MASQUERADE OF AFIOLU FESTIVAL IN NNEWI USING SOFT SCULPTURE TECHNIQUE

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PREFACE

 

The topic of this project, masquerade of Afiolu festival in Nnewi tries to experiment and presents the Afiolu masquerade of Nnewi Local Government Area of Anambra State.

At end of this work, a well finished Afiolu masquerade was accomplished.  This piece and it’s report has important role they play, like, Serve as reference material for artists and Non-Nnewi people that want to know more of Afiolu festival, and the masquerade figure stands as the symbol of this festival everywhere.

Furthermore, for the contemporary generation to read meaning into this phenomena when they come across such for the purpose of understanding, this work is spitted into the Five each deliberating a peculiar subject it started with Chapter One (Back history and so on) to the final chapter which is conclusion/suggestion.

CHAPTER ONE

• Background history
• Statement of the problem
• Aims and objectives
• Scope of the project
• Limitation

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

Execution

• Medium (Description)
• Project development

(materials/tools and application)

• Finishing

CHAPTER FOUR

• Project Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion

• Achievement
• Recommendation

References

 

 

 

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATION

Plate one making of amateur

Plate two work in progress

Plate three Semi finished work

Figure four sketches

Figure five Approved sketch

Plate six finished work

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• BACKGROUND HISTORY

“The Igbos appears to be people perpetually celebrating.

Every month, some community somewhere is celebrating.  The Igbo year, “aro”, is a round of festivals and ceremonies, which vibrate with life, collier, sounds and meaning” (Okafor 1989: 133).

Festivals are an integral part of Igbo traditional culture and system.  It is a period of celebration when series of performance of music, drama, film etc, given regularly, especially once a year.

In Igbo land, every town, kindred, village have festivals they celebrates, like wise in Nnewi, Nnewi is a village that situated at southern part of Anambra State.  It’s people have a rather intricate origin, as handed down by the predecessors.

Also considering the fact that most so these information are based on oral traditions, we are presented with so many faces of the story making it difficult to identify the true origin.

Despite of its intricate origin, Nnewi is in existence till

Date.  They have their festivals they celebrates Viz: Igu aro,

Igba Ofala, Afiolu, Iriji, Ikwu aro, ETC.   Above all mentioned Afiolu Festival happens to be the greatest festival that Nnewi people respect and being practicing to date.

Since festival is a public celebration of very important event with different remarkable happenings in live.  Afiolu festival in Nnewi happens to be outstanding festivity that remarks when long toil of cultivation is over every year.  Also it was done to offer thanksgiving to the gods of crop and farming called Ufejioke which they believe that it makes their land to be fertile so that on harvesting period the plants will produce richly.

During this festival, there are so many activities that Nnewi people engage themselves into, like, people in their various homes cook different types of foods and drinks for enjoyment.  People that are abroad visit their various homes.  Friends visit their friends but the most important aspect of it is masquerading by the youths at ama.  Afiolu masquerade, this masquerades wipe themselves with a particular cane called anasi on their heads to display power and entertainment.  Women, girls and little children ran for them for fun.

Masquerading in afiolu festival has some important roles it plays during that great festival.

1. It act as homage to Ufejioke god of Crop and farming.
2. It act as refreshing of spirit/human relationship
3. It helps in sustaining of tradition
4. It serves as an entertainment to people
5. It also serve as a display of traditional wealth of creativity to Nnewi.

Afiolu festival is free for everyone to participate, women and children are allowed because is a festival that brings sharing of love, happiness and unity.  It is one of their traditional heritages that is not against Christianity no performance of rituals in this festival.

Finally, Afiolu festival in Nnewi has been started for some years back till date, it is still this same.  It is a time of grand merriment for everybody in Nnewi be it indigenes or foreigners.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

This project will attempt to solve the following problems.

1. The role of masquerading of afiolu festival
2. Those activities that features in the festival
3. The origin and concept of afiolu festival
4. The advantage of afiolu festival to Nnewi people.

 

• AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1. To identify to what extent the role of masquerade in afiolu festival

Influence Nnewi people.

2. To find out the extent those activities that feature in the festival affect

Nnewi people.

3. To identify the origin are concept of afiolu festival in Nnewi
4. To find out to what extent the advantage of afiolu festival affect Nnewi

People.

 

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work does not exceed the bounding of Nnewi community.  It’s emphasis, however, is on the art of masquerading in a specific occasion i.e.

The Afiolu festival.

 

• LIMITATION

There are so many problems encountered in course of accomplishing this work.  The first among them is the case of inadequate reference materials.  Nobody has elaborately written on afiolu festival, John alutu in his “Nnewi history” made little

 

 

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SCULPTURAL COMPOSITION (A CASE STUDY OF OFFIAUGWU PRIEST & PARAPHERNALIA)

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PREFACE

 

This project examines Igbo traditional priesthood in respect to Offia Ugwu Shine in Osili village Enugwu – Ukwu, Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra State.

“Priests are selected men by the gods for a special purpose. They stand as a medium of interaction between the sensory and super sensory world. They are the representation of the unseen patron of any given community or unit” Along side other attributes and attributes of priest and his Office has been carefully studied and documented by the researcher so for the purpose of understanding project is written in five chapters. Chapter one is based on the background of study statement of the problem, aims and objectives, scope of the study limitation and definition of terminology. Chapter two is on the literature review. Chapter three deliberates the methodology, media used, project development and finishing. Chapter four is on the project analysis and finally chapter five deals with the conclusion i.e. achievement and recommendation.

CHAPTER ONE

• Background history
• Statement of the problem
• Aims and objectives
• Scope of the project
• Limitation
• Definition of terminology

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

• Medium (description
• Project development

(materials, tools and application execution)

• Finishing

CHAPTER FOUR

• Project Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

• Achievement
• Recommendation / suggestions
• Bibliography

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIST OF FIGURES (FIG) AND PLATES (PL)

 

Fig 1 Preliminary rough sketches………………………………26

Fig 2   Approved sketch………………………………………..27

PL   1   Modeling of the pattern and mould making…………….29

PL    2   Charging of the mould (positive cast)…………………30

PL    3    Semi fished work (arrangement of parts)………………31

PL    4     Finished work …………………………………………33

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• BACKGROUND HISTORY

The concept of sculptural composition would not be well understood without the researcher taking a quick glance at the history of sculpture and examining the key words in the concept i.e.”sculptural and “composition

The origin of art of sculpture dates backs to the origin of the man, synchronizing with the primeval experiences of the pre-historic man. The early man suddenly developed the need to improve upon his skills and similarly to subject the chaotic character of nature to a portable size and gain a certain measure of control and promote fertility. He achieved this by carving out making incised contours of the figure of animals on the walls of the cares and stones with sticks and fingers. He applied into those contours mineral, plant, pebbles, and other media.

As man’s scope and experiences widened, there came into being the need to experiment dating from the pre-historic to the modern era of scientific evolution technology.

Differences in philosophical identifies, geographical locations and techniques of approach characterized the history and growth of sculpture from one pattern or style to another, giving rise to different movements such as cave sculpture (catacomb), mediaeval, Renaissance, Baroque, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism down to cubism.

In the 20^th century at moment, such artists as Pablo Picasso who is regarded as the father of the above era. He is known for his verse knowledge on all aspect of art. He executed the very first sculptural composition. This was revealed in his ram head sculpture he achieved through the use of bicycle handles as horn and the sit as the face and other employed fabricated as well as found object.

According to the Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Sculpture’ means, “ concerning sculpture” and means, “the art of shaping solid figures of stone wood, clay, metal etc” It also defined “composition as”, the art of putting together to form something”….

From the sculptural compassion is an art expression that involves the fabrication arrangement of metals, wood, fiber, bond, stone, and any sculptural medium.

Coming down to the scope of this study which is Osili village in Enugwu Ukwo, Njikoka Local Government area of Anambra State, in respect to a shrine, “Offia Ugwu” and its Custodian.

Enugwu-Ukwu which is sited near Awka the capital of Anambra State has Osili as one of the eighteen major villages. It has three segments. Akama, Etiti and Obeagu Osili. Etiti-Osili is populated by three kindred, namely, Umuagu, Umukike, and Umuibi. Some members of Umuobi and Umuagu Kindreds also live at Obeagu Osili side by with two other kindreds, namely Umuiku neche and Umuorikpe.

Okperi was the first settler at the point now known as Ofia Ugwu. It is the highest point in area and about hundred meters above sea level. He had one son, Onyike. This sacred enclave known as Ugwu was the abode of Okperri. The whole Osili village worship at the shrine. At a certain period of every year, Ikpo Ukwu ritual is performed. The sacrifice always attracted by the inhabitants of the whole village, including people from other village, only persons who had performed the Amanwulu title, attended and took part in the sacrifice. There are three idols in the shrine and each is worshiped at its own specific time. The idols include Ugwu, Madu Ugwu, and Aro Ugwu The last known Chief priest of Ugwu, was Nwonyike Unoego from Obu Onyike, while the whole women from village worshiped at Ugwu. Ugwu Idol derived its power from spiritual gynarch. That resulted on the traditional reincarnation of many of our daughters form Ugwu Idol. Since the de3mise of the chief priest, no other descendants of Okperi had succeeded him.

This lackadaisical altitude could be traced to the fact that Ugwu by its nature does not attract many worshipers.

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The following needs have led this project

1. Knowing who a priest is his duties.
2. What are the priest paraphernalia’s?
3. Their relationship with these shrine elements.

 

• AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

This work like any other meaningful work has some purpose why it is embarked upon. The issue in discourse being an important one for the fact that attaining position of a priest has been since genesis and has existed with some hindrances, that made people not to be well exposed to this mysticism.

Therefore some of the purpose of this work shall include:-

1. Analyzing a Traditional priest and it functions
2. Ascertainment of the paraphernalia

• The mysticism of manipulation

 

• SCOPE OF STUDY

In this project the research attention will focus on the fabrication of a sculptural piece titled, sculptural composition in a composition form by employing item seen I the shrine of Ofia Ugwu  Osill Vilage, Enugwu-Ukwu in Ojikoka Local Government of Anambra State.

 

• LIMITATION

But with out enthusiasm in the work, some shortcomings were encountered which could have made the work unrealizable because of critical and mystical nature. The inadequacy of getting substantial information from aged traditional forms part of the limitation. Others are and financial constraints since the project are done along side semester works and final examinations.

 

• DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGY

Every profession has its peculiar terms or registers that is known for. In that respect, a work like this will not be complete and well understood without the researcher defining some of the art terms that one shall come across in the course of this project.

 

1. 1. AMATURE: This is a skeletal frame work that is form to held

Sculptural works during modeling.

2. CHARGING: It is the picking of the position forms from a negative form

(Mould)

3. CASING: It is the coating or covering of a pattern with medium such a

Cement, plaster of Pari, plastic filler, fiber glass clay etc.

4. CAST: This is the real or position work after charging a mould.
5. COMPOSITION: The arrangement of motif of various shapes and forms to create a homogenous entity.
6. CONCEPT It is original ideal conceived before the creation proper.
7. FABRICATION: This is the up of form by construction or shaping and joining of various parts to create a visual form.
8. FIBERGLASS: This is a metal made from glass fiber and mix with

Resin during mould making or charging

8. SEPARATION: This is any only substance that can create banner

between

the pattern and the mould, thus allowing separation.

10. 10. MOULD: A hollow with shape or forms. Into which substance or

Material is poured or inserts to set shape

• SKETCH: Quick drawing without much detail that serves as a quite for further development.

SPATULA:  It is a instrument of

 

 

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CAMPAIN AGAINST SEXUAL IMMORALITY IN CAMPUS A VISUAL REPRESENTATION

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background history
  • Statement of problem
  • Aims and objective
  • Delimitation of the project
  • Limitations
  • Definition of terms

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature review
  • The influence of pornography

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Medium and materials
  • Methodology
  • Actual painting

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Project Analysis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion

References

 

 

 

PREFACE

 

This project is meant to be a campaign against sexual immorality in campus and its bad effect and also the activities that goes on in the campus.

The first chapter is focused on the history of the project topic and its approach. The second chapter is based on the details of the literature of the topic.

 

The third chapter will be discussing the tools and method of execution, used in the production of the project.

An evaluation of my achievement done by the researcher will be mentioned on the forth chapter. Then the conclusion chapter that is the fifth and not the last, state of the overall work in summarized from.

 

Chapter ONE

 

Introduction

Background history

For instance in Enugu State for example which is called the Coal City – State, due to its minerals. The state was created in 1991 after so many efforts. It was formally known Anambra. State.

Enugu State has many universities polytechnics and also hospitals both federal, state and private the state is a well – developed place.

Basically, in most of our Universities today, the youth were indecent dresses that can lead to premarital sex, child abuse and rape. This lead to the of the researcher’s topic sex is as old as man. It came into being when man came into existence. Premarital sex is almost a from of abuse as the partners are using each other with out making the commitment of life long trust and love. More then millions adolescent and youth indulge in sex. According to Janet smith research about premarital sex, it has been observed that the recent research at Cairo, Beijing Istanbul the United Nation, in the United State, the media and the opinion have finally come to recognize that unwanted pregnancies is a major source of social chaos in our culture.

A study done in 1990 of teen pregnancy in California found that 77%  of all birth to high school aged girls (16 –18 years) and 51% of birth to junior high school aged girls (15 and younger,) were fathered by men then high school age.

Premarital sex, as the name implies means having sex before marriage.

 

In the university, premarital sex has become a tradition to our men and women. It is seen as a normal thing peoples on longer see it as bad but as a culture.

In the early 70’s people didn’t indulge must in premarital sex unlike in mid 90’s which has become the order of the day. Most f our girls today, go about wearing indecent cloth, which expose their body, which easily lure men into their bed.

 

Premarital sex dangerous in such a way that one can contact sexually transmitted diseases such Syphilis, Gonorrhea, HIV/ AIDs and unwanted pregnancies etc.

 

There are certain things that constitute to premarital sex which includes television cinema impact on behavior.

 

In the light of the fact that programming has become worst in the last 10 years. Some defenders of television would defied that the impact of such programs is not important. Again the work the parents and guardians are helpful.

Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that sexuality and language is significantly by the television.

Premarital sex and sex outside marriage not only to unwanted pregnancy but also lead to bad marriage and divorce

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It is an obvious fact that there is n emphasized information on the institution about premarital se. this led the researches to produce a panting that depicts avoidance of premarital sex in the institution.

 

Due to the poor ability of pushing the offender in the society and also lack of law and order in the country concerning premarital se. The researcher also had problems in getting information about the project write –ups.

More –over, due to this non practice of laws and order against premarital sex in the institutions, the lectures are non chalet abtueducating the issue on avoidance of  premarital sex rather they promote it as a means of sorting problems with female students. The researcher then intends to use painting as a medium to pass the information f avoiding sex.

 

Another factor is the lack of material needed for the accomplishment of this project.

Some materials wern’t easy to lay hands on.

 

With this, the researcher saw the poor situation about premarital sex. This made the researcher to write on the production of premarital sex under paining to pass the information artistically.

 

 

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The reason for this project is channeled towards seeing to an end in premarital sec in carrying out this research on this project is to contribute my quota as an artist in combating the wide and overwhelming circulation of premarital sex in the university, artistically, which seems to be the order of the day out society.

Things have fallen apart and nothing is at ease anymore, youths have lost their decency and fear of God is a thing of mocking in spite the number of churches that spring everyday. The researcher, therefore intend that after executing the project, youths will being to see premarital sex as a crime against humanity , they should try their to avoid it.

Objectives of this project include:

• It will help to stop child abuse in the society
• it will help to stop the rampant growth rap in the society
• To avoid unwanted pregnancies in the institution, which leads to abortion.
• It help avoid emotional pains in the society
• It help to avoid increase of sexually transmitted diseases in the institution

 

 

DELIMITATIN OF THE PROJECT

The researcher on this project starting from the production on the avoidance of premarital sex. Actually, it started on from the researchers general observation of how premarital sex is growing in today’s generation, the researcher could make this a project a through the help of the supervisor, who helped him through the sketch and final painted work.

 

LIMITATION

On the cost of this project, the researcher, withstood lots of obstacles and constrained but cannot with a sorted available resort, this includes time factor, which was another big limitation to this problem.

 

I had little or on time to give the work the best it requires. This because the exam was on at time of my project production.

 

The researcher was also limited to some material that were needed both in the literature and practical work. It self. Also the researcher was also limited of financial difficulties. This and other reason to a large extent, has contributed the over all –practical project execution.

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

SIZING

This is the application of glue all over canvas or on another support, used in covering pores before paining is started.

 

PRIMING

Painting a canvas or board with another colour before the actual is executed

PREMARITAL SEX

It simply means sex before marriage.

SYPHILIS 

This is a sexually transmitted disease. It is the most easily contacted disease.

ABORTION

As act of stepping the development of a child

 

 

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AN ILLUSTRATION OF TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE IN NNEWI   SILK SCREEN PRINT

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ABSTRACT

 

This special project deals thoroughly with the traditional marriage ceremonies in Nnewi.  Chapter one gives an introduction to the topic while the rest of the chapters deals with literature review, research problems, approaches, objectives and limitation of the study.

Chapter two gives a detailed account of marriage in Nnewi.  It discusses Bride price in Nnewi and types of marriages obtainable.

Chapter two gives a picturesque description of the processes and ritual involves in marriage ceremonies and then deals with the functions of marriages.

Chapter four deals with the steps taken in executing the practical aspect of the project which is screen printing.     It also deals with the materials used.     The conclusion and prospects collabs the findings of the chapters and suggests areas of further inquiry and interest.     The entire above make up the body of this special project.

 

CHAPTER ONE:

Introduction

Setting

• Literature Review
• Research Problems
• Research Approaches
• Research Objective
• Scope / Limitation

CHAPTER TWO

• Traditional Marriage in Nnewi
• Bride – Price in Nnewi
• Types of Marriage That Exist in Nnewi

CHAPTER THREE

• Stages of Marriage in Nnewi
• Functions of Marriage in Nnewi

CHAPTER FOUR

Screen Printing Preparation

4.0 Choices of Screen and Frame

4.1 Mounting of Screen on Frame

• Transfer of Stencil to the Screen
• Preparation of the Diuapositive
• Development of Screen on the Box coating of

the screen with photosentive Emulsion

• The Printing method
• Choice of printing method in relation to design
• The printing paste
• Preparation of Fabric and printing table
• Printing Proper
• Finishing Treatment

Conclusion and prospects

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

Among the Igbo’s of Nigeria marriage is a sacred institution A man or woman is to be regarded to have finally landed when he or she marries.

Marriage institution is held with a high respect and infant, it dominates most of the Igbo art and custom, hence it is regarded as the foundation of the whole social structure. Nnewi in Anambra state is a town that best illustrated this believes of Igbos. In Nnewi, there are six main stages in the sanctification of traditional marriage. The first stage is “Iju Ase”ie making Engines. It is followed by “Inyo Uno” and then “Ika Igba nkwu”. Then the most important event which is “Igba Nkwu proper. This involves a lot of celebration and marry making. Igba- Nkwu” is followed by “Ika Idu- Uno” and then “Idu- Uno”proper. “Idu-uno is another important event in the stage of traditional marriage celebration.

The final stage is “Onodu Apuilo, This is a remarkable period of confinement of the bride in a fathering room called “Ulo Mgbde”. She is giving all sorts of delicacies so that she will be fatten up. The body then richly treated regularly with local cosmetics, Uhie”. These designs are meant to beautify then newly married woman. As already stated Igbo- Nkwo” is the most important ceremony in the traditional marriage celebration and it is usually travel from different parts of the country in other to grace the occasion and rejoice with the marring couple. Care of children, the main tarriance of the household and the cultural imposed needs of the family.

An topologists commonly distinguish three form of marriage: polygamy, the marriage of one man to two or more woman, monogamy, the marriage of one man to one woman and polygamy, the marriage o one woman to two or more men. Most cultures provide means for the dissolution of marriage. It is ordinary expected that those who may intend the union to be Life long and not just a ternary affair to be broken off at the whim of one or the other partner. Among the Igbo’s of Nigeria marriage is a sacred institution. A man or a woman is to be regarded as to have finally landed when he or She marries. In the Igbo traditional society, a man’s wealth is in the number of wives he has. Nnewi in Anambra state is a town that best illustrates this believes of the Igbo’s.

 

 

• SETTING:

• ORIGIN OF NNEWI

 

According to oral tradition the Nnewi people migrated from Nri and settled in the present area they now occupy.

This lead to the establishment of four villages in Nnewi, namely Otolo, Uruagu, Umudim and Ichi.

 

 

• LOCATION:

Nnewi is located in both Nnewi south and North local government area of Anambra State.  Nnewi is bounded by Ihiala, Oba, Nnobi and Amaichi.  It is located in the Guinea Savana area, hence the heavy rainfalls and thick forest.

• COSMOLOGY

This means the people’s belief system.  Traditionally most Nnewi people are subsistent farmers and livestock rearers.   They farm solely to cater for their immediate and extended families.

 

• LITERATURE REVIEW:

There is no direct reference to traditional marriages in Nnewi from available literature.  Since direct evidence for studies on traditional marriages in Nnewi is not available only indirect evidence will be used.

Gladstone (1993), discussed the functions, types and the social rules of marriages in Onitsha as well s the processes involved.  The same is also true of Ikechukwu (1990) who analyzed the family in the Igbo system.  Emenike (1982) discusses the Igba Nkwu in the marriage tradition of the Igbos.   These Igbo speaking areas share basically the same traditional system as the ‘Nnewi people.  Others have treated generally, the marriage celebration in their locality.

Alan Beals (1985) discusses aspects of African view on marriage pointing out the function, types and social views.  He views marriages as a contract between kin groups.  Yonina Talmon (1985) discusses mate selection in collective settlement.  He pointed out factors influencing mate selection and values.  Ottanberg (1978) exams cultures and societies of Africa pointing out the social values of marriage.

Basden (1921) discusses aspects of Igbo marriages.  Ifeoma focusses on the family as a social institution in the Igbo traditional society, including a discussion on the functions of the family, types and formation of the family.  Cole and Aniakor (1934) did a broad survey of arts of the individual to that of the family, to the family and the cosmos.

From the above, one can come to the conclusion that functions, types and victuals involved kin the marriages in Nnewi is still untapped in terms of available literature and from these, research problems can be stated.

 

• RESEARCH PROBLEMS;

Traditional marriage in Nnewi as well as in the whole Igbo land is seriously affected by the introduction of European system of marriage namely court marriage and church wedding.  This has resulted to the extent that some just go to the court and sign the marriage register and are regarded as being married.

There is also a factor like poor orientation of our people atomization of the faint and differences in what the people regarded as being the tradition.

 

• RESEARCH APPROACHES:

The approach used in this research includes functional and historical approaches.  The rational is to analyze the different ceremonies/rituals involved in marriages and then examine the functions and it’s social value.

Marriages ceremonies in different parts of Nnewi were at tended in order to have first hand information.

Lastly, primary sources contributed greatly to this work because a lot of oral interviews were carried out.

 

• RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

The whole research was aimed at bringing to light the value which the Nnewi people in particular and the Igbo people in general attach to the Igba-nkwu ceremony.

As one of the most important stage in the traditional marriages it is therefore very important that it should be recorded and preserved for posterity.

Textile printing is one of the media through which an event of this nature could be permanently preserved and this is why the printing of a suitable cloth for the couples celebrating the :Igba-nkwu” was under taken.

This written aspect of the project is intended to clarify the practical aspect.

 

• SCOPE/LIMITATION

This project deals with the design and production of costumes for traditional marriage Igba-nkwu” in Nnewi.  It also treated the types, functions, stages and the social value of marriages.

The limitations the researcher encountered in the course of this project are as follows:

• There is the problem of funding and time constraint.
• There is the problem of encroachment by the modernism into traditional marriage

Processes involved in marriages.  With the result that the whole traditional

 

 

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PRINT EXPERIMENTATION ON DIFFERENT SURFACES WITH DIFFERENT MEDIUM

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PREFACE

 

Printing itself is as old as man, and it has been used to achieve great things in the advertising industry. Printing is one of the medium which information is passed to the audience and in that case it could stand out as a major means of advertising. Prints couldn’t result in so many forms with the use of too many different approaches, one could use monoprints, the screen – prints, the line prints, the wood print, machine print etc.

In this report, the printing itself has been tested on different surfaces and different materials too and using different printing methods.

This report created an opportunity of having the knowledge of the results of different types of prints on different types of surfaces especially using different printing methods or technique.

One has to understand from this report the best/easy way to approach printing and the best surface and materials to use.

This report shows the materials and technique used in achieving all the tests carried out this project and it will also resolve the best material surface and method used to obtain the best print.

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• Background history
• Statement of the problem
• Aims and objectives
• Scope of the project
• Limitation
• Delimitation
• Definition of technologies

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature review
• Advantages and disadvantages

CHAPTER THREE

Project execution

3.1     medium/media

3.2     materials and tools used

3.3     project development

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     project analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1     conclusions

Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

INTRODUCTION

The only viable means by which any manufacturer or producer could effectively project and maintain the standard of his products or services’ patronage and awareness is by effective and continous awareness or advertisement.

This awareness is what stimulates the attention of the public and then gets them attracted to your products or services. This awareness does not only tell the public that the products and services are there but it provides arranged information of the benefits any consumer of such goods or services is bond to receive. Advertising however gives the public the knowledge of the advantages and the disirable qualities of products or services available to them.

It could be said that the sole aim of advertising is to persuade, convice and attract the attention of the public to a particular product and this in turn leads to patronage.

In awareness creation for products or services, considerations should be given to the “target audience”, that is the category of people that the products are meant for, the location of the people, the peopl’s belief, their culture and customs. When these points are properly considered then the awarenes could be centered effectively.

There are so many ways of advertising, amongs the numerous ways are through the electronic media and the print media. With these layout, we can find out that complete effective advertsing involves a high degree of creativity.

As we shall be discussing the printing aspect of advertising, it will be fine to let people know that for any good print of information for advertising or awareness, te print must process some lay down qualities.

• It must be able to inform: it should be capable of telling the viewer about the product, creating the awareness to the viewer about the existence.
• It must be able to educate: it should be able to educate the viewer of what benefit the product could be to the user/consumer and where the advertised products could be found or located. It must also be capable of convincing the public that the said product ‘A’ is better than products ‘B’, ‘C’ and so on.
• It must be entertaining: this is refered to the aestethic value of the entire advert package, the way

The artist has managed to arrange his printed advert, this aspect is very important because the way the printed advert looks may as well influence the patronage of the products/services positively or negatively, the motivation an individual by looking at a poster may gear up his feelings and the action may lead to the purchase of the product advertised and consequently creating demand for that product.

 

• BACKGROUND HISTORY

Printing especially the screen printing process was invented in the seventeeth (17^th) century by some ya – ya – zon. But the process of printing with silk screen became popular in the mid 20^th century when the artist began to exploit the process in a number of ways and techniques. And today it has become the most versatile of all known printing processes in advertising. Screen printing is a stencil process whereby ink is forced by the pressure of a squeegee, through the open areas of a stencil attached to a stretched fine meshed fabric. It will always print easily on any flat surface paper, plastic or glass screen are semi liquid, strongly coloured and opaque to give a maximum colour value.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Most Business enterprises and their likes has failed and lost focuses as a result of poor rendation of advertisiment, this means that the power of advertising an dpromotional strategies is being neglected, so many enterprises has hit the rock due to the present trend of bad economy this is the situation where an enterprise cannot afford to give all that it takes to reach to the required standard in advertising and it is through this advertising principles that the growth of the business is founded upon.

• AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

     This project report is basically focussed on testing printing on different surfaces and materials using different methods of printing techniques like the screen prints, Block prints and stencil print. This is meant to find out their effects on different kinds of papers and fabric. One oath to know that there must be a very significant   difference between a print through scree on a fabric and a screen print on a paper, this is the same with block prints and stencil. All the same, the type of ink used in achieving a good print using screen method cannot be the same with the ink which achieve a good print using block print or stencil method.

Another aim is to provide knowledge to people concerned with advertising the best approach to printing, this will enable people to know the like of the result of what they wish to achieve even before they engage in the said work.

In general this is attempted to make work easy for any advertiser and students of arts in this institution. Just the way there is colour chart for paint industries and companies, the project intend to have a chart/album for easy approach and study.

• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

     On the course of print making, there are different kinds of ink for different kinds of materials no matter the printing method or approach adopted. When one choses to print on rubber, plastics or glasses he has no need using textile/ test fast ink, rather the use of PVC, is suitable for the mentioned materials.

Tests could be carried out on numerous items or materials but I have limited my test just on few common material;s on which daily activities rest upon. Such as

• Papers of different sorts,
• Rubber / synthetic materials
• Textile materials of different sorts.

However, this test could go further on materials such like plastic, metal, glasses, wood, and leather and even on ceramic wares, these materials yield positively to prints especially when the best printing method is used with the best ink for each of the items.

 

• LIMITATION

     There were inherent limitations posed to me in the course of researching for this project report, they include the poor equipment of the school libraries with the books that should aid students of arts such like the book on prints and print making.

Time was another hindereance which really held me back from going as further as I wished to research for this printing tests.

Money is almost the major vehicle which drives us along with the activity of life and insurficient procession of money may always result to dwindling result. I had financial shortcommings during the period of carry out this assignment and that made me not to go as far as I had wished.

 

 

• DELIMITATION

     I delimited the subject matter (printing tests on different materials) to enhance my direct focus on the very relivant materials. Along the line so many relivant points and materials could have come in as the project topic but they were all left out for their unusefuness such as the kinds of colours used, and all the materials involved in carrying out the project.

 

• DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGIES

1. Silk Screen – cloth made of fine silk and specially used for screen printing, it is the material that colours pass through to perform the print.
2. Squeegee – This is a thin flat rubber with a wood handley used in forcing or pressing down colours through the silk mesh.
3. Dark room – This is a room with a very low or with lowest intensity of light that is suitable and use in exposing materials sensitive to light like films,
4. Frames – This is a wooden bar joint together to form square or rectangular shape fit to carry the silk mesh.
5. Registration – This is the impact on materials as images in the position they supposed to fall upon.
6. PVC – An oil – based printing ink suitable for prints on synthetic materials.
7. Texfast – Water – based textile ink suitable for textile materials like cotton.
8. Kerosine – It is a petroleum product which is highly inflammable and it is a bond breaker, used in disolving printing ink.
9. Printing – The act of reproducing an already made desing manually or mechanically with the use of chemicals and ink.

Roller – This is a rubber moulded bar shape, used in spreading the

 

 

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