APPLICATION OF MARKETING CONCEPTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF SUNGLASS LTD KADUNA)

 

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Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
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2. EcoBank:
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3. Fidelity Bank:
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4. FCMB:
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5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT
This research work attempt to appraise the applications of marketing concepts in manufacturing organization. In view of the relevance of the marketing concepts in an organization, but it is discovered that manufacturing organization operate below capacity. Marketing deals with price, promotion, product, and distributions where as marketing concept is the philosophy that when applied efficiency will be attained The researcher tried to find out the root causes of these problems, considering the country’s large population, available resources and relatively large number of manufacturing firms, yet, those organization encountered problem. The researcher is hoping to add more light on proper applications of marketing concepts as well as to help students to know more about it. Research questions were used and responses were gotten which shows that manufacturing organizations faces problems which include lack of creating awareness, government policies etc. marketing research should be carryout in order to know consumer’s behaviour towards products so also, careful study on government policies because as government changes, policies changes too. Some policies will favour manufacturing organizations while some doesn’t favour them, as such they have find a way of managing government policies so as to have maximum capacity utilization. Finally, the researcher summarized, concluded, and recommended on the better way in tackling even more effectively the problems associated with the applications of marketing concepts as well as operating below expectation as earlier identified and enumerated in this project work

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration Page – – – – – – – – ii
Approval Page – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of content – – – – – – – – vii

CHAPTER ONE Introduction
1.0 Background of the study – – – – – 1
1.1 Historical background of the case study – – – – 4
1.2 Statement of General Problems – – – – – 5
1.3 Objectives of the study – – – – – – 6
1.4 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 7
1.5 Research Questions- – – – – – – – 7
1.6 Scope of the Study – – – – – – – 8
1.7 Limitation of the Study- – – – – – – 8
CHAPTER TWO – Literature Reviews
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 9
2.1 Marketing- – – – – – – – – 10
2.2 Basic Concepts of Marketing- – – – – – 12
2.3 The Rapid Adoption of Marketing Concept- – – 19
2.4 Channels of Distribution- – – – – – 20
2.5 Types of Goods- – – – – – – 21
2.6 Channels for Industrial Goods- – – – – 23
2.7 Channels for Consumer Goods- – – – – 23
2.8 Factors Determining the Choice of Channels- – – 24
2.9 Importance of Marketing Concepts in Marketing- – 24
2.10 The Impediments of the Application of the Marketing
concepts- – – – – – – – – 27
2.11 Summary of the Chapter- – – – – – 31
CHAPTER THREE – Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 33
3.1 Research Methodology – – – – – – 33
3.2 Area of the Study- – – – – – – – 33
3.3 Population of the study – – – – – – 34
3.4 Sample Size and Sample Technique – – – 34
3.5 Method of Data Collection – – – – – – 34
3.6 Validity and Reliability of Instrument- – – – 34
3.7 Administration of the Instrument- – – – – 35
3.8 Method of Data Analysis- – – – – – – 35
CHAPTER FOUR – Presentation and Analysis of data
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 36
4.1 Presentation of Data – – – – – – 36
4.2 Major Findings- – – – – – – – 40
4.3 Discussion and Summary of Findings- – – – 41
CHAPTER FIVE – Summary, conclusion and Recommendation
5.0 Introduction- – – – – – – – – 43
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – 43
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 45
5.3 Recommendations- – – – – – – – 45
Bibliography – – – – – – – – – 47
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 48
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the study
Marketing was defined by Kotler (2001) “as a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others. Staton (1964) defines marketing “as a total interaction of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want satisfying products and services to present to potential customers.

Schew and Smith (1982) saw marketing concept as the philosophy of business or attitudes of management which maintain that the local point of the entire firm is the consumer. These marketing activities are called the marketing mix which basic function includes product development, packaging branding, pricing, placement, and promotion clearly, marketing activities should be carried out under a well thought out philosophy of efficient, effective, and socially responsible marketing. Kotler (2001) how ever maintains that there are five competing concepts under which organization conduct marketing activities, the productions concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept and societal marketing concept.

All business administrators recognize that marketing is important for the success of a business and that customers want satisfactory is the economic and social justifications of a company’s existence. All company’s activities are devoted to determine what the customers want and then satisfy these want. While still maintaining reasonable profit marketing is one of the major activities that determines the success or otherwise of every organization. As such marketing plays a vital role in attaining organizational objectives organizations therefore; need marketing concepts in order to achieve greater productivity as well as satisfying consumer wants.
It is far easier to sell goods or services that properly match the needs or wants of buyers than to sell the products that do not, and since sound knowledge of consumers need and wants provide information base to effect this match, application of the marketing concept should result in greater sales which assumes efficient and effective management of costs subsequently result is greater profit. Consumers communicate their needs and wants by buying or refusing goods and services offered to them by retailers and other intermediaries . If the offering are satisfying sales occur and more order will be made, but if the product are not satisfying no sales will occur which will show that the products have not gotten acceptance from consumers.

A successful organization is that which recognize consumer’s desire and therefore adjust its activities to meet those needs and adjust its activities to meet those needs and wants. As always says “consumer is a king” therefore, for any organization to live successfully must consider its consumers by doing what is standard to them. The success of organization therefore, depends on the success of her product or services which in turn is tied to the effectiveness of marketing mix. Marketing mix and tools that keep producers to continue to acquire large share of the market for its products, the longer the market the longer the output hence leading to full resource utilization (capacity utilization), with these tools organizations can able to hit target of their marketing as well as operating at full capacity.

Each and every organization have concept that will best match their products. Some organization believe in production in large quantity and wait for buyer to buy (production concept) and some produce and go out to persuade consumers to buy (Selling concept), while some produce in order to satisfy its consumer as well as making profit (marketing concepts) and so on. All these applications depends on the nature and of product organizations is producing as well as how those products get acceptance in the market.

1.1 Historical Background of Sunglass Nigeria Ltd.
Sunglass Nigeria limited as one of the manufacturing organization in Kaduna was incorporated as a limited liability company in the year 1992 to under take the business of producing glass containers. After incorporation the company bought over the assets of the former Ballapur Glass limited which explains why sunglass is occupying the premises vacated by the defunct Ballapur Glass.

Sunglass employs over 500 persons directly and many more indirectly. Source its raw materials about 85% locally (Katsina, Kogi, Abuja, Borno, and Plateau) which constitute Sand, Marble powder, Dolomite, feldspar, Barytes.
Sunglass Nigeria limited has started producing glass containers on the 15th of November, 1995, to its consumers within and outside the state. And it is doing averagely in the industry. Sunglass is equipped with high speed automotive machines that produce up to 260,000 glass bottles daily,

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Several philosophers of business affairs have propounded different producers on how to administer the affairs of business efficiently. Marketing as one of the business aspect i.e one of the aspect of business management has its own procedures (theoretical principles for business applications). Nigeria as a developing nation blessed with abundant natural resources that can feed the manufacturing industries to work at ful

DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGE IN THE MARKETING OF CONSUMERS PRODUCTS

 

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
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2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0      Introduction –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           1

1.1      Objectives of the Essay      –           –           –           –           –           –           2

1.2      Significance of the Essay   –           –           –           –           –           –           3

1.3      Scope and Limitations of the Essay        –           –           –           –           4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      Introduction –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           6

2.1      Concept of Packaging        –           –           –           –           –           –           6

2.2      Needs for Packaging          –           –           –           –           –           –           8

2.3      Functions of Packaging     –           –           –           –           –           –           11

2.3      Importance of Marketing –           –           –           –           –           –           16

2.6      Consumers Reactions towards Packaging        –           –           –           21

2.7      Benefits of Packaging to Consumers      –           –           –           –           27

2.8      The Role of Packaging to the Society     –           –           –           –           29

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      Introduction –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           32

3.1      Summary      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           32

3.2      Conclusion    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           33

3.3      Recommendations –           –           –           –           –           –           –           34

References   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           37

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      Introduction

The concept of packaging describes the overall presentation of a product or services to the consumers and the manufacturers respectively in a form that will protect, preserve, promote, measure and describe the content of the pack.

Packaging is the first contact a consumer has with the product, so it is therefore of prime importance that materials are utilized to achieve the basic function of packaging.

This study will investigate how companies determine its packaging process and also focus on the reaction of consumers towards packaging, and know what motivate them most in a product.

Today, manufacturers and markets have come to the conclusion that the packaging of product needs to be efficiently and effectively conducted so as to generally accepted. It is therefore not surprising, the extent to which manufacturers go in ensuring that they appeal to the consumers taste.

The essay will go on to know how new product packaging systems are developed. It will enable us to know the importance of both the consumers and the manufacturers. In addition, it will also look at the techniques used by manufacturers in order to se the best standard.

However, packaging can also play a major or minor role in the marketing of a product, which is why various markets have called for the inclusion of packaging among the 4 Ps of marketing. More marketers however, treat packaging as an element of product strategy.

1.1      OBJECTIVES OF THE ESSAY

The main objective of the essay is to examine the development and functions of packaging in the marketing of consumer products. Other specific objectives include:

1. To examine how consumers react to the packaging of products in the market.
2. To find out the actual function of packaging in the life of a product to the consumers.
3. To examine the effect of packaging in the process of marketing the consumer products.
4. To prepare recommendations and suggestions for the improvement of packaging in different companies.

1.2      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ESSAY

This essay will be of significance to the following:

Organizations: It will enable various organizations to identify certain weaknesses and also reveal

EFFECT OF PERSONAL SELLING ON SALES GROWTH

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

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Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Personal selling is an important component of the overall marketing strategy of an organization. According to Adamu (200) personal selling is the presentation of a persuasive message by selling to a potential customer or group of customers, personal selling can also take place through personal correspondence telephone conversation or email.
Personal selling is an effective communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of promoting sales. Personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the consumers and potential buyers of a product. This relationship ultimately ends with an attempt to “close the sales” (Okoh, 2009).
The oldest form of promotion is personal selling. It involves the use of a sales force to encourage intermediaries to buy the product or a pull strategy where an organization may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after sales services.
Personal selling is designed to present a form of face-to-face communication, personal correspondence, or a personal telephone conversation, unlike advertising a personal sales message can be justified. For example, the marketing of a sophisticated computer system may require the use of personal selling, while the introduction of a new products are door-to-door selling and home demonstration parties. These two personal selling methods are primarily used for personal care products, cosmetics, cookware, encyclopedias, books, toys foods and other items of special interest to home markets. Ideally, personal selling should be supported by advertising to strengthen its impact. Delivery of a specially desired message to a prospect by a seller usually in the form of face to face communication, personal correspondence, or a personal telephone conversation, unlike advertising, a personal sale message can be more specifically targeted to individual prospects and easily altered if the desired behaviour does not occur.

However, inspite of the importance of personal selling to the overall marketing strategy of an organization, previous studies have indicated that organization do not hold it to a high esteem like other promotional tool. For example Emena (2006) in her study of problem and prospect of personal selling in business enterprise, observed that most companies in Nigeria seldom used personal selling to promote their product or do not channel the required resources to it.
It is against this background that the researcher sees the subject matter worthy of investigation.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Inspite of the importance of personal selling in sales promotion, scholars in Nigeria have done few empirical investigations on the subject matter. Although a lot of researches on sales promotion study personal selling as a component or segment of such empirical work. This has created a gap in the study of personal selling from a broad perspective (Okoh,2008).
Hence, Personal selling is neglected by so many companies in Nigeria. This is sequel to the fact that personal selling fail to realize its objectives in most companies in Nigeria (Okoh, 2007), this failure may be attributed to the poor capital budget, poor sales management and ineffective sales campaign.
It is against this, that the researcher seek to carry out an empirical investigation on the subject matter to cover this gap

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The central objective of this research is to examine the effect of personal selling on sales growth in Dansa food. The

Effect of Price and Price Changes on the Sales of Consumer Goods

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

Prices go by many names. It is all around us. The price of a worker is wages, incomes taxes are the price we pay for the privilege of making money. In economic theory, prices policy tends to be relegated to a secondary role and attention is devoted to other dimensions of competitive strategy. It is important to be clear what we mean by price.

 

According to Ode (2011), the term price simply means the amount of money that you actually pay in order to buy a good or service so that any relation between the buyer and seller is confined to the transaction itself. This definition is inadequate for marketing purposes because it ignores guarantees, after soles services, installation, maintenance, consultancy, delivery, credit, etc. which distinguish one transaction from the next but often “free” or included in the price.

 

Price in marketing is still broader than the economists conception. It is as much as the total product i.e the amount of money paid to acquire a good or service plus the cost of guarantees, after sales services, maintenance, consultancy, delivery, credit etc.

Price plays a central role in economy as a whole. It balance demand and supply, provide an incentive for new product distributes income between buyer and sellers, professionals consider price from two perspective which are consumer (suppliers or services of the product) and provider (services provided for a fee to product users). An organization that wants to provide a satisfactory marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion). The price of its product must be acceptable to target marketing members. Price has a direct impact on company profit and all other elements of the marketing mix. Thus, the price of a product can be on influence on how consumers perceive it and how prospective seller attempts to optimizing this return. He tries to deal with volume, cost and price but he cannot keep them all in the air at a time. If he increases the price of his product, his volume of sales will fall and if he reduces the price, the volume of sales will increase.

 

The main purpose of these study is to examine the activities of price and price change on the sales of consumer products in Mr. foods, it would however, highlight the problems and prospect of price changes in other to provide possible solutions that would be beneficial to the management.

 

• Statement of the problem

The issue of pricing decision and the effect of change in price is sensitive to both firms producing homogenous consumer goods and buyers of such products. On the part of the firms, it is only price that brings about revenue, as such a slight change in cost of production lead to price increment while the buyers on the hand, price is among the major determinant of buying or buying a product or services. In spite of the sensitivity of price, business organization tend to commit common mistakes in their pricing decision. This is evident in the way some organization frequently review their prices upwardly while others fixed their prices independently of other marketing mix element as well as their competitors. This has made so many firms in the consumer goods industry to close shop due to their inability to effectively compete. Hence, the effect of price change on the sales of consumer goods has cut the attention of business managers, captains of industries, consultants and scholars. As such the researcher sees the subject matter of this research worthy of investigation.

 

• Objective of the study

The central objective of the study is to examine the effect of price and price change on the sales of consumer goods.

The specific objectives are:

1. To find out the effects of price policy on sales of consumers goods in Mr. Biggs.
2. To examine how change in price affect the market share of Mr. Biggs.

• To examine the various price of strategies used by the organization in fixing pricing of consumer product of Mr. Biggs.

1. To find out the effect of change in price on sales of consumer product of Mr. Biggs

 

• Significance of the study

The study will be beneficial to firms producing consumer products, especially as they utilize the finding of this study as a basis of their pricing policy. The study will equally contribute to knowledge as it will

EFFECT OF PROMOTIONAL TOOLS IN PRODUCT MARKETING

 

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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Promotion as we all know is an integral part of the entire marketing mix variable and concepts. Promotion is done for all marketing activities to have a feel of what the targeted market (consumers) feels or think about other variables of the marketing mix.
Production and marketing of goods and services make room for pricing placement and product. In promotion of goods and services communication process techniques must be applied, communication techniques have no dear demarcation from promotion because both strives to create awareness in form educate, entertain, influence, demand and create room for response and feedback.
Modern marketing calls for more than developing a product, pricing it attracting and making it attractive and accessible to target customers. It calls for the need for companies and organizations to communicate through promotion with their present and potential customers so as to be sure of its market share, loyalty, degree and the strength technique of its competitors.
Communication does not only inform and encourage buying through its persuasive element promotion market is possible for producers and marketers to keep abreast with information be it strategic operational tactics that will help the promotion mix implementation of the entire programme as regards to feedback and response communication and promotion as carried out by many modern organizations and firms is not only to influence and encourage buyers to accept and buy their products, services or ideas as it is done these days. It is don’t to enable organizations to establish a good reputation for trustworthiness progressive and social responsibilities and status that will automatically give such organizations or firms and edge over competitors and rivals in the same filed.
Die to dynamism in technology and computer advancement promotion and communication are changing overtime and its viewed as the management and customer buying process overtime, this includes the process involved in preserving, selling, consuming and part consuming stages. Initially, in the past 8 years back promoting tools and the communication process is just intended to persuade and encourage the consumers to buy the products, but with great consumers awareness and stiff competition between firms and industry the post consumption stage is of major concern as the pre-selling and selling stage respectively because most firms induce the post sales dissonance so as to improve in the reputation and image in the eyes of the consumer.
Presently, every stage of the communication and promotional stage is attached with the same importance and this justifies the reason for more funding of the promotional on improvement of sales volume market share increases awareness, good consumer marketers relational programme is one of the most important factors in product marketing because all marketing activities depend on communication be it internal or external, the aim is always to create awareness and understanding of firms plan, infernally and firm sales volume share, competitors, weakness, government policies and micro environmental factors external.
Precisely, the impotence of promotion is product marketing should be viewed as the positive element of marketing that will nor only help to sell and increase sales volume but will help to build the corporate image of the firm over a period of time and such outstanding reputation will help to foster a good management -customer relationship that will entail social responsibility and that marketing concept of today.

Historical Background of UAC foods
UAC Foods a division of UAC Plc was established in 1906 and was named Royal Nigeria Company which because United Africa Company in 1945 comprises of 3 companies which were merged together and they are as follows:-
1. PAN ELECTRIC
2. REFRIGERATOR AND AIR CONDITION (R.A.)
3. UAC NIGERIA LTD.

The researcher was made to understand that UAC Plc of Nigeria was with Unilever United Kingdom but during the 90’s UAC Plc, solely owned by Nigerians with the Federal Government of Nigeria with 6-% distributed to various shareholders UAC Foods produces consumable and ready made such as:-
1. Snacks
2. Farm and Poultry product

It was observed that most of the raw materials needed are locally sourced. UAC Plc has chains of branches in Nigeria but the researcher is giving special emphasis on Kaduna Branch. UAC Foods are located at No. 5 Gidan Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello Way by Leventis roundabout, Kaduna. It’s branches are at Kano, Jos, Maiduguri, Abuja, Port –Harcourt, Onitsha, Benin, Lagos, Ibadan. These branches are well staffed and serve as outlets for distributing various products of the organization to different parts of Nigeria. At the time of research the staff strength of the organization is 1,050 made up of skilled and semi skilled labour.

1.2 Statement of the Problem
The main problem that besieges organization as concern promotion tools used in project marketing is that of choice.
Considering the different tools available to marketable such as advertisement, sales promotion, personal promotion, personal selling etc, a decision has to be taken on which world not be most effective.
Many organizations have had problems in choosing the promotional tools and they end up using channels which are suitable for ten that would be the most effective shall depend on factors like availability of funds, location of costumers, degree of competitors etc.
Another problem is manner of conducting pro