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The problems and prospect of reference services in academic libraries in anambra state.

The problems and prospect of reference services in academic libraries in anambra state.

A case study of anambra state university, uli.

 

Table of Content

Chapter one

Introduction

  • Background of the study – –      –      –      1
  • Statement of the problem – –      –      –      6
  • Purpose of the study –  –      –      –      –      8
  • Research questions –    —     –      –      –      9
  • Significance of the study – –      –      –      10
  • Scope of the study –      –      –      –      –      11
  • Definition of the terms –       –      –      –      12

 

Chapter two

Literature review

2.1   introduction – –      –      –     –      –      –      14

2.2   reference material and source  –           –      16

2.3   staffing of the reference section    –     –      17

2.4   management of reference section  –     –      18

2.5   problem facing reference section-         –      19

 

Chapter three

Methodology

3.1   design of the study –      –      –      –      –      22

3.2   area of the study –  –      –      –      –      –      23

3.3  population of the study –      –      –      –      23

3.4   sample and sampling techniques –      –      23

3.5   instrument for data collection –    –      –      24

3.6   validation of the study – –      –      –      –      25

3.7   reliability of the instrument –       –      –      25

3.8   distribution and retrieval of instrument      26 3.8        data analysis –       –      –      –      –      –      26

 

Chapter four

4.1   data analysis, presentation of result and discussion of findings  –       –      –      –      –      28

 

Chapter five

Summary, conclusion and recommendations

5.1   summary –      –      –      –      –      –      –      33

5.2   conclusion –    –      –      –      –      –      –      35

5.3   recommendation –  –      –      –      –      –      36

References –    –      –      –      –      –      –      39

Appendix i –    –      –      –      –      –      –      41

Appendix ii     –     –      –      –      –      –      42


Abstract

This project is aimed at examining the problems and prospects of reference services in academic librarians, using the anambra state university uli campus library as a case study and how to evaluate the strength and weakness of the reference services in an academic librarian. It will also help to know the problems caused by the library clientele and profile solution toward the problems. This project work is design to know the functions of reference librarian and services to make prospect in the reference section of a library. Chapter one of this project works treats background to the study, research questions, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of some terms as it concerns to this work. Chapter two treats literature review which covers areas like reference materials, staffing of the reference section, management of reference section, problem facing reference section. Chapter three treat methodology which comprises of research design, population of the study, sample and sampling technologies, research instrument, and method of data analysis. Chapter four treats data analysis, presentation of result and discussion of findings. While chapter five treats summary of the work conclusion and recommendation for further study.

 


 

Chapter one

Introduction

  • Background to the study

Reference service is one of the essential services of the library. Meaning reference service is the activities, roles, functions and services rendered by the reference librarian constitute reference service. According to prytherch, (2002) he states that: “reference service deal with the provision of reference work by library staff”.

According to ohio library council, (2005) reference services is “a way for libraries to meet the needs of their user (clientele) communities”. Reference service involves instructing clients to operate independently and at own pace to uses electronic and print resources of the library, it also involved personal assistance given to the users to enable them meet their needs.

James (2005) states that reference work started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to respond to several forces and trends. In the next several decades from the 1930s through the 1950s, a new technology that provides, access to the library to a lager member and much wider variety of people was introduce. That technology is obviously, the telephone and the reference literature of the day speaks of its advantages but also its challenges. For example, having distinguished between “important questions coming in via the telephone those business men and involving important topics from less important” ones from club woman planning programs, context questions like should this service be centralized or dispersed? Should it be staffed differently from the desk? What information resources should be dedicated to it? And many more.

According to (ala rusa, 2008) reference service includes reference transactions and other activities that involve the creation, management, and assessment of information or research resources, tools and services. Creation and management of information resources includes the development and maintenance of research collections, research guide, catalogues, database, web-sites, search engines etc that patrons can use independently, in-house or remotely to satisfy their information needs. Assessment activities include the measurement and evaluation of reference work, resources and services.

According to esharenana, (2008) sees reference section as that section of library which provide a variety of services and perform functions necessary to assist the users including provision of information service on demand and in providing institution in the use of library, selected of documents and organization of reference materials.

According to obiora, (2004) states that reference sources are publications – book and non-book materials consulted only within the library for specific facts or definite piece of information on a subject. There are two types of reference sources, general reference sources which include encyclopedia, directories, dictionaries, yearbooks and handbook while special or subject reference sources are mathematics, biology, and library science.

According to esharenana, (2008) states that reference question is a sentence, phrase or word posed by a patron to the reference librarian asking for information or assistance in order to meet the need.

According to ramum (2003) reference policy is regarded as a kind of set of plan and as a kind of framework within which reference staff and clienteles work.

Ahi rusa, (2003) states that a reference librarians is person that provides reference service. He should posses a wide range of intellectual interest, desire to assist the patrons, flair for organizing documents ability to search literature and adequate knowledge of the library and external resources.

According to scott (2007) is pubic service counter where professional librarian provide library users with direction on how to make use of library materials, advise on library collection and services and expertise on multiple kinds of information from multiple sources.

According to anderson (2005) digital reference is a service and the reference transaction is a computer mediated communication.

 

  • Statement of problems

The aim of this study is to critically analyze the problems and prospect towards the services in the reference section and equally to view the problems that have prevented it from executing effectively and efficiently the bibliographical functions in the library.

One observes that the very rapid expansion of our reference sources have reached a stage of concern. One finds that the library does not tackle the problem of acquisition of up-to-date reference materials like journals to keep the clienteles (students and lecturers even the parent institution) abreast of the new trends in their various field of study.

Development of the reference collection and organization which effect in the backbone of a reference eservice should also be looked into. A maximum attention would equally be paid to the relevance of the exiting services, to see how it meet the needs of the patrons, because the effective use of these materials depends on the services provided by the reference personnel or librarians.

 

  • Purpose of study

The purpose of this study is to know the problems and prospect of reference services. Therefore the researcher will be able to find out the following purposes:

  1. To know if the reference section of the academic library is well organized.
  2. To know if there reference services are being rendered in line with other reference services in other libraries.
  • To identify the strength and weakness of the library’s reference collection because any effective reference service may not be feasible without an appropriate and adequate reference collection.
  1. To enable the researcher carry out the findings so that to make recommendation for effective reference services in the library.
  2. To take the library to another level through the reference services.

 

  • Research questions

For the success of this study, this study demands an answer to the following questions:

  1. Is the reference section of the academic library adequately organized to perform its functions?
  2. To what extent can the reference materials in the library said to be appropriate for the needs of the clientele?
  • Are the reference services being rendered in-line with other reference services in other libraries?
  1. Does the library make available all the useful reference materials needed by the users for them?
  2. Does the library clientele find it easy with the reference librarian in terms of research?

 

  • Significance of the study
  1. This study will lay on the reference services in academic library users.
  2. It will provide a useful information on how reference services are being searched by the users.
  3. It demonstrates to library staff the feelings of its clientele towards the type of reference materials they provide for them.
  4. The recommendation to the made will be the one that if implemented will enhance an effective reference information services of the library to its user.
  5. To enable adequate access to the materials be the library users.

 

  • Scope of the study

This study is restricted to the university of anambra state uli campus library. The reference services rendered to the users are deeply discussed.

reasonable conclusion and recommendation was made because of limited time and space placed on this research, make it impossible to evaluate in details everything about the problems and prospect of anambra state university reference library section. Only activities performed in the library and the general overview of their statistical record and their reference materials have been look into.

the quality of staff was also evaluated, the nature of their work and services towards their users.

 

  • Definition of terms

Reference services:     according to ala, (2008) reference service involves reference activities that includes the creation, management and assessment of information, research resources, tools and services. Creation and management of information resources include the development and maintenance of research collections, catalogues, research guides, databases, web-sites, search engines etc.

So that patrons can use independently to satisfy their information needs. Therefore reference is sees to be an act of documenting important materials for future use while services is the ability to make sure that reference section is functioning effectively. It deals with provision of reference work by library staff.

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Bibliographic information on corruption in nigeria political system

Bibliographic information on corruption in nigeria political system (2009-2013)

Table of content

Bibliographic entries                                   1

Author index                                               4

Chronological index                                     5

Source index                                               6

 

Intrtoduction

political corruption is not a recent phenomenon that per4vades the nigerian state. Since the creation of modern public administration in the country, there have been cases of official mosuse of resource for personal enrichment.

nigeria ranked 139th out of 176 countries in transparency international. The rise of public administration and the discovery of petroleum and natural gas are two major events seen to have led to a litary of ignoble corrupt practices in the country. Over the years, the country has seen if wealth withered with little for show in living condition of the average human being.

the pervasive corruption has been blamed on colonialism, according to this view; the nation colonial history may have restricted any early influence in an ethical revolution. Throughout   the colonel; period, most nigerians were stuck in ignorance and poverty. The trapping of flash cars, houses and success of the colonist as symbols of success and to emulate the colonial.

this view is what has degenerated for into the more recent disregarded for public property and lack of public trust and concern for public goods as a collection.

Biblographic entries

  1. Abada .a 2009 .a misplacement of priority. Daily champion 5 may p40
  2. Abbola .s. 2009. Corruption bottle of hope. Daily champion 2 oct p24
  3. Isa 2009. Nigeria leaders sack the sun 12 july
  4. Abiola bashoru. 2012 the electronic voting system daily champion. 12 jan
  5. Abidonna dorrathy. 2010. Kidnapping at aba abia state. Daily champion
  6. 2010. Imo state crisis btw p.d.p and can in nigeria daily champion.
  7. 2010. Killing of people in a election in nigeria. Daily champion
  8. Adebayo rofimi 2012. Fuel subsidy in nigeria daily champion “aug.

 

 

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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

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ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS WHATSAPP FOR INFORMATION SERVICE DELIVERY

ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS WHATSAPP FOR INFORMATION SERVICE DELIVERY

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

Abstract

WhatsApp is a smart phone application for instant messaging. Lately, the application’s popularity has risen. One the unique features of the application is it ability to enhance communication within a globe. Class room communication between teaching faculty and high school students using WhatsApp has not yet, to our knowledge, been researched thoroughly. Therefore, we have chosen to conduct an exploratory research project employing a qualitative method. Twelve half- structured interviews were carried out to teachers who used the application to in order to communicate with their pupils. It turns out that class WhatsApp groups are used for main purposes: communicating with students;   nurturing the social atmosphere; creating dialogue and encouraging sharing among students; and as a learning platform. Thee participants mentioned the technical advantages of WhatsAPP, such as simple operation, low cost, availability, and immediacy. They also refer to educational advantages, such as the creation of a pleasant environment and an in-depth acquaintance with fellow students, which had a positive influence upon the manner of conversation. The participant also indicated academic advantages such as the accessibility of learning materials, teacher availability and the continuation of learning beyond class hours. Nevertheless, there are also challenges and problems. Firstly there is technical difficulty that not all students posses a smart phone. Secondly, teachers are apt to be annoyed by the flood of irrelevant and nonessential messages. Also, educational difficulties may arise, such as incompatibility of language between students and the students’ assumptions that their teacher should be available on a 24/7 bases.

  Key words: WhatsApp, social network, instant message, communication platform.

CHAPTER ONE:

 1.0   INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………..1

1.1    Background of the study …………………………………………………………..1

  • Statement of problem ……………………………………………………………….2

1.3     Purpose of the Study ………………………………………………………………..3

  • Research Questions …………………………………………………………………4
  • Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………. 4
  • Scope of the Study …………………………………………………………………..5
  • Limitations of the Study ……………………………………………………………5
  • Operational Definition of Terms……………………………………………………6

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………7

2.1     Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………7

2.2     WhatsApp Goes to School ………………………………………………………….7

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………10

3.1     Introduction …………………………………………………………………………10

3.2     Population of the Study …………………………………………………………..10

3.3     Sample and Sampling Techniques ……………………………………………..10

3.4     Research Instrument ………………………………………………………………10

3.5     Validation of Instrument …………………………………………………………11

3.6     Method of Data Collection ……………………………………………………….11

3.7     Method of Data Analysis …………………………………………………………11

         References ……………………………………………………………………………12

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study.

WhatsApp is an instant messaging application for smartphones that operates under a subscription business model. The proprietary, cross – platforms application uses the interest to send text messages, images, video, user location and audio messages.

In January 2015, WhatsApp was the most globally popular messaging application with more than 600 million active users, In April 2015,WhatsApp reached 800 million active users.

WhatsApp was founded in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, both former employees of yahoo!

WhatsApp uses a customised version of the open standard of the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). Upon installation, it creates a user account using the phone number of the registering member as the username.

 

The internet holds a vast array of information; the educational resources delivered on web pages are in nearly every topic of study. Whatsapp being an internet oriented application plays a vital role in this course and the state of reliance of students on this application for information service delivery is alarming.

Social constructivist learning theory seeks to improve social interactions between students and to construct and share knowledge. For the purpose of this research, the focus will be on social utilities particularly WhatsApp and the rate at which students react towards this application for information service delivery.

 

Learning is the outcome of social interactions between students in collaborative learning activities. Activities can include sharing through mobile devices such as discussion forums (Chan, 2005), which can be used for knowledge construction sharing (Gillingham & Topper, 1999). The construction of knowledge is based on social interaction between online students (Vygotsky, 1978). Learning can also be influenced by multiple variables, including the cognitive and psychological state of the learner, teacher professionalism and nature and complexity of the pedagogical approach.

The key note here is that WhatsApp instant messaging is very easy to use, the majority of students use this mobile system for academic and other purposes. In this system students are quickly informed of every update and any message inserted by a member of the group or discussion forum. An easy to operate user interface is important in helping orientate the student’s attitude towards this technology.

 

  • Statement of problem

In this era of information and communication technology, social media especially WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, BlackBerry Messenger etc.

And many others have revolutionised and redefined monopoly of news and information by mass media (Television, Radio, Magazine Industries). Social has in recent time turn the citizens not only as information consumers but also as information distributors.

Students log on to WhatsApp, BlackBerry Messenger, Twitter, Instagram and other social utilities regularly. As much as the use of these utilities by students helps the circulation of information, it also has its demining perks on other counts. Certain problems are faced with this development in such a way that numerous discussion forums are created by by individuals belonging to a particular forum of same category of students. For instance, the 300level students of L.I.S having a group created on WhatsApp and every member of this class is added to a forum, but at some point unlikely arguments emerge and some sets of become extremely abusive which may result to splitting members of the group by creating another forum and cause most people to exit the initial one.

Data subscriptions to keep this service running are quite expensive, some service providers make it affordable while some don’t. And in most cases the option of switching to a less expensive service provider cannot be considered simply for the reason of location, i.eThe choice of a service provider to purchase data from is determined by the location where this network provides wide network coverage (internet access speed).

This applications sometimes pose lack of concentration for students especially during an on – going lecture. Technology is good and has improved a lot in every developing country, society and for people from all works of life. But in certain ways there has not been proper orientation on how the use of these utilities can be managed. Seminars can be held for students in the university on how to time and use these social applications in other to prevent distraction from classroom learning, abuses online, misuse of the handle and the government can also meet the bodies of our service provider company so as to outline a solution towards the cost effect of data subscription in order for internet service to be made accessible and affordable for all at any given time.

 

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY IN NIGERIA WITH REFERENCE TO IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY IN NIGERIA WITH REFERENCE TO IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY , OWERRI

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

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ABSTRACT

This project is on the development of public libraries in Nigeria with reference to the Imo Central Library, Owerri. Chapter one of this work traces the history of public Library development in Imo State starting from the days of the eastern Nigeria Library Board which serried as a platform for the establishment of the Imo State Central Library Owerri. Chapter two highlights the roles which a public Library can play in the society in it’s capacity as an agency of education, information, culture, recreation and asthetic appreciation.

Services rendered by public Libraries were mentioned, such services includes reference services, circulations of materials, local collections development, display and exhibition, etc. problems militating against public Library development in the state were also highlighted in this chapter. Three methods of data collection were used in this project. Three methods of data collection were used in this project. These include: oral interview, examination of the Libraries records and the questionnaire made. Through these methods the researcher collected relevant data for this project work. In chapter five, findings were made from investigation carried act about the Library from these findings, the researcher therefore made a number of recommendations which he hoped will develop in Imo State.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background to the study
  • Statement of problems
  • Objective of the study
  • Research Question
  • Scope of the study
  • Significance of the study
  • Population of the study

CHAPTER TWO

  • Literature Reviews
  • The Public Library as an agency of education
  • The public Library as an agency for information
  • The public Library as an agency for rural extension
  • The public Library as an agency for manpower development.
  • The public library as a culture agency.
  • Public library: an agency for aesthetic appreciation
  • Public library: Agency for recreation
  • Services Rendered by the public library.
  • Circulation of material
  • Reference services
  • User Instrument / Education
  • Local Collection Development
  • Display and current awareness services
  • Clientele
  • Functions of public libraries
  • How public library is funded
  • Problems militating against public library development.

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research method
  • Oral Interview
  • Records and Report
  • Questionnaire

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Data Analysis and Interpretation
  • Oral Interview
  • Questionnaire method

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary of finding and conclusion

5.1     Findings conclusion

5.2     Conclusion

References

Appendix 1

CHAPTER  ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

In this modern world of information explosion the society is always in need of information agencies strive to meet this information need. Numerous definitions have been given to the term library, one of such definitions are contained in the encyclopedia Britannica (vol.22, 1988) state that “a library is a collection of written, printed or other graphic or visual materials (including files, photographs, tapes, phonograph records, video discs, microforms and computer programmes) organized and maintained for reading, study and consultation. Another definition of library is from the websters New York World Dictionary (1991) which states hat “library is a room or building where a collection of books, periodicals etc are kept for reading and reference” collier’s encyclopedia (vol.14,1990) defines the “library as collection of graphic materials, books, films, magazines, maps manuscripts, organized for use” while majority of people take a library to be a place where books are kept. These views of people about the library is not satisfactory.

Therefore, the definition of a library to be accepted by all should be the one given by Agbodike 1995 in a lecture delivered, “ A library is a collection of records of human culture in print or non-print information providing materials, or book and non-book materials, house, preserved, organized, interpreted and managed by professional librarians or clientele for information, knowledge, education, research, recreation and aesthetic appreciation and cultural enjoyment. The definition which unites the library to book alone is incomplete for there are many other forms of recorded knowledge such as tapes, firms, microfilms, microfishes, video tapes and projectors contained in the holdings of libraries. Commenting on the changing roles of the library, the father of librarianship, Melvin, Dewy (1906) stated that the library has lost it’s etymologic meaning and means not a collection of books but the central agency for disseminating information, innocent recreation or best of all, inspiration among the people.

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From the definition given above, the three components of a library are books, staff and building. A library cannot exist without books or a qualified institution called a library without a building, as well as adequate finance to run and maintain it. There are different types of libraries performing different functions aimed at satisfying their various patrons. These includes: school, academic, special national and public libraries. School libraries are libraries located in primary and secondary schools. They support and enrich the educational programmes in the schools in which they are located.

Academic libraries are libraries located in institutions of high learning while special libraries are those established in companies, organizations, government department and research institutions. This type of library satisfy the needs of subject specialists and researchers. The National Library of a country is the one responsible for collecting and conserving the whole of that county’s book production for the benefit of further generations. It is the chief depository of the national arts and culture.

Public libraries are libraries built for the general public. They are supervised, financed and supported them by the state or local government of a country. According to the New encyclopedia (vol. 22, 973) “public libraries are acknowledged to be an indispensable point of community life as promoters of libraries providers of a wide range of reading for all ages, and centres for community information services”. Public libraries are established by state law supported from the general public funds and administered for the benefit of the citizens of the town, city, or region which maintains it on the basis of equal access to all, whether they are artisans, or professionals. It does not discriminate as it’s doors are open to all classes of people.

The American library Association (1967), in one of its publications, stated the functions of public libraries. Again, at the seminar in library management, organized by the University of Ibadan and the British council (1970), it was considered that the public library should provide printed and audio-visual materials to meet the individual and group needs of its community for information, self realization, recreation and culture growth and for assistance in campaign out their duties are citizens and members of the community.

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1.1.1  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY OWERRI.

The Imo State Library Board came into existence with the creation of Imo and Anambra state. Despite the creation of the Imo state out of the former east central state, both continued to maintain a central library services under the east central state library board until September, 1976, when the library staff of Imo State origin had to be transferred to Owerri to establish the administrative headquarters of the present Imo State library Board. At the same time, the assets and liabilities of the former east central state were shared. The movement of staff to Owerri created accommodation problems. Most of the junior staff occupied the uncompleted library building as their residence and worked very hard to see that the library was opened early for services.

1.1.2  IMO STATE LIBRARY BOARD:

The Imo State Library Board was actually set up by edict N0. 12 of the Imo State library Board edict 1977. The edict state: “There is hereby established a board to be known as the Imo state library Board. The Board shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal and with power to sue and be sued in its corporate name”. The edict which set up the Imo state library  board had made it an animate body can sue and be sued in its corporate name.

The services of the board are supplemented by the divisional libraries at Aba, Abriba, Umuahia (now in Abia state), Orlu and Mbano. The Board started it’s operation with the sum of five hundred and forty thousand, eight hundred and thirty-two naira (540,832.00) for the financial year 1976 and 1977 with six catalogue cabinets, catalogue cards, some metal filing cabinets and few type writers. In addition to this, the state government provided the sum of five hundred thousand naira to cover its capital expenditure. Anambra and Imo state share a considerable quantity of new books which had not been allocated prior to the creation of state.

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1.1.3  APPOINTMENT OF THE BOARD

The Imo State library Board was appointment on 10th November, 1976. Its member were Professor A.O. Anya as chairman and seven members namely, professor, D.I. Nwoga, Dr. Eze Ogueri, Miss. Gloria I. Ofor, Mazi F. Nwosu Ezi, Mrs. R. Umelo, the permanent secretary, ministry of education and information (Mr. N.C. Okonkwo), or his representative and the director of library services. It held its first meetings on December 17th 1976 and it was addressed by the then honourable commissioner for education and information (Dr. M.A Nwachukwu), on 14th January 1977. The Board held three meetings altogether during the period under review.

The board relationship with the press has been most cordial and added to this is the Boards’ determination to provide adequate public library facilities for the state. It will not be satisfied until every major centre of the community in the state particularly the headquarters of the local government areas have been provided with effective public library services.

1.1.4  OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE CENTAL LIBRARY OWERRI

The state central library, Owerri was officially opened to the public on 12th November 1976 by then military governor of Imo state (His Excellency, commander Godwin Ndubuisi Kanu). The ceremony was witnessed by nearly five hundred guest including state commissioners, high ranking government officials, representative of various business concerns, banking and public affairs, and representatives from various local government areas in the state. The building of the library was designed to accommodate eight five thousand volumes of books, but it was opened with a book stock of about twelve thousand. On the ground floor, the building houses the children’s library, acquisition and cataloguing departments as well as an auditorium to sit some hundred persons, the mobile library garage and loading bag. The first floor contain a reference library and he adult reading library, the administration wing of the library which is behind the ground floor, contains the general office and accounts section while the first floor of the wing accommodates offices for the director and other personnel staff.

THE IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY IS MADE UP OF THESE SECTIONS: CHILDREN’S SECTION ADULT LENDING SECTION TECHNICAL SERVICES  SECTION ACQUISITION SECTION NIGERIANA

SECTION

CHILDREN’S SECTION: The section started with a total of five hundred and three children, two hundred and fifty were makes and two hundred and fifty-three were females. These number has increased by much since then. A total number of five thousand seven hundred and fifty six books were issued in the same period, two thousand five hundred and thirty-two books were non-fiction. A number of writings with African and Nigeria background have been acquired for the children. Journals were also acquired for them.

ADULT LENDING SECTION: This section started with six thousand five hundred books and by 1977 the book stock had increased to then thousand six hundred books. The section does not had adequate fiction books in its holdings. But effort were made to improve the situation. The non-fiction holdings are improving every body. The number of non-fiction books borrowed was five thousand and twenty-six, out of this numbers, two thousand were borrowed by males while two thousand five hundred books were borrowed by females.

In 1977, there was an increase in borrowing of books by both sexes. The library has now a collection which reflects a wider range of fields.

TECHNICAL SERVICES SECTION: This section initially experience problem brought about by lack of tools and equipment and the task of processing books for the library, many unprocessed books were transferred to Owerri, form Enugu, and this created a lot of problems by sorting out the unnecessary materials accessioned, catalogued and shelve them and required. Before the creation of acquisition section, about four hundred and eighty-three children’s books and two thousand three hundred and nine-teen adult books had been accessioned and catalogued in the section. Four thousand materials are processed for Owerri, two thousand two hundred and twenty eight for Umuahia divisional library, one thousand six hundred and sixty for Aba and three hundred and seventy eight for Abriba divisional library respectively, (of which are now in Abia state).

ACQUISIITON SECTION: The acquisition department was not established as a separate section as soon as the library came down from Enugu. It was rather separated from the cataloguing division in February 1977. The acquisition policy of the Imo state library board states that: All books selected either by individuals, libraries or by a group should be passed to the acquisition department for pre-order searching. No blanket orders should be given to any vendor except in respect of annuals, in case of reference books only two copies of a title should be allocated to each library but not more than eight copies”.

With the creation of the section, acquisition duties have been streamlined and co-ordinated and co-ordinated with other sections of the services. The staffing of this section began with a librarian and typist. It was later joined by two library assistants. The secretaries performances ahs been satisfactions. The sections has been satisfactory. Its accessioned materials have virtually field up the shelves. According to records, some thirteen thousand seven hundred and four books were accessioned in the section while nine thousand six hundred and thirty-eight items on order were outstanding. Out of the thirteen thousand seven hundred and four accessioned book, seven thousand nine hundred and ninety seven were adult books while five thousand seven hundred and seven were juvenile.

NIGERIANA SECTION: This section consist mainly of Nigerian publications. The stock covers a total of one thousand three hundred and eight volume comprising serials, magazine and newspapers. Because of economic problems, not all books are purchased. The works of staff of this section include keeping the vertical files and writing of captions, it operates between 9:00am to 3:30pm. However, there are some accommodation problems being experienced in this sector.

SERVICES: The role played by the Nigerian section of the Imo Central library is separates from the purpose for which it was set up. The offer direct services which include personnel assistance given to readers in pursuit of information, the department and the character of such services very with the type of user it is designed to serve. They supply information based in bibliographic search.

It also provides indirect services, this makes it possible for user to have access to information. In this kind of services bibliographic are preferred which help the user in searching and retracing of the document which they use.

EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: The opening of he state central library, Owerri attracted lots of favourable comments from all and surrounding several visitors and student’s excursion groups visited the library and outstanding among them being:

(a)     Two groups of class five students from federal Girls Secondary School, Owerri, were introduced to the public service department (adult circulation and reference section of the library).

(b)     The press Club of the Community Secondary School Umuaka-Orlu were conducted round the library with a brief talk on the Boards Services.

(c)      Teacher librarian, the Imo and Anambra State join seminar in school libraries held in Owerri from 22 to 27th March, 1977.

1.1.5  BRANCH LIBRARIES OF THE IMO STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY

The libraries were established to carryout library development in the rural areas of the state. These libraries include: Mbano Branch commissioned by Dr. Raymond Ofoegbu, the then Imo State Commissioner for information, youths, sports and culture. The library is located at Mbano Local Government Headquarters. There is also the Aboh Mbaise and Orlu libraries. The divisional library was established on 14th December, 1981.

1.1.6  FUNCTIONS OF IMO STATE LIBRARY BOARD:

a        To establish, equip and maintain the state central library and its branches in any part of the state.

  1. To provide assistance to other persons in the organization of libraries.
  2. To make recommendations and give advice on library development or organization to any department of local government area in the state.

d        To make the facilities of the state library system available to members of the public and undertake bibliographic services in the state.

e        To establish and maintain the library’s mobile services

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

a        Public libraries in Nigerian are confronted with a lot of problems. For instances they do not have enough information sources for the different categories of users.

b        The do not have enough space for accommodating the users.

c        Consequently, many users complain of their inability to satisfy various information needs.

d        Some public libraries in Nigeria operate without essential facilities like photocopying machines and toilet facilities.

e        There is also the problem of trained staff.

f        To find out the basis reason of establishing the Imo State library Board.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

a        The objective of the study is to trace history of public library development in Imo State.

b        By tracing the history, the study also aims at identifying factors and situation that have either contributed to public library development in Imo state or retorted their rate of development.

c        The study also aims at ceiling the attention of policy makers to the need for a speedy development of public libraries in the state.

1.4     Researcher asked a number of questions with which he hopes to find answers to problems posed by the study: these include:

a        Is the library adequately stocked with source of information

b        Are there facilities provided by the library headquarters?

c        Is the library staffed with well drained personnel?

d        As a public library, what roles does it play in the society?

e        What are the problems imitating against its proper development?

1.5     SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

a        This project ahs a historical overviews and would therefore cover issues of public library development starting from the Eastern region library days to the present Imo state.

b        Lack of time and finance would not allow for an exhaustive survey of this study thereby limiting it to the establishment and development t of the Imo state central library, Owerri only, among other public libraries in the state

1.6     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:

a        This project will be of great benefit to students especially those in the library and information science department.

b        The study will also be of great value to researchers who are entered in the area of public library development in Imo state.

c        Government authority who are desirous of establishing public in their states will also find this work beneficial.

1.7     POPULATION:

          The researcher sampled about fifty users and the staff of the Imo state central library Owerri, for data collection.

CHAPTER TWO

2.1     LITERATURE  REVIEW: