RESULT PROCESSING SYSTEM

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
There were three fundamentally distinct education systems in Nigeria in 1990: the indigenous system, Quranic schools, and formal European-style education institutions. In the rural areas where the majority lived, children learned the skills of farming and other work, as well as the duties of adulthood, from participation in the community. This process was often supplemented by age-based schools in which groups of young boys were instructed in community responsibilities by mature men. By the 1970s, education experts were asking how the system could be integrated into the more formal schooling of the young, but the question remained unresolved by 1990. Western-style education came to Nigeria with the missionaries in the mid-nineteenth century. Although the first mission school was founded in 1843 by Methodists, it was the Anglican Church Missionary Society that pushed forward in the early 1850s to found a chain of missions and schools, followed quickly in the late 1850s by the Roman Catholics. In 1887 in what is now southern Nigeria, an education department was founded that began setting curricula requirements and administered grants to the mission societies. By 1914, when north and south were united into one colony, there were fifty-nine government and ninety-one mission primary schools in the south; all eleven secondary schools, except for King’s College in Lagos, were run by the missions.
The education system focused strongly on examinations. In 1916 Frederick Lugard, first governor of the unified colony, set up a school inspectorate. Discipline, buildings, and adequacy of teaching staff were to be inspected, but the most points given to a school’s performance went to the numbers and rankings of its examination results. This stress on examinations was still used in 1990 to judge educational results and to obtain qualifications for jobs in government and the private sector.
As more information is made available in a variety of formats and media and in a variety of locations, the need to manage information/data efficiently becomes more and more critical. Both staff and public users want access to stored information and want to access it more efficiently. It is the University Policy to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of course registration and result processing operations and services through the implementation of an integrated automated database System.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Caritas University is made up of four (4) faculties namely:
1. Engineering with the following departments: Computer, Mechanical, Chemical and Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
2. Environmental with the following departments: Architecture, Urban & Regional Planning and Estate Management.
3. Management and Social Sciences with the following departments: Accountancy, Economics, Business Administration, Public Administration, Political Science, Industrial Relation and Personnel Management, Mass Communication, Marketing, Banking and Finance.
4. Natural Sciences with the following departments: Biochemistry, Computer Science & Information Technology, Industrial Chemistry, Mathematics & Statistics and Microbiology & Biotechnology.

In Universities like Caritas, the need for automated method of keeping data has been there. Software, so many of them has been developed and even sold worldwide to solve this problem. I have analyzed these software and discovered that very many of them are inefficient. Students as well has researched and developed their own software but they could not give or develop error free software that will assist in result generation, automated course registration to keep or build a database of results in the University that will facilitate students’ transcripts.

This problem has been delaying or delayed the results of graduating or graduated students that has made some of them not to go for youth service when they ought to or ought to have gone and has even made some not to have gone at all. To bridge this gap or solve this problem, there is a need to develop software that is accurate, error free as the problem has imposed so much stress on both exams and record and the management in Universities.

Organizational Structure

Fig. 1.1 Organization Structure

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Database of information is vital in today’s education with respect to course registration and examination result processing. This has become a very vital issue as students spend so much time trying to know the number of credit units for each semester. This problem has lead to time wasting, inaccuracy of results and even open to fraud. Cases of missing results have been recorded thereby

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOFTWARE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF STUDENTS CGPA
(A CASE STUDY OF COMPUTER STUDY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT IMT ENUGU)

ABSTRACT
This project is solely based on the critical appraisal of the use of computer in result processing. The work has done with the aim of studying all the processes involved in manual processing of students result with a view of developing software that can aid in doing the job whenever the new system is introduced to the relevant department (Computer Science Department). In the course of achieving these objective relevant literatures were reviewed on the subject matter.
Based on the review, various staff under Computer Science Department of Institute of Management and Technology Enugu were marked and used for the purpose of collecting the needed data for the research work.
The methods used during the finding were oral, interviews, observation, document review. It was also done randomly. Based on the data collected the researcher find out that there was much problem encountered using manual result processing, which has been taken care of by the developed software.
CHAPTER ONE
1. Introduction
One of the largest investments in many organizations is the creation, maintenance, and retrieval of information. It has been estimated that in an organization such as a tertiary educational community, information is highly essential for correct students’ record and examination data. Student information, if not properly created and stored, will cause many errors in usage Okonigene, et al (2008). Nearly every section of the educational system requires information processing. With the use of computers for information processing, the following are possible: instant access to
students’ personal and course information, instant student information updating, automatic computation of the Grade Point Average (GPA), generation of the graduating students list, monitoring of failed courses, keeping an up-to-date
record of the entire student body in the institution, storing course information such as course code, course description, course unit, and scores for the purpose of GPA computation, and producing user-friendly data entry screens for ease of use. It is unfortunate that all educational institutions in the developing world, such as the
Universities, Colleges of Education and polytechnics in Nigeria, still operate under the manual method of record keeping and computation of GPA. The manual system employed is not very efficient, in that a lot of paper work has to be done which takes a reasonable length of time to prepare. Due to the increasing number of students in computer science department (IMT) Enugu, that has written the examination in the school, results computation of the student’s CGPA has been a very difficult task.
Therefore, because of this problems and errors arising from such a system, a software-computerized result processing system becomes inevitable; the benefits accruable from the computer-based system cannot be over emphasized.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Historically, result computation and students data record management in computer science department in the Institute of management and technology Enugu has been affected by several factors based on the current manual processing method used such as:
– Loss of vital information relating to student result/ records
– The time and labour involved in the student result computation of CGPA
– Files and records not properly kept.
– Miscalculation of students CGPA after graduation.
– Difficulties involved in searching for a specified record
– Wrong transcription and mutilations by accident or on purpose
– Information is very insure and can be accessed by the wrong persons.
– Insecurity of the result, which can be modified by unauthorized person/or access.
– Use of filing cabinets makes

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DATABASE SYSTEM FOR PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(A CASE STUDY OF DELTA HOSPITAL ONITSHA).

ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to verify all the manual processes involved in patient management system and to seek for a way of automating the system for effective operations.
Since, there is continuous moves towards technological advances that enhanced productivity of labour and free human beings of task done more economically by machines. Computer n ts applications have become indispensable vital tools in economic, industrial and social development of the advanced countries of the world. Nigeria as a developing country cannot afford to lay too far behind in this kind of revolution. Therefore there is every need to know in energy discipline the areas which attracts computerization and why they need it.
In this project, the software engineering principles were applied in the analysis, design, coding testing of software serious attention was also give to the design of the user interface.
In the development of the software, visual basic programming language was used due to its support for all the features desired. A brief user’s guide is also provided. The end result is a software that is very effective and efficient in meeting its objectives and at the same time user friendly.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Theoretical background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the study 5
1.4 Aims and objectives of the study 5
1.5 Significance of the study 6
1.6 Limitations 6
1.7 Definitions of terms 7
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 8
2.1 General review of database storage and retrieval system 8
2.2 File organization 12
2.3 Storage media 15
2.4 Database retrieval techniques 17
CHAPTER THREE
Analysis of the existing system 20
3.1 Fact finding method 21
3.2 Objectives of the existing system 22
3.3 Input, process and output analysis 22
3.4 Problems of the exiting system 24
3.5 Database flow diagram 25
3.6 Justification for New system 26
CHAPTER FOUR
Design of a New System 27
4.1 Input specification and design 27
4.2 Output specification 28
4.3 File design 29
4.4 Procedure chart 30
4.5 System flowchart 31
4.6 System requirement 32
CHAPTER FIVE
Implementation 33
5.1 Program design 33
5.2 Program flowchart 34
5.3 Pseudo code 37
CHAPTER SIX
Documentation 39
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation 41
Conclusion 42
References 43
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Database is a collection of logically related files, organized in a manner to satisfy the needs of an organization. A database is a store of data structured so that access and update can be made by different people in different ways without needs to change its design or content for this to happen, it is essential that all data items are logically related.
Database is always necessary to store date items once, because of it, input cost are lower. Duplicate letters are largely dominated thereby saving space and ensuring data consistency. Data is defined as an unprocessed facts. They are raw fact that are unprocessed. Data does not have meaning. Information are processed data through the computer, which process different type of information. Information in the computer is stored in codes. File is the collection of related filed, field is the collection of data items.
Database management system are important, because important information requirement and non-specialist need easy ways of accessing this information. Large amount of data with many types of records occurring many times in database management system. Also in database management system, complex data structures including many relationships between data items. Many organization will have many use requirement in data base management system. Organizations will also have many frequent demand for changes to be made which only unflexible database management system can cope with.
Data is viewed as a source to be shared by as many process as possible. As a result, data must be organized in a way that is flexible and adaptable to un anticipation requirements. The data which they stored in anticipation of requests, and the requests themselves. Data may be stored as references to documents, microforms or computer coded text, graphics etc. the service may be offered on a local basis or through a telecommunication network. Database system may be operated by organizations for their own benefit or offered to the public on a subscription basic. The output from database services is either a document or computer data presented, say, on a video display unit or a voice output.
The main purpose of database is to satisfy the user information needs. The way in which these needs are expressed largely determined the principles of operation of a particular database system.
Rerhaps the most straight forward request for database is when the user supplies a complete reference for a document. The job of the service then is to locate a copy of the document and deliver it to the user. This is usually referred to as document retrieved service. It may be aided by computers in compelling the index to the documents in store, and in physically locating a required document as in a computerized warehouse.
More after then not, however, database need are expressed in terms of a request for data such as, how many patient are being admitted monthly in a hospital? Or what kind of sickness of a patient? To answer such questions reference must be made to records stored either in printed form or as computer coded data. The first of there is often refered to as information retrieval, the later as database search, when the index to the printed record is computerized.
The database distribution system, with the added facility of storage at computer coded text, offer one approach to reducing, the physical size of records, and to mechanizing their search and retrieval the records unfortunately, first have to be converted into computer compatible form, and can be consulted only after reconversion via some printing or display device.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There has been this problem of too much work for the nurses in the hospital. Owing to the growing population of patient in the hospital, the nurses is faced with hips of file. At times, sorting out a particular patient file takes most a month.
Also there has been cases of missing files. Due to lack of security in the office and the poor filling system in use, the patient files at times get lost and it then becomes difficult to access the concerned patient information.
This bitter complaints and the delay in the receiving of information for the management had been the major concern and therefore has intensified the need to design a software which will go a long way in tackling these problems and at the same time helps to quicken database processing.

THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN

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ABSTRACT
Human being in his socialization history and educational period, always have tried to establish a good contacts for to share or change their knowledge, an experiences with whom anyone established easily communicate. This is a kind of feeding way of his life. It is an obsolete necessity for mentally, physically and emotionally development of human beings. As long as people have been able to write or even draw pictures-they have tried to use those skills to send messages to other people. The invention of printing and, in 20th Century, broadcasting, has enabled human being to develop new methods of communicating with people who are not face-to-face with each, in our contemporary world this necessity is already heavily eliminated by developing mass media technology: On those days all people are in contact one or two of mass media in their all day which they are very close to his way of life or his looking angle to the world or life. It is no doubt that mass media is very close and important thing in our daily life, for example, think the television or broadcasting via satellite, as if, they are one of the our family member. These developed techniques have also made it possible to communicate with very large numbers of people through a single act of writing or broadcasting very many more people than a teacher, or lecturer, could teach in a lesson or a lecture.
Communication technologies have a manipulative power and effect on the field of education in general. These technologies have been increasingly use in education and training for many years to meet different needs. This situation, increasingly use of technologies in education and training, have brought up some new disciplines, or study fields, into education filed and E-learning. Distance education is one of the newest forms of education which basically depends on these communication and information technology. As a new and modem approach to deliver instruction, distance education has been increasingly used by many corporations and organizations for both formal and non-formal education settings in Nigeria and all around the world.

ORGANISATION OF WORK
The organization of this project work three dimension which include
(i) The preliminary aspect
(ii) The Body
(iii) The bibliography index, appendix
The preliminary section, which comprises of the title page, certification, dedication, acknowledgement, abstract, table of content, and organization of the work done.
Meanwhile the body of this project comprises of:
– Chapter one, that went as far as disusing the history of the Noun; introduction of E-learning and discourse education, aims and objective of Noun scope of the study, limitation and expected outlines while chapter two; emphasis on literature review, feature of distance learning and model for Noun. Not with standing chapter three describes the organization and management, organization structure operation activities and networking and linkage mean which chapter four, to based on the design of T-learning environment for Noun; input specification and design, output specification and design procedure chart for Noun. System flow chart and system requirement. But chapter five talked about the implementation of the project, programs design, program flowchart, source code, academic program and test run of the program of project. thou chapter six lay emphasis on how at should be documented delivery format and mechanism, study centres while chapter seven describe the remediation conclusion and reference print.
– The hard section of the organization of the work is the section that describe the bibliography the appendix and the index.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one
History
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aims and objective
1.3 Scope of the study
1.4 Limitation
1.5 Expected outcome

Chapter two
Literature review
2.1 Features of distance learning
2.2 Model for noun

Chapter three
Organization of management
3.1 Organization structure
3.2 Operational activities
3.3 Networking and linkages

Chapter four
Design of e-learning environment for noun
4.1 Input specification & design
4.2 Output specification and design
4.3 Procedure chart for noun
4.4 System flow chart
4.5 System requirement

Chapter five
Implementation
5.1 Program design
5.2 Program flowchart
5.3 Source code
5.4 Academic program
5.5 Test run

Chapter six
Documentation
6.1 Delivery format and mechanism
6.2 Study centers

Chapter seven
7.1 Recommendation
7.2 Conclusion
7.3 References.

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND HISTORY OF NOUN
Since the Carly 1960’s there has been arising commitment to strengthen the delivery of education in Nigeria, this interest was born out of the desire to remedy perceived deficiencies in the colonial education strategy, which targeted only a few privileged people in selected regions of the country and was ill-tailored to the need of a newly independent Nigerian.
The cardinal goal of this commitment was to catalyses socio-economic development using education as a tool. By 1976, the quest for massification of quality education had translated.
A national policies on open and distance education has been enacted and included I as a part of the policy framework for the operation of the open and distance education delivery system in Nigeria.
By 1999 the programme evolved into more raburt scheme the program set within the global agenda of education for all EFA. Nigeria signified her commitment to the right of every citizen to unfettered access to education by being a signatory to the goals set by the world conference on education for all, (Jomlicn, march 1990), the education for all summit of the nine-high-population countries (new Delhi, December, 1993), the world education forum (Dakar, April 2000), and the F-9 Education ministerial Review meeting (Beijing, August 201), all of which assessed and emphasized the need for education for all by the year 2015.
After two decade of neglect, major institutional structures for the delivery of education have not been equipped to offer Nigerians the right of education type of education both in content and relevant for the provision of goods and services that are demand in a rapidly Globalizing economy.
The idea of an open University system for Nigeria, as a separate and distinct institution to be organized nation –wide was appropriately reflected in 1977 national policy of education, which stated emphatically and unambiguously that “maximum efforts will be made to enable those who can benefit from higher education to be given access to it. Such access may be through universities or correspondence courses or open universities, or part-time and work study programme.

INTRODUCTION
As we close the door on the 20th country and uncork the millennium we have entered the c-dccadc. The worldwide Web has given us e-commerce; a new way to sell services, products – anything. The web and the net have also increased opportunities to communicate with a large number of people, quickly and cheaply. There are plenty of e-opportunities all using new technology to grab a larger market share. May be even to produce and distribute goods and services more effectively and efficiently. We can hope!
e-commerce, e-business, e-solutions and now e-learning. What’s it all about? Are these just trendy works or do they point to new life styles and a new economy? Is e-learning just another new training technology that will be replaced by something “better’? Another favor of the month approach to training and education?
In the first few months of the new millennium, e-learning looms large. E-leaning pops up in advertisements for training and education services, conference presentations, and it seems to be quite popular marketers of technology-assisted learning products. Is e-learning just a marketing device? Or is this a new word to describe a new reality? What does it mean to add an ‘e’ to the word learning? As a result of being new and intrinsically vague, e-learning has generated different definitions. Elliott Masic, one of the leaders in the e-learning field, tells us that the ‘e’ stands for experience. The resources section on the Smart Force Web site explains that e-learning is dynamic, happens in real time, collaborative, individual, comprehensive, and it enables the enterprise. Cisco tells is that e-learning is internet enabled learning. Click2learn.com takes a wide view suggesting that e-learning refers to the creation, delivery, and management of training.
I view the moniker e-learning broadly. It represents convergent convergence in the education, training and information fields. As I sec it, the term c-learning groups together education, training and structured information delivered by computers, through the internet, or the web, or from the hard drive of the computer- or an organization’s network. This definition of e-learning includes CBT, WBT electronic performance support systems, web casts, lists serves and other discussions on the internet, threaded and unthreaded. Education, training and structured information overlap. The boundaries are not clear as the same materials are used for education, training and information dissemination. Convergence in the learning world

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
FOR A HOTEL INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF MODOTEL HOTEL, OKPARA AVENUE, ENUGU)

ABSTRACT
The importance of financial accounting is gradually being recognized as germane to prudent management of any business firm. This has necessitated the need for the computerization of structured operations of the financial managers structured operations are known with certainly for instance, the computation and decisions based on financial ratios.
This project, therefore is a case study of Modotel Hotel. It describes the computerization of the financial accounting of the hotel as packaged for its clients. Thus this study gives a detailed methods for the development of an optimal financial database for hotel industry as well as the software required for the computation and tabulation of different financial ratios.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK
This work is sub-divided into seven chapters, starting with chapter one, chapter one shows the problem and its setting. Purpose of study, aims and objectives, scope and limitation assumptions and definition of terms.
The second chapter deals with literature review. Third chapter was concerned with description and analysis of existing system.
Chapter four was concerned with the design of the new system, system specification and information requirement of new system.
Chapter five deals with implementation of the system, sixth chapter deals with documentation, which is more or less, like a manual for the program.
Finally, the seventh chapter dealt summary, conclusion and recommendations.
The project work also have references for further study.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1.3 DELIMITATION OF SCOPE
1.4 LIMITATION
1.5 ASSUMPTION
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
3.1 FACT FINDING METHODS
3.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
3.4 INPUT, PROCESS AND OUTPUT ANALYSIS
3.5 INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM
3.6 PROBLEM OF THE EXISING SYSTEM
3.7 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE NEW SYSTEM

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM
4.1 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
4.2 INPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
4.3 FILE DESING
4.4 SYSTEM FLOWCHART
4.5 PROCEDURE CHART
4.6 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 PROGRAM DESIGN
5.2 PROGRAM FLOW CHART
5.3 PSEUDO CODES
5.4 SOURCE PROGRAM
5.5 TEST RUN

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 DOCUMENTATION

CHAPTER SEVEN
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Finance is the life wire of any business organization. It is required for the execution of production, sales and administration of a business operation. As a discipline, finance is concerned with the acquisition and administration of the use of the firms funds as well as profit planning and control financial analysis is inevitable for the effective planning and control of any firm.
To effectively plan for the future, the financial manager should be able to asses the financial position of the firm and relates this to its confronting investment opportunities. Since funds are scarce, financial analysis helps the financial manager to assess the returns on investment accruing from ploughing the firms assets and thereby efficiently allocate resources.
However, financial accounting is the employment of the firms balance sheet and income statement to establish some relationship between one figute and another in order to highlight the strengths and weakness of the concerned business. The balance sheet of a firm is also called the financial position because it shows the position of the business in monetary term at a given point in time while the income statement show how the position depicted by the balance sheet has been attained. The results of financial analysis are normally expressed as financial ratios which could be broadly classified as liquidity, leverage, activity and profit ratio. The suppliers of the firm’s funds and the investing public are usually interested in these ratios. But the nature of interest expressed on the firm determines the ratios to be emphasized by each concerned parts. This implies that different people emphasize on different ratios and as a result financial analysis means different thing to different people.
For instance, creditors are interested on those ratios which measure the ability of the form to service their debts and pay the principal as and when due while the equity owners are interested on the profitability ratios. The financial manager occupies a unique position in the firm as he should be able to computer interpret and explain these ratios to various interest groups in the firm when the firm requires funds from outside sources, the financial manager should be able to use the relevant ratio to convince investors to supply their funds. Also the financial manager should be able to justify the reasonableness of some investment or project being under taken by management before the shareholders.
However, the cost involved in the employment of a financial manager makes it mandatory for small-scale companies to engage the services of a financial consultants. The increased use of high-speed computers in various facets of business should popularize the use of financial ratios in business decision. This is because computer would provide the necessary equipment to handle problems associated with voluminous maze of financial data due to lack of time or more.
This study therefore, aims at the development of a data base for financial statements and a set of programs to computer, store and retrieve various financial ratios for some companies.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The Nigeria companies act of 1968 stipulate that all registered companies in Nigeria should file their audited annual balance sheet this will guide the investors in the development of the funds and to provide basis for company taxation. But there are some problems facing the financial accounting of any hotel. These problems includes:-
1. Illegal use of money cards – some managers has taken the privilege of using both credit and debit cards to steal companies money and some do not know how to use this cards thereby causing problems to the hotels.
2. One of the major loopholes of an un-computerized financial accounting system is its ability to fraud a company. This poses a problem to the management of a hotel.
3. Some companies employ inexperienced managers who are not professionals in the field of computing and this will restrict the objectives of the