  Ngwo forest reserve

plate 4           –                        Okpara square saluting base

plate 5                                     Michael Okpara square statue

plate 6                                     Okpara square forest

plate 7                                     children driving centre at polo park

plate 8                                     bush  house(       relaxation centre at polo park)

plate 9                                     merry go round at polo park

plate 10                                  car park Nike hotel resort

plate 11                                  children park Nike hotel resort

plate12                                   the famous Nike lake

plate 13                                  group of supervisors at the mine

plate 14                                  group of workers at the mine

plate 15                                  the mine tunnel

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND HISTORY

Photo-publicity is combination of two words photograph and publicity. Before ever going into Photo-publicity one has to know the meaning and origin of photography and publicity.

PHOTOGRAPHY

According to the living Webster encyclopedia dictionary, photography is “act or the process of obtaining accurate representation of object by means of chemical action of light or other kinds of radiant energy on specially created surfaces.

The name: we owe the name photography to Sir John Herschel, who first use3d the term in 1839, the year the photographic process became public. The word is derived from the Greek word for light and writing.

There are two distinct scientific processes that combine to make photograp0hy possible. It is somewhat surprising that photography was not invented earlier than the 1830’s; because these processes had being known for quit some time. It was not until two distinct scientific processes has been put together that photography came into being.

The first of these processes was optical. The camwra obscura (dark room) has been in existence for at least foeur hundred years. There is a drawing, dated 1519, of a camera, obscura by Leonard da Vinci, about the same period its use as an aid to drawing and being advocated.

The second process was chemical. For four hundred years before photography was invented, people has been aware, for example, that some colours are bleach in the sun, but they have made little distinction between heat, air and light.

In the sixteen hundred Robert Boyle, a founder of the royal society, had reported that silver chloride turns dark under exposure, but he appear to believe that it was caused by exposure in air rather than light.

Angelo Sala in the early seventeen century, noticed that powdered nitrate of silver is blackened by the sun.

In 1727 Johann Hein rich Schulze discovered that certain liquids change colour when exposed to light.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century Thomas Wedgewood was conducting experiments he had successfully captured images, but his silhouettes could not survive, as there was no known method of making the image permanent.

The first successful picture was produced on June/July 1827 by Nie,pce, using material that harden exposure to light. This picture requires an exposure of eight hours.

On 4 January 1827 Nie,pce agreed to go into partnership with Louis Daguerre, Nie,pce died only four years later, buy daguerre continued to experiment soon he had discovered a way of developing graphic plates, a process which greatly reduced the exposure time from eight hours down to half an hour. He also discovered that an image could be made permanent by immersing it in salt.

The Daguerre type process, though good, and each picture was a once-only affair.

On January 31 1839 Williams Harry Fox Talbot, invented the calotype and by 1840, he made some significant improvements and was able to bring out a photographic illustrated book entitled “the pencil of nature”.

From then photography establishments started growing from mushroom to popularity.

In 1851 a new era in photography was introduced Fedrick Scott Archer, who introduced the collodian process. This process was more faster than conventional method reducing the exposure time to two or three seconds, thus open up a new horizons in photography. The collodian process required that the coating, exposure and development of the image should be done whilst the plate was still wet. Another process developed by Archer was named Ambrotype, which was a direct positive.

In the wet collodian process though in its time a great step forward, required a considerable amount of equipment on location, various attempts were made to preserve exposure plates, for development at a once convenient time and place, but the preservative lessen the sensitivity of the material.

In 1871 Dr. Richard Maddox discovered a way of using gelatin instesd of glass as a basic for the photographic plate. Dry plates could be developed much more quickly than with any previous technique. The introduction of dry plate marked a turning point.  No longer did one need a cumbersome wet-plate; no longer was a dark room tent needed.

By the 1860s, Cellloids had been invented, and John carbutt persuade a manufacturer to produce very thin celluloid as a back for sensitive material George Eastman is particularly remembered for introducing flexible film in 1884. And four years later he introduced the box camera and photography could now reach a greater number of people.

PUBLICITY

According to encyclopedia, publicity is a public awareness resulting from the spreading of information in the various communication media, it is the action involved in bringing the information to public notice; the information, advertisement, article and the like put forth to gain public attention.

It is information that attracts attention to a companies product; person or event. Third party usually from the media is often employed to generate publicity.

It can also be a message issued on behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution.

Publicity is the start of 021 writing, then an illustrated writing, finally a visual message intended to make available, in most immediate manner, most concise, a slogan, a product, a mark.

By the advertisement which mark the beginning of true publicity, publicity is certainty of artistic origin, but as it developed in diversified way, it was pushed into a ghetto which could well correspond to the “unconsciousness” of art. By its only existence, publicity clashes head-on the scale of social value put in place from the concept of “pure” art. However many of its expression was so convincing as works which are supposed to be born from a need of creation.

Photo publicity is therefore is the use photography in creating awareness. In the case of this study it is photographical publicity of tourism in Enugu State which involve the graphical images to attract the attention of the general public to the tourist centres in Enugu State. It is aimed at arousing the mind of people towards tourism

• research aims and objectivesto arouse the student’s mind to

specialize on photography architecture and landscape photography whereby perspective angles and composition are studied.

To explain the scope of photography from the first step of taking the photographs, processing and printing them to the advance aspect of compositions studio work and dark room techniques.

To create awareness through, photographs of tourist centers in Enugu State.

To make known the different tourist centres photographically for publicity, documentation and exhibition.

To motivate the government to maintain the tourist centers and to develop the undeveloped

 

1.1 RESEARCH APPROACHES

A good number of approaches were used in carrying this report, they are:

 

HISTORICAL APPROACH

The project concentrates on those aspects of the society that are disappearing and neglected. The photograph of the tourist centers in Enugu state serves a historical purpose. They build a library of monumental of record purposes

FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

The tactful exploration into photography will enable the graphics students of the department have additional information and guideline to achieve the technical snapshot of inland scenery; it will serve as a reference material to students. The publication if exposed will serve as a compelling force on the government and tourism respectively.

 

AESTHETICS APPROACH

The love of nature and inland scenery call for aesthetic attention. The photographs portray some characters of the scene or mood which satisfy the eye. The exhibition of the photographs creates an opportunity for every one to express him as he desires.

1.3     DESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

The choice of illustration and photographs in this project report describe the whole element and techniques of photography as well as reveal the tourist centers in Enugu State.

 

 

 

• LIMITATION

Many things pose as limitation to the execution of this project report. They include

1. lack of reference materials on photo publicity on our libraries
2. lack of  documentation, materials on the tourist centers in Enugu State
3. following the high cost of things and the devastating nature of our economy, I was unable to produce requisite research materials
4. There were not enough time for me to accomplish the project and to report on it.
   • DELIMITATIONS

I delimited photo publicity to the tourism in Enugu State to enable me focus on more important areas.

I use black and white photographs only because of colour processing equipment in our photo studio.

 

1.6     RESEARCH SCOPE

The scope of this research is based on Enugu State and Origin of this tourism in the state with the use of single lens camera pentax k100 loaded with fomapan film. I was able to picture the Udi Hill, Ngwo forest, Polo Park, Okpara square, Nike lake hotel resort coal mine, Airport and Zoo. After which the picture were processed and printed in black and whites.

The picture were fixed in the report with the aid scanner

1.7     RESEARCH PROBLEMS

Photography is a course of study has suffered untold setbacks which has also affected the interest student reposed on it. The setback stem from poor financial assistance, high cost and unavailability of studio materials.

The greater number of people in our society has vested their interest mainly on portrait and motion photography, thereby neglecting the startling beauty inherent in nature. The tourist centers in Enugu state needs publicity through photograph for the government to come to the rescue of some devastating ones and to open the eyes of various individual to tourism.

 

1.8     SOURCES OF DATA

The sources of my a data include

1. Enugu State tourism board library
2. reference materials from Mr. Patrik Uko FAA photo lab attendant
3. FAA photo studio
4. Oral interview with tourist board workers

 

PUBLICITY DESIGN COMPANY ON BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION (USING GRAPHICS MEDIUM)

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 5000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

 

PREFACE

  This project on publicity design on “Bribery and corruption in Nigeria” was chosen to create awareness to how pubic on the scourge of Bribery and corruption and how to prevent and fight it.

My approach is purely based on visual aids for an easy illustration.

Some describe corruption as an act of stealing, cheating, telling lies. – Different people hold different view on corruption.    There are those who believe it is purely – social affair and there are other who say it is spiritual and that it comes from an instinct.

However, corruption is defined as an inducement to wrong by bribery or other unlawful or improper means – a departure from what is pure and correct. It also means – a departure from a sound to unsound and provident state, make is an evil influence.

Corruption is one of the infamous twin evils Bribery and corruption. There are different features of corruption depending on the every day activities of the individual. A person is said to be corrupt when he secure material advantage or if a public official is induced to act otherwise he would not.   One can also define corruption as improper or selfish exercise of power and influence by a public officer.

We can note that different definitions have been given for corruption and hardly can find one that is complete – It is because corruption is multi – faceted with numerous forms and dimensions. In Nigeria, some say that it has become a convention. A tradition, a psychological need, a necessity, and a way of Life.

This write –up is made up of three chapters.

In chapter one, is an introduction where I highlighted the background history, statement of problem, the aims and objectives, the scope of the project, Limitations and Delimitation and definition of terminologies

Chapter two of this work comprises of the Literature review.

Chapter three is about the techniques, material and tools used in the work.

After the chapters comes conclusion and then Bibliography.

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1    Statement of Problem

1.2     Aims and Objectives

1.3      Scope of the Delimitations

1.4      Definition of Terminologies

CHAPTER TWO

2.1    Literature Review

2.2    Causes of Bribery and Corruption

CHAPTER THREE

3.1     Methods and Materials

Conclusion

Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

For a very long time, corruption has become recognized as a major problem in Nigeria, where it has become reaching the dimension of an epidemic, in our body politics, government after government, and continually expressed alarm at the situation and has reported declare their respective intentions to control corruption, It is recognized that corruption is a most perverting of (crime which) acts as a catalyst to all ……………… other (crimes). Let it is restricted to the improper giving and the receiving of gratification to and by a public officer of various categories in older to do or to refrain from doing certain acts in the cause of his official duties, excepting the extension of the office to business.

 

This emphasis on public sector probity appears not to recognized the complementarily of both public and private sectors of the same integral society, in the light of which we should know that the “ attitude and habits” in one sector are bound to affect and enforce attitude and habits in other sector. Therefore, if we attempt to clean up the public sector, with cankerworm will continuously be contaminating the public sector with attendant continuation of corruption habit, in as much as it is impossible to insulate the must be cleaned together. This prophecy was amply fulfilled by various civilian Administrations of 1979 – 83 in the country, which were respectively characterized by graft and endemic corruption. Federal Government failed to enact the necessary enabling Law then to establish code of conduct Tribunal and Bureau, as provided for in 79 constitutions. It is therefore clear that we must define the offence of corruption to cover behavior in both private and public sectors in as much as probity in both sectors is essential to a health society. In this regard, we must cover all the categories of person medium or low in status.

Also in the line with dynamic activism of Brairaiman J. in the case of “ Biokaku v. police where his Lordship defined the word corruption” as receiving or offering of same benefit as a reward or inducement to sway or deflect the receiver from the honest and impartial discharge of his duties, we should defined the offence beyond mere financial consideration to cover such areas as sexual favors, conferment of titles or appointment (including promotions) to office, admission into clubs or societies.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The problem of “Bribery and corruption” in Nigeria cannot be over – emphasized. This problem therefore is a public enlightenment campaign against “Bribery and corruption:

The problem that normally arise between the policemen and the drivers is a times, if the policeman is trying to stop the driver, because of the token sum of “Mustafa” they used to offer the policemen, out of annoyance the police may open fire on the driver thereby killing him and wounding other passengers.

So also where the 20 is not provided in time, the policeman may request for the particulars of the vehicle which must be complete and in absence of anyone, they will drag the driver to the station where they will ensure that a heavy amount is exploited from the driver.

 

I strongly believe that the problem of collecting money along a highway which is rampant in Nigeria highways is from the top echelon. I also believe that they are equally aware, as they are given account of the money collected every month thereby amassing wealth for them.

 

• AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

Aim of carrying out this research and this project is to contribute my quota as an artist in combating the wild and overwhelming circulation of Bribery and corruption in Nigeria. Things have really fallen apart and nothing I at ease anyone, society is corrupt. Both the upper and the

Lower class of people. Everybody wants to suffer in order to earn a Living. Even though it is not the proper way.

I therefore intend that after executing this project, Both the    upper and the lower class of will begin to see “Bribery and corruption” as a cankerworm eaten through the fabric of our nation and should we should try our best to desist from the act. My aim is to imbibe in everybody that looks at the billboard that we should desist from bribery, Nigeria would be better for all of us.

 

 

  1.3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

The project involves both practical aspects. The theories like I earlier mentioned is a three chapter work including conclusion and bibliography while the practical part is rendered on a bill board with the dimension of “4” by “3” ply wood board. I used oil paints, colour such as white, black, blue, and cream, yellow. It is the graphic illustration of a police man that stops a bus driver, trying to collect a token sum of “mortal” from the motorist with their slang “make you rojah me or else we go to station and the bold lettering, drawing the public attending that “Bribery and corruption” is a cankerworm eating through the fabric of our nation and should desist from it.

 

• LIMITATION AND DELIMITATIONS:

The inherent limitation I encountered in the execution of this project was mainly financial. I found it difficult using the desired material project. An example is that I would have very much loved to use Perspex in place of board was below my aspired to enable me meet up with other numerous expenses.

Time factor is another big limitation to this project. I had little or no time to give the work the mastery touch that it requires. This is because not project is not did I have exam going on the time this project is being executed, I also had some assignment I have to finish, time was no longer on my side. Some of the delimitation was that of going to people to seek out their opinion about “Bribery and Corruption” other are viewing some advantages of Bribery ND Corruption as I see no reason for that.

 

• DEFINITION OF  TERMINOLOGIES:

Most of the terminologies used in both this and practical works are normal English and has no complications, some of them are:

INDUCEMENT: persistence or influence somebody to do something.

EPIDEMIC: widespread among many people in the same Place for a time

CANKERWORM: Evil influence of tendency that cause Decay.

EMBEZZLEMENT: Use of money placed in one’s card in a Wrong way for one’s own benefit.

FORGERY: make a copy of something e.g. Signature, a   Bank note, a will in order to deceive.

FRAUD: criminal deception.

SMUGGLE: GET goods secretly and illegally out of a country through the custom.

HOARDING: carefull7y saved and guarded store of money,                  Food or other treasured objects.

BURGLARY: crime of breaking into a house by night to   steal

RAMPANT:  social evil that is unchecked and beyond                  Control.

AMASS:  Acquitting of too much wealth.

ECHELON:  step –like formation of troops.

 

THE ARTIST AT WORK

 

In discharging these function he hardly receive any assistance from the government or his employer.

 

THE ARTIST AT WORK                                 

In discharging these functions he hardly receive any assistance from the government or his employer.

1. b) Unemployment/ Underemployment: The pressure on everybody, employed, unemployed or underemployed, to make ends meet is very greater. It is great for the unemployed to and/ or underemployed especially if he is educated.

(c) Poor Leadership: Bad leader will definitely breed corrupt, definitely the followers too must be corrupt. Infact, there would be no moral justification for the leaders to take action against erring members of the population.

Praise singing: Our culture recognizes only the rich no matter how he