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library and info. project material sample

Evaluation of technical services

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Evaluation of technical services

In abia state central library board, umuahia.

Abstract

This study is on the evaluation of technical services in abia state central library board, umuahia. The study is divided into five (5) chapters. Chapter 1: it deals with the introduction/background of study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, definition of terms. Chapter 2: literature review, in this chapter, the researcher presents the materials which he uses/consulted in enlightening some of the points and information in the study. Chapter 3: research methodology, design of the study, area of study, population, sample and sample techniques, instrumentation (instrument for data collection), validity of instrument, instrument for data collection, distribution and retrieval of the instrument, data analysis techniques. Chapter 4: presentation and data/findings, data analysis interpretation/discussion of findings. Chapter 5: summary, conclusion, recommendation.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   Introduction/Background of the study –      1

1.2   Statement of the study  –      –      –      –      7

1.3   Objectives of the study  –      –      –      –      9

1.4   Scope of the study –      –      –      –      –      10

1.5   Significant of the study –      –      –      –      -11

1.6a. Research Questions –   –      –      –      –      12

1.6b. Statement of Hypothesis –   –      –      –      13

1.7   Definition of terms-       –      –      –      –      –      14

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   Literature Review – –      –      –      –      –      16

2.2   Selection  –    –      –      –      –      –      –      17

2.3   Acquisition  –  –      –      –      –      –      –      19

2.4   Acquisition Policy –        –      –      –      –      –      22

2.5   Cataloguing – –      –      –      –      –      –      24

2.6   Classification –       –      –      –      –      –      27

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   Research Methodology – –      –      –      –      31

  • Design of the study – –      –      –      –      31
  • Area of study – –      –      –      –      –      –      32
  • Population –   –      –      –      –      –      –      33
  • Sample and sampling technique – – –      33

3.5.1 Instrumentation   –      –      –      –      –      34

3.5.2 Validity of instrument- –      –      –      –      34

5.5.3 Reliability of the instrument –     –      –      35

3.6   Instrument for data collection      –      –      35

3.7    Distribution and Retrieval of the instrument      36

3.8   Data analysis technique –     –      –      –      36

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Presentation and Data Findings – – –      37
  • Data analysis interpretation/Discussion of finding – – –      –      –      –      –      –      37

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

  • Summary – –      –      –      –      –      –      48
  • Conclusion – –      –      –      –      –      –      50
  • Recommendations – –      –      –      –      50

References –    –      –      –      –      –      –      52

Appendix –      –      –      –      –      –      –      55

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1  INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Evaluation according to BBC English Dictionary is decision about significant or valuable something is, based on a careful study of its good and bad features. Evaluation of technical services means to appraise or analyze the processes a library material should undergo right from acquisition until the material finally appear on the shelf for use.

This project evaluates the technical services of technical service division of Abia state library board. Before delving into the actual project, it is important to explain with library is. According to Okorie (1964:101)

 

Libraries are usually those, whether municipal, country, regional or national, which are supported by public funds and open to the general library board.

 

According to Uba (1973:163) the term “technical services” in library parlance appears to have tow connotations. Viewed from the stand point of reference services which industries and technical libraries offers to their users, on the other hand, it mans the other work of the technical processing department of libraries-that is, cataloguing and classification and allied processes. Technical services therefore, refer to all the activities and processes concern with selecting, obtaining, organizing and processing of acquired library materials in the library. It is to achieve this end in the economic way that technical processing which according to him, is a means to an end service because cataloguing and classification provide the tools without which information services is impossible. In libraries, the handling of technical services is always the sole responsibility of the technical department. According to Harrod [1971] technical services is a department of a library where the function of a book acquisition, cataloguing, classification and processing are carried out.

Technical services department in any library is usually referred to as “behind the screen” department because most of their activities are carried out of sight of regular users of the library. Usually, the department is made up of the cataloguing section, acquisition section, serial section and bindery section. The cataloguing section’s function is to organize the total library resources by it clientele.

The traditional means for accomplishing this goal are descriptive cataloguing, subject cataloguing and classification.

This assignment required effective records preparation with all reasonable economy.

The acquisition section’s function is to purchase expedition and from the most advantageous vendors the material chosen or selected, to process materials pre-cataloguing] otherwise procured, and to forward promptly and to the proper places all materials acquired. This large business operation must be forwarded economically. The economy involves the selection of agents, methods purchasing, treatment of return, and sale of discards. Although, foremost is budget expense control.    Technical services activities require the effort of a large potion of library staff and budget, and it is the “life wire” of any library.

The serial section’s function is subscribing various journals for the use of the clientele. The various journals subscribed to the library are selected, ordered, received and processed by the serial section.

The function of bindery section is to provide suitable protection for each item added to the collection and to take action, and also to per-serve it for the use of the future generation.

Harrod [1971:524] also defined it as “A library provided wholly or partly from public funds, and the user of which is not restricted to any class of person in the community but it freely available to all.

Libraries are usually established by either the local, state or federal government to serve the information needs of the community in which it located by providing materials both books and non-book materials. However, the library does not exist for formal education alone. It exist and must cater for the class of people who are general readers and those who go to the library for recreation. Unfortunately, in Africa, Nigeria to be3 precise, public libraries are not properly funded and are under used. In the wards of Oyedeji [1975:159]. The libraries that exist are for the moment, mostly glorified classrooms and reading shelters for exam-hungry school boys and girls who pay little attention, which some of the libraries offer. It is the basic of this laxity in the use of the library that the researcher decided to carry this research to find out the reasons why libraries are under used. The researcher however, chooses the technical services aspects of the problem with the Abia state library as her case study, while she leaves the other aspect of the problems for others to conduct future research on them. As earlier said in this topic, the library is establish to provide both book and non-book materials, and services that will in the present and in the future contribute to the aims and objectives of the library.

 

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Abia as a state has some problems to consider economic bedrock, one of the most populated industrialized and civilized state in Nigeria. According to Smith (978: 2) the researcher trends some of its development, it thus become of interest to her especially of the technical services of the Abia State Library Board in the organization of its resources for effective dissemination of information to meet the varied need of its numerous clientele.

However, the researcher before going into the research envisaged some outstanding that may be glaring, ad these problems are:

  1. Inadequate acquisition of materials.
  2. Lack of adequate budgeting allocation
  • Lack of qualified cataloguers
  1. Lack of the correct number and types of staff to achieved its set objectives.
  2. Lack of library co-operation in technical processes.
  3. Poor/lack of binding services.
  • Lack of well written selection policy
  • Lack of effective user education/orientation on the use of the catalogue.
  1. Technical services department are policy equipped tools.

 

  • OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of this study have summarized under the following.

  1. To evaluate the technical services of Abia State Library Board
  2. To survey the organization of the technical department of the Abia State Library.
  3. To find out the problems that hinder the effective technical services of the Abia State Library Board and to offer suggestions on how best to arrest the situation.
  4. To highlight the roles expected of a technical services department of a standard library.
  5. To find out the general staffing position of the technical services of library.
  6. To evaluate specifically the importance of the catalogue, its adequacy as a finding tool to the patrons and its users.

 

  • SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project is limited to the study of technical services of Abia State Library Board.

There are some aspect of the problem facing technical services in a public library, which the researcher would have cared to investigate and finding possible solution to them, but acting director was first appointed the acting director of Abia State Library services following the recommendation of the Board, members to the ministry of education. On assumption of office, he immediately recalled to the headquarters the only cataloguer of the library in the person of Mr. James E. Nwosu from one of our out station libraries where he served for effectiveness of the technical services department of the library.

 

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researcher discovered that organization of resources in libraries is regrettably too inadequate. To this end, the significance of the study is to bring to awareness, some of these lapses in technical services using in Abia State Library Board as a case study since this is the most challenging aspect of librarianship and library services to the people, and suggesting ways to correcting these lapses and finally contribute to the frontiers of knowledge in this field.

Students of librarianship as well as professional libraries and library staff will definitely find this work valuable for both professional and organization efficiency even the general public.

 

  • A) RESEARCH QUESTIONS
  1. How adequate is the budgetary allocation of the technical services department?
  2. Does the technical services department process books and non-book materials acquired by the library?
  3. Do you have enough professional cataloguers in the technical services?
  4. Does the library keep a written selection policy?
  5. What are the effects of inadequate supply of library materials?
  6. What level cataloguing description does your library use?

 

1.6  B)    STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

  1. The technical section of the library is not in good condition because of inadequate financial investment on the section.
  2. The technical section do not make use of classification scheme due to lack of fund.

 

 

  • DEFINITION OF TERMS                 

Let us therefore define the following operational terms so that they will mean the same thing to different people at different times.

Evaluation:    This is decision about how significant or valuable something is, based on a careful study of its good and bad.

Library Material: The term is used to refer to a collection of books and other materials keep reading, studying and consultation.

Technical Services: An umbrella term which takes care of all the process a library material should undergo right from acquisition until the material finally appear on the shelf for use.

Library:          It is a place where books, journals, microfilms, audio and visual materials and computer data and terminals are kept and organized to support the cultural, information, recreational and educational needs of the general public or specific groups of users.

 

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

library and info. project material sample

A bibliographic survey on types of libraries in nigeria (2004 – 2010)

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A bibliographic survey on types of libraries in nigeria (2004 – 2010)

 

Table of Content

Entries    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      1

Author Index  –      –      –      –      –      –      –      49

Chronological Index       –      –      –      –      –      61

Source Index –        –      –      –      –      –      –      –      63

Subject Index –      –      –      –      –      –      –      67

Introduction

The roget’s the saurus has listed the following as related to library.

  1. Book depository
  2. Information center
  3. Country library
  4. Lending library
  5. National library
  6. Circuiting library
  7. Municipal library
  8. Public library
  9. Special library
  10. Rental library
  11. Private library
  12. Learning center
  13. State library

Library: is define as the collection of written printed or other graphic or visual material organized and maintained for reading, studying and consultation.

It is also define as a collection of books, pamphlet, etc. Kept for reading and consultation; especially, such a collection anged to facilitate reference as by classification and indexing.

You can also say that a library is a place where books are professionally organized, center of information and knowledge

Library is a place where every human went for their own to research on topics and also to educate their brains.

Library is basically concerned with the provision of reading and learning facilities irrespection of age or discipline and administration. The role of the library has changed over the years, consequently. Some definitions do not suit the concept and role of modern libraries.

For this modern definition of library is defines as the collection of books and non-books materials housed, organized and unterpreted to meet the broad an varying needs for people for information, knowledge, recreation and cultural enjoyment.

 

Types of libraries

There are different types of libraries.

  1. School library
  2. Academic library
  3. Special library
  4. Public library
  5. Primate library
  6. Mobile library

 

School library

A school library can be defined as an organized collection of print and non-print materials kept in a school for the use of both pupils and teachers but mainly for pupils. This types of libraries are established in primary and secondary schools whose collections are mainly for the young..

 

Academic libraries

These are libraries established in institutions of higher learning, which include universities, polytechnics college of education, college of technologies and other related institutions. An academic library is established as an integral part of the institution aimed as agent for the transmission of the scholarship of the society it also tries to satisfy the basic information and bibliographic needs of student and lecturers in their general and special intellectual field.

 

Special libraries          

A special library is a library set up by an organization to promote the organizational objectives with collections limited to the subjects covered by the organization.

It is assigned the mission of acquiring, organizing and providing access to information and knowledge so as to further the objectives are aspiration of the parent organization.

It is expected to select, procure, store, retrieve and disseminate information relating to the special field of the parent organization. Special libraries are special in their users, users who an professionally oriented and research based.

 

Public libraries       

A public library can be defined as a library established in a town or city which is maintained from public fund and is generally available free of charge to the public. Its collection tends to spen all field of knowledge include a good provision for children.

Public library may serve the general public or special categories of public which as children, members of armed forces, hospital, patients, prisoners worker and so on.

Its aim is to serve the general public.

 

National libraries

These are libraries owned and financed by the national government of a country, charged with the function of acquiring, assembling and preserving for use material of knowledge previously recorded in whatever from for the present and future generations.

The national library of any country is the mother library, the apex library and a peace-maker in library development and services.

It is the library of the highest standing and the symbol of intellectual resources of the nation. It is the legal deposit library, which performed the function of publication of the national bibliography of the country it serves. It assign the international standard book number (isbn) and international standard serial number (issn) to the country publishers. It also adopts international rules for bibliographic description and disseminates to sum-some to other. Libraries in the country via conference and seminars which it organizes.

 

Private libraries

These are libraries that are prillately owned, and not opened for public use.

Also that can by use by an individual at his/her home.

 

Mobile library

These are movable libraries that can serve the people or public located in remote areas where there are no plans of establishing a library, usually it is being set up in trucks with open space at the back so that its clienteles whom are mostly villagers, will find it easy to retrieve the materials of their choice, these library, usually moves from one village to the other.

 

History of libraries in nigeria

Like the art of writing originated in the tropical and sub-tropical land of africa and asia.

It is known that the art of writing was first started in what is now western pakistan and in the valley of river in dus approximately 7,00 years ago. From there it was probably carried to samaria and egypt. It was in samaria (modern iraq) that the first libraries were established.

A library containing over 50,000 clay tablets existed in suppara about six thousand years ago. There were in this city at the time a temple dedicated to sun – god and school facing the temple and there were libraries in each of the building.

However, in nigeria, during the second world war reading rooms were setup all over the northern nigeria to serve as public information centres.

Finally, in 1852, a regional library was established in kaduna as a division of ministry of education to help the native authorities develop the reading rooms into public library became a division of ministry of information.

 

Importance of libraries

To inform citizen: there is no gain doubting that democracy and libraries have a symbolic relationship. Libraries make democracy work by providing access to information so that citizen can make decision necessary to give themselves. Also library, especially the public ones make knowledge and ideas available to all irrespective of age, race, creed, sex and economic status. Break down boundaries. Library got rid of the fence that obstruct our visions and abilities of inter-communication, association and self education. Public libraries provides free, family literacy programme for low literate, illiterate and non-english-speaking people. However, in the value of individual, library door are open for indepent thinking without pre judgment. Collection in libraries gives access to historical, cultural and political facts that are necessary to foster spirit of exploration.

Finally, another important of library is that it preserve the past. Library keeps records as ready reference for all humanity of the past.

 The entries of this bibliography were compiled under the following subject: –

  1. Information center
  2. Learning Center
  3. National Library
  4. Private Library

 

INFORMATION CENTER

A

  1. Abduul, M. (2004). “The role of Libraries in the Dissemination of Scientific and Technological Information for national Development. Kano State Library Board Newsletters. 6 (4): 11-13.

 

  1. Adeoti, V.F. (2004). Tools for Library and Information Services delivery in the public library of the new millennium. A paper presented at the annual conference of NLA held at Chelsea Hotel, Abuja, June, 25-30.

 

  1. Ajala, B. (2004). The new information retrieval media and the challenges of Nigerian libraries Africa Journal o Library achieves and information science. 2(1): 42.
  2. Ajidahum, C.O. (2004). The Statement of Information technology in Nigeria University The Nigerian Library Link. 11(2): 22-26.

 

  1. Anderso, B. (2006). School Libraries as an Information Centre. International Association of School Librarianship.

 

  1. Annobi, C.U. (2001). Towards University Library support for Cyber-education. A Journal of Language and Librarianship. 1(3): 17-25.

 

  1. Atinmo, M.L. (2006). Public and School Library services to the Physically Handicapped in Nigeria: An Evaluation. The Journal of International Library Review. 1(3): 441-445.

 

 

 

 

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

library and info. project material sample

Bibliographic survey on academic staff union of polytechnic (asup) strike in nigeria

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Bibliographic survey on academic staff union of polytechnic (asup) strike in nigeria  

Table of content                                           9

Breakdown                                                         10

Bibliography entries                                    1

Author index                                               5

Chronological index                                     6

Source index                                               7

Subject index                                              8

Introduction

Down through the ages, education has always been at the force front of human existence, which entails that without education in this 21st century, its really going to be hard for the youths to make through for a better future.

according to longman dictionary “ education” can be define as the process of teaching and learning usually at school, collage or university, polytechnics on its own is an edifice of teaching and learning.

strike also was define as a situation whereby a groups of workers stop working for a period of time because they want a better pay or better working conditions. The 2011-2014 academic staff union of polytechnics (asup) strike was taken upon because the conditions which they expected the federal government to work on so as to enhance teaching in the various polytechnics in the country was overlooked and not paid attention to by the government.

Preface

This compilation on the (2011-2014) academic staff union of polytechnic (asup) strike was embarked by the compiler to enable the public most especially the comprisation of students, lecturers, working class personnel’s and other prestigious people in the country to have an insight about the various problems affecting the standard of education in our country.

this research work on the asup strike will serve as a guide and a pointer to the details of information available on the present reasons why strike was being taken upon or why it has always been used as the last resort to end educational problems both by the students and staffs. It will also serve as a reading list for consultation by students in higher institution of learning.

also, it will be of good benefit to librarians, professionals, information scientists etc. In the acquisition of available information on the past and present asup strikes.

Breakdown of the asup strike

  1. Preparation/embarking
  2. Appeal
  3. Resolution
  4. Violence
  5. Direct action.

 

Definition of breakdown

  • Preparation/embarking: according to longman dictionary, these two subjects can be used to ascertain/ talk about something starting now. It means starting something new for any reason.
  • Appeal: oxford learner’s dictionary also defines an appeal as an urgent public request regarding a particular matter.
  • Resolution: the dictionary stands firmly to define this as an act and behaviour of being resolution. Therefore, being resolute also is defined to mean being determined not to change what you are doing because you are sure that you are right.
  • Violence: this can be define as an act of being violent in the oxford learners dictionary, being violent/an act of violence can be define as involving actions that are in tended to injure or kill people or are likely to hurt them too.
  • Direction: this can be define as a way of taking or involving major steps and particular decisions either to enhance or effect the present situation being faced at hand.

 

 

 


 

 bibliographic entries

Preparation/embarking

  1. 2013. The asuu, asup strike. Daily sun. 9th july. P. 9.
  2. Adesuole, dayo, 2013. Asup may resume strike, unless. Vanguard. 18th P.12.
  3. Ojiego, nnemdi. 2013. Asup: is strike still the best option. Vanguard. 9th P.10.
  4. Chukwuka, chinedu. 2012. Asup strike: why has the press forsaken us? Daily sun. 9th P.33.
  5. Ekpunobi, dom. 2011. Unizik alumni chairman appeals to striking poly lectures. Daily sun. 8th P.48.

 

Resolution

  1. Onwudinso, emeka. 2013. Stop paying lop service to polytechnic education asup tells fg. Daily sun. 9th P.36.
  2. Adesulu, dayo. 2013. Asup, asuu strikes ground varsities polytechnics. Vanguard. 4th P.12.
  3. Madukwe, bartholomew. 2013. Strike: asup remains adamant says no going back on demands. Vanguard. 2nd P.11.

 

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library and info. project material sample

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY IN NIGERIA

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DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY IN NIGERIA WITH REFERENCE TO IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY, OWERRI

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This project is on the development of public libraries in Nigeria with reference to the Imo Central Library, Owerri. Chapter one of this work traces the history of public Library development in Imo State starting from the days of the eastern Nigeria Library Board which serried as a platform for the establishment of the Imo State Central Library Owerri. Chapter two highlights the roles which a public Library can play in the society in it’s capacity as an agency of education, information, culture, recreation and asthetic appreciation. Services rendered by public Libraries were mentioned, such services includes reference services, circulations of materials, local collections development, display and exhibition, etc. problems militating against public Library development in the state were also highlighted in this chapter. Three methods of data collection were used in this project. Three methods of data collection were used in this project. These include: oral interview, examination of the Libraries records and the questionnaire made. Through these methods the researcher collected relevant data for this project work. In chapter five, findings were made from investigation carried act about the Library from these findings, the researcher therefore made a number of recommendations which he hoped will develop in Imo State.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background to the study
  • Statement of problems
  • Objective of the study
  • Research Question
  • Scope of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Population of the study

CHAPTER TWO

  • Literature Reviews
  • The Public Library as an agency of education
  • The public Library as an agency for information
  • The public Library as an agency for rural extension
  • The public Library as an agency for manpower development.
  • The public library as a culture agency.
  • Public library: an agency for aesthetic appreciation
  • Public library: Agency for recreation
  • Services Rendered by the public library.
  • Circulation of material
  • Reference services
  • User Instrument / Education
  • Local Collection Development
  • Display and current awareness services
  • Clientele
  • Functions of public libraries
  • How public library is funded
  • Problems militating against public library development.

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research method
  • Oral Interview
  • Records and Report
  • Questionnaire

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Data Analysis and Interpretation
  • Oral Interview
  • Questionnaire method

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary of finding and conclusion

5.1     Findings conclusion

5.2     Conclusion

References

Appendix 1

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

In this modern world of information explosion the society is always in need of information agencies strive to meet this information need. Numerous definitions have been given to the term library, one of such definitions are contained in the encyclopedia Britannica (vol.22, 1988) state that “a library is a collection of written, printed or other graphic or visual materials (including files, photographs, tapes, phonograph records, video discs, microforms and computer programmes) organized and maintained for reading, study and consultation. Another definition of library is from the websters New York World Dictionary (1991) which states hat “library is a room or building where a collection of books, periodicals etc are kept for reading and reference” collier’s encyclopedia (vol.14,1990) defines the “library as collection of graphic materials, books, films, magazines, maps manuscripts, organized for use” while majority of people take a library to be a place where books are kept. These views of people about the library is not satisfactory.

Therefore, the definition of a library to be accepted by all should be the one given by Agbodike 1995 in a lecture delivered, “ A library is a collection of records of human culture in print or non-print information providing materials, or book and non-book materials, house, preserved, organized, interpreted and managed by professional librarians or clientele for information, knowledge, education, research, recreation and aesthetic appreciation and cultural enjoyment. The definition which unites the library to book alone is incomplete for there are many other forms of recorded knowledge such as tapes, firms, microfilms, microfishes, video tapes and projectors contained in the holdings of libraries. Commenting on the changing roles of the library, the father of librarianship, Melvin, Dewy (1906) stated that the library has lost it’s etymologic meaning and means not a collection of books but the central agency for disseminating information, innocent recreation or best of all, inspiration among the people.

From the definition given above, the three components of a library are books, staff and building. A library cannot exist without books or a qualified institution called a library without a building, as well as adequate finance to run and maintain it. There are different types of libraries performing different functions aimed at satisfying their various patrons. These includes: school, academic, special national and public libraries. School libraries are libraries located in primary and secondary schools. They support and enrich the educational programmes in the schools in which they are located.

Academic libraries are libraries located in institutions of high learning while special libraries are those established in companies, organizations, government department and research institutions. This type of library satisfy the needs of subject specialists and researchers. The National Library of a country is the one responsible for collecting and conserving the whole of that county’s book production for the benefit of further generations. It is the chief depository of the national arts and culture.

Public libraries are libraries built for the general public. They are supervised, financed and supported them by the state or local government of a country. According to the New encyclopedia (vol. 22, 973) “public libraries are acknowledged to be an indispensable point of community life as promoters of libraries providers of a wide range of reading for all ages, and centres for community information services”. Public libraries are established by state law supported from the general public funds and administered for the benefit of the citizens of the town, city, or region which maintains it on the basis of equal access to all, whether they are artisans, or professionals. It does not discriminate as it’s doors are open to all classes of people.

The American library Association (1967), in one of its publications, stated the functions of public libraries. Again, at the seminar in library management, organized by the University of Ibadan and the British council (1970), it was considered that the public library should provide printed and audio-visual materials to meet the individual and group needs of its community for information, self realization, recreation and culture growth and for assistance in campaign out their duties are citizens and members of the community.

1.1.1  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY OWERRI.

The Imo State Library Board came into existence with the creation of Imo and Anambra state. Despite the creation of the Imo state out of the former east central state, both continued to maintain a central library services under the east central state library board until September, 1976, when the library staff of Imo State origin had to be transferred to Owerri to establish the administrative headquarters of the present Imo State library Board. At the same time, the assets and liabilities of the former east central state were shared. The movement of staff to Owerri created accommodation problems. Most of the junior staff occupied the uncompleted library building as their residence and worked very hard to see that the library was opened early for services.

1.1.2  IMO STATE LIBRARY BOARD:

The Imo State Library Board was actually set up by edict N0. 12 of the Imo State library Board edict 1977. The edict state: “There is hereby established a board to be known as the Imo state library Board. The Board shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal and with power to sue and be sued in its corporate name”. The edict which set up the Imo state library  board had made it an animate body can sue and be sued in its corporate name.

The services of the board are supplemented by the divisional libraries at Aba, Abriba, Umuahia (now in Abia state), Orlu and Mbano. The Board started it’s operation with the sum of five hundred and forty thousand, eight hundred and thirty-two naira (540,832.00) for the financial year 1976 and 1977 with six catalogue cabinets, catalogue cards, some metal filing cabinets and few type writers. In addition to this, the state government provided the sum of five hundred thousand naira to cover its capital expenditure. Anambra and Imo state share a considerable quantity of new books which had not been allocated prior to the creation of state.

1.1.3  APPOINTMENT OF THE BOARD

The Imo State library Board was appointment on 10th November, 1976. Its member were Professor A.O. Anya as chairman and seven members namely, professor, D.I. Nwoga, Dr. Eze Ogueri, Miss. Gloria I. Ofor, Mazi F. Nwosu Ezi, Mrs. R. Umelo, the permanent secretary, ministry of education and information (Mr. N.C. Okonkwo), or his representative and the director of library services. It held its first meetings on December 17th 1976 and it was addressed by the then honourable commissioner for education and information (Dr. M.A Nwachukwu), on 14th January 1977. The Board held three meetings altogether during the period under review.

The board relationship with the press has been most cordial and added to this is the Boards’ determination to provide adequate public library facilities for the state. It will not be satisfied until every major centre of the community in the state particularly the headquarters of the local government areas have been provided with effective public library services.

1.1.4  OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE CENTAL LIBRARY OWERRI

The state central library, Owerri was officially opened to the public on 12th November 1976 by then military governor of Imo state (His Excellency, commander Godwin Ndubuisi Kanu). The ceremony was witnessed by nearly five hundred guest including state commissioners, high ranking government officials, representative of various business concerns, banking and public affairs, and representatives from various local government areas in the state. The building of the library was designed to accommodate eight five thousand volumes of books, but it was opened with a book stock of about twelve thousand. On the ground floor, the building houses the children’s library, acquisition and cataloguing departments as well as an auditorium to sit some hundred persons, the mobile library garage and loading bag. The first floor contain a reference library and he adult reading library, the administration wing of the library which is behind the ground floor, contains the general office and accounts section while the first floor of the wing accommodates offices for the director and other personnel staff.

THE IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY IS MADE UP OF THESE SECTIONS: CHILDREN’S SECTION ADULT LENDING SECTION TECHNICAL SERVICES  SECTION ACQUISITION SECTION NIGERIANA

SECTION

CHILDREN’S SECTION: The section started with a total of five hundred and three children, two hundred and fifty were makes and two hundred and fifty-three were females. These number has increased by much since then. A total number of five thousand seven hundred and fifty six books were issued in the same period, two thousand five hundred and thirty-two books were non-fiction. A number of writings with African and Nigeria background have been acquired for the children. Journals were also acquired for them.

ADULT LENDING SECTION: This section started with six thousand five hundred books and by 1977 the book stock had increased to then thousand six hundred books. The section does not had adequate fiction books in its holdings. But effort were made to improve the situation. The non-fiction holdings are improving every body. The number of non-fiction books borrowed was five thousand and twenty-six, out of this numbers, two thousand were borrowed by males while two thousand five hundred books were borrowed by females.

In 1977, there was an increase in borrowing of books by both sexes. The library has now a collection which reflects a wider range of fields.

TECHNICAL SERVICES SECTION: This section initially experience problem brought about by lack of tools and equipment and the task of processing books for the library, many unprocessed books were transferred to Owerri, form Enugu, and this created a lot of problems by sorting out the unnecessary materials accessioned, catalogued and shelve them and required. Before the creation of acquisition section, about four hundred and eighty-three children’s books and two thousand three hundred and nine-teen adult books had been accessioned and catalogued in the section. Four thousand materials are processed for Owerri, two thousand two hundred and twenty eight for Umuahia divisional library, one thousand six hundred and sixty for Aba and three hundred and seventy eight for Abriba divisional library respectively, (of which are now in Abia state).

ACQUISIITON SECTION: The acquisition department was not established as a separate section as soon as the library came down from Enugu. It was rather separated from the cataloguing division in February 1977. The acquisition policy of the Imo state library board states that: All books selected either by individuals, libraries or by a group should be passed to the acquisition department for pre-order searching. No blanket orders should be given to any vendor except in respect of annuals, in case of reference books only two copies of a title should be allocated to each library but not more than eight copies”.

With the creation of the section, acquisition duties have been streamlined and co-ordinated and co-ordinated with other sections of the services. The staffing of this section began with a librarian and typist. It was later joined by two library assistants. The secretaries performances ahs been satisfactions. The sections has been satisfactory. Its accessioned materials have virtually field up the shelves. According to records, some thirteen thousand seven hundred and four books were accessioned in the section while nine thousand six hundred and thirty-eight items on order were outstanding. Out of the thirteen thousand seven hundred and four accessioned book, seven thousand nine hundred and ninety seven were adult books while five thousand seven hundred and seven were juvenile.

NIGERIANA SECTION: This section consist mainly of Nigerian publications. The stock covers a total of one thousand three hundred and eight volume comprising serials, magazine and newspapers. Because of economic problems, not all books are purchased. The works of staff of this section include keeping the vertical files and writing of captions, it operates between 9:00am to 3:30pm. However, there are some accommodation problems being experienced in this sector.

SERVICES: The role played by the Nigerian section of the Imo Central library is separates from the purpose for which it was set up. The offer direct services which include personnel assistance given to readers in pursuit of information, the department and the character of such services very with the type of user it is designed to serve. They supply information based in bibliographic search.

It also provides indirect services, this makes it possible for user to have access to information. In this kind of services bibliographic are preferred which help the user in searching and retracing of the document which they use.

EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: The opening of he state central library, Owerri attracted lots of favourable comments from all and surrounding several visitors and student’s excursion groups visited the library and outstanding among them being:

(a)     Two groups of class five students from federal Girls Secondary School, Owerri, were introduced to the public service department (adult circulation and reference section of the library).

(b)     The press Club of the Community Secondary School Umuaka-Orlu were conducted round the library with a brief talk on the Boards Services.

(c)      Teacher librarian, the Imo and Anambra State join seminar in school libraries held in Owerri from 22 to 27th March, 1977.

1.1.5  BRANCH LIBRARIES OF THE IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY

The libraries were established to carryout library development in the rural areas of the state. These libraries include: Mbano Branch commissioned by Dr. Raymond Ofoegbu, the then Imo State Commissioner for information, youths, sports and culture. The library is located at Mbano Local Government Headquarters. There is also the Aboh Mbaise and Orlu libraries. The divisional library was established on 14th December, 1981.

1.1.6  FUNCTIONS OF IMO STATE LIBRARY BOARD:

a        To establish, equip and maintain the state central library and its branches in any part of the state.

  1. To provide assistance to other persons in the organization of libraries.
  2. To make recommendations and give advice on library development or organization to any department of local government area in the state.

d        To make the facilities of the state library system available to members of the public and undertake bibliographic services in the state.

e        To establish and maintain the library’s mobile services

 

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

a        Public libraries in Nigerian are confronted with a lot of problems. For instances they do not have enough information sources for the different categories of users.

b        The do not have enough space for accommodating the users.

c        Consequently, many users complain of their inability to satisfy various information needs.

d        Some public libraries in Nigeria operate without essential facilities like photocopying machines and toilet facilities.

e        There is also the problem of trained staff.

f        To find out the basis reason of establishing the Imo State library Board.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

a        The objective of the study is to trace history of public library development in Imo State.

b        By tracing the history, the study also aims at identifying factors and situation that have either contributed to public library development in Imo state or retorted their rate of development.

c        The study also aims at ceiling the attention of policy makers to the need for a speedy development of public libraries in the state.

1.4     Researcher asked a number of questions with which he hopes to find answers to problems posed by the study: these include:

 

a        Is the library adequately stocked with source of information

b        Are there facilities provided by the library headquarters?

c        Is the library staffed with well drained personnel?

d        As a public library, what roles does it play in the society?

e        What are the problems imitating against its proper development?

 

1.5     SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

a        This project ahs a historical overviews and would therefore cover issues of public library development starting from the Eastern region library days to the present Imo state.

b        Lack of time and finance would not allow for an exhaustive survey of this study thereby limiting it to the establishment and development t of the Imo state central library, Owerri only, among other public libraries in the state

1.6     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:

a        This project will be of great benefit to students especially those in the library and information science department.

b        The study will also be of great value to researchers who are entered in the area of public library development in Imo state.

c        Government authority who are desirous of establishing public in their states will also find this work beneficial.

1.7     POPULATION:

          The researcher sampled about fifty users and the staff of the Imo state central library Owerri, for data collection.

 

 

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COMPILATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY ON POULTRY IN NIGERIA; 2010-2015

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COMPILATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY ON POULTRY IN

 NIGERIA; 2010-2015

 

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

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ABBREVIATION AND MEANINGS

 

PF:              Poultry farm

BS:             Broiler starter

BF:             Broiler finishers

FM:             Grower mash

LM:             Layer mash

NF:             vital feed

LF:              Livestock feed

TF:              Top feed

GH:             Guinea feed

BK:             Book

JN:              Journal

TH:             Thesis

 

 

INTRODUCTION

Poultry farms are farms that raise chickens, duck, turkeys and other birds for meat or egg production. In the must, poultry farming involved raising chickens in the back yard for daily egg production and family consumption. However, poultry farming today is a huge business that is split into several operations including hatcheries, pullet farms for meat product, or farms for egg producton. This paper will focus on poultry farms raising chickens.

Chickens originated from jngle fowl I South Easten Asia around 3200Bc (Dr. faran personal communicsation  2009) chickens were domesticated and spread to China, India Africa, pacific Island and Europe. They were primarily raise for human consumption. In addition, their feathers were used for making cushions, litter for fertilizer and in some societies chickens were used in lock fighting as a source of entertainment.

As the human population increase, the poultry industries continue ot grow to meet the demand for poultry products in world markets. The importance of poultry farms lies in the quality of product that are provided to humans. Broiler farms provides meat that supplies the human body with high quality proteins, layer farms provide egg rich in proteins and vitamins, especially the fat soluble vitamin (A.D.E and K) poultry farms are fast-paced operations that can expanded easily ot meet the ever-growign demand (Dr. M. Ferran, personal communication 2009).

Chickens are fast growing animals. In the past, it took about 4 months to produce a two kilogram chicken. However a two-kilogram chicken can be produce in 42 days (Dr. M. Ferran, personal communication 2009). Due to this fact, a better understanding of husbanding practices, and use of new technologies, poultry farms can be profitable enterprise. Each operations in he poultry business has become a huge business by itself. Some farms specialize in producing eggs for market consumption, or for hatching chicks for the purpose of meat production. Other business are focused on feed preparation or on using the wastes of poultry farms for compost production and fertilizing farm lands. If managed and marketed well, all segments of the poultry business can be profitable.

OBJECTIVES

This study will examine the feasibility of broiler producing farms in Lebanon. A rental for will be used as a representative case study for other poultry producers. Sensitivity analysis will use to determine potential profitability when input cost and point of sale values are varied. .

 

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES

AGRICULTURE

 

Agale, Samuel-2012. Low soil fertility status and rapid nutrient depletions Thesis. 8 Nov; p.50

 

Ebong, G.A. 2015. Antioxidant and antitussive properties by poultry farmers: journal. 19 Mar; p. 46

 

Ibrahim, Muhammed. 2013. Yield and economic return of sesame: Thessi 15 May, p. 44.

 

Jiang, zhiben. 2014. Wild birds and poultry: Thesis. 21 aug; p. 32.

Vide, Adebayo 2012. Utilization and management of poultry waste:  15 May, p. 44.

 

Jiang, zhiben. 2014. Wild birds and poultry: Thesis. 21 aug; p. 32.

Vide, Adebayo 2012. Utilization and management of poultry waste: Thesis. 4 July, p.100.

 

Vijayakumari, B. 2010. fresh, composted and poultry droppings: Journal. 11 Jan; p. 36

 

Budarshan, Dutta. 2012. Agricultural management practices: Journal. 3 June, p.558-569.

 

Yakubu, Abdulmojed.2011. pre and post-slaughter traits of broiler chickens: book 4 Nov; p. 114-120.

 

VACCINATION

Oyelola, B. 2011. Briiler chick diet: Book. 6 April, P. 4 Wakawa, A.M. 2012. Vaccination of chickens: Thesis 25 Aug; p. 37-40

 

 

POULTRY INFECTION

Neba, chee.2013. pathogenic Avian influenza: Journal. 22 feb., p. 4-12.

Nweke, C.U. 2010. Moulds growing in commercial poultry feed: Book. 20 Nov., p. 4-19.

 

 

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