EFFECT OF MILITARY DICTATORSHIP ON THE NIGERIA MASS MEDIA

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ABSTRACT

Media industry contributed positively towards the up-liftment of socialization in Nigeria.

This project work is bold step into media industry structure and then contribution to the nation at large. Several aspect of the media were analyzed. Important aspect of the media and problems that are believed to be hindering the social responsibility of the Nigeria mass media under military dictatorship were also looked into.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Problem of the study
• Objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research question
• Hypothesis
• Definition of term
• Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Sources of literature
• The review
• Summary of literature

CHAPTER THREE

• Research method
• Research design
• Research sample
• Measuring instrument.
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Expected results

CHAPTER FPUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

• Data analysis
• Results
• Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATTION

• Summary
• Conclusion
• Recommendations

REFERRENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

QUESTIONNAIRE.

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

There is the belief in some quarters that the Nigerian press under the military regime is characterized by the “Praise signing syndrome” of the Nigeria society. Some other critics say that Nigeria are strange among praise singers, accusers and sympathizer. When a government is in power people sing praises of the administration even in the face of glaring inefficiency of the public office holders.

On January 15, 1966 when the first military regime came into power, the late Major General J.T.U Agnyi Ironsi was eulogized for establishing a military government based on group of principles. When Ironsi was killed in July 1966 counter coup, he was described by one Newspaper columnist who was one of the most local adherent of the Ironsi administration as “A hard drinking general whose administration lacked a sense of direction.

In Gwon’s leadership he was praised flattered and worshipped. It is mentors and adviser referred to him as “God given leader” However when the revolutionary coup d etat by the late General Murtala mohammed swept Gwon out of Dodan Barracks. The same praise singers turned around to call the former God given leader such un complimentary names as Wanted man” frigitive offender” and so on

The Murtala/Obansanjo regime which handed over power to the civilian was accused of painlessness without Nigerians knowing that the successor of that regime would be on epitome of painlessness. Graft and squander mania

Again in December 31, 1984 another coup d’etal which saw major General Mohammed Buhari as the head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces of the federal republic of Nigeria came to pass with the coup, expectation of Nigeria including individuals organization and educational institution become high.

The Nigerian press as the spokes man of the people maintained ands echoed the expectations of the regime. That was another movement of looking back to what the situation was before the military came in. expressing the people’s view and opinion as to what the new military administration would do.

THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT

The Enugu state broadcasting service (ESBS), Enugu like other electronic media in Nigeria has been carrying out its communicating function of informing educating, entertaining, persuading and public enlightenment, advertising and other social programmes to the people of Enugu state and beyond. In this study I employed the social scientific methods of questionnaire survey and indepth interview method to draw inference to my work.

The work is divided into five chapters. Chapter one introduced the electronic media and the guide on handling the topic including the significance rational of the study. The chapter two had literature review which x-rayed the summary of related literature review. Chapter three explained the research methodology used to study the topic. The research, which included the questionnaire and survey method and interview. Chapter four shows the data presentation and summary of result finding which are made relevant to research question. Chapter five finally handle the discussion, implication, recommendation, discussion and conclusion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• Background of study
• statement of the research problem
• the objective or purpose of the study
• the scope of delimitation of the study
• research questions
• significance/rational of the study
• Research hypotheses
• definition of terms
• theoretical frame work

chapter two

• review of literature
• concept of economic development
• History of electronic media in Nigeria
• summary of related reviewed literature

chapter three

3.o    research methodology

• Research question
• population of study
• sample and sampling procedure
• Instrument for data collection
• validation of the research instrument
• Reliability of the research instrument
• method of administration of the research instrument.
• data analysis

chapter four

• data presentation and result
  • demographic data presentation and  result
  • date presentation and result findings

chapter five

• conclusion and recommendation
  • Conclusion
  • Implication of result
  • Recommendation

Reference

Appendix

Questionnaire

Organigram of ESBS, Enugu.

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The electronic media which is the focus this study comprises the radio and television. The sophistication of these media of communication distinguished them as the wonders of modern communication.

Just as the twentieth century dawned, a system was perfected which electromatnetic impulse could be sent through the air without wires carrying voice transmission over long distance.

Electronic media are the machinery or an institution used for simultaneous transmission of information to a wide and divergent audience. Although the electronic media are channel for which information is transmitted to the audience through the different types of media, yet they represent the attempt of man to relate to and interact with other men. It is clear to note that communication has been enhanced nationally and internationally with the use of technology. Mr. E.N. Aniabona in his contribution to the impact of broadcasting in a developing context has this to say about electronic media” Electronic media are powerful and effective instruments for achieving national goals such as widespread education for both children and adults in other to realize the set down objective in economic growth, healthcare, political and social awareness, political stability self reliance and national identify among other things”.

Electronic media are aimed at presenting programmes like news, drama, interview, health and family planning religious programmes and agricultural programmes.

The electronic media include the radio, the television and the Cinema. Our focus is on the radio, as the first source to which people tune to for the latest development in time of war or crises. We look on radio during announcement of annual budget by the head of the state governor, according to Gulgleime Marconic “Radio a potential means of supplementing telegraphy, the most important long distance communication medium of the late nineteenth century”. Radio was the most popular entertainment and news medium. To a degree, the radio receiver was the center of the home and family activities frequently revolved around the broadcast schedule. The average station schedule had something for everyone from news and commentary through variety and comedy, to religious discussion, sports and children’s programme.

 

COMMUNICATION: A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY OF THE STAR PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT

This project work tries to examine communication its effective management of star printing and publishing company limited Enugu State

The printing industry in Nigeria just like the other industries is quite an enterprising one over the years it has continued to enjoy favovrable government gestures politics and stands to receive more judging from the trend of government emphasis in the development of the industry for example the opening of the Oku- Iboku new sprint manufacturing plant in cross River state howver as business continues to grow so does the industry need to be reviewing its communication system to meet the challenge posed by the growth? Therefore the industry embark on involving the staff in the communication process to be aware of activities in the industry and to continue to follow the trends of evant of the company.

It is expected that with the involvement of the staff in the communication process the communication process in the organization becomes more effective hence management ability enhanced.

The researcher therefore wanted to find out if such efficient communications do exist in the star printing publishing company limited.

For the purpose of this study the researches made use of both library research personal interview and the survey approach and found out that there was encouragement of direct contact between top management and employees that can detect a problem in the organization that the communication feed back mechanism existing in the organizaiton needs a little re-organization and that there is a difference in the way communication is disseminated in the organizaiton.

Hence the researcher advanced some pertinent recommendation on the need for elaborate and clearly written down procedures of communication was advocated and finally the researcher highlighted the importance of effective feedback mechanism.

TABLE CONTENTS

Cover page

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Hypothesis/ research question
• Significance of study
• Scope of study/ Definition
• Definition of terms

Reference

CHAPETR TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Definition of communication
• Characteristic of effective communication
• Need for effective communication
• Feedback as aid to effective communication
• Barriers to effective communication
• Summary of related literature

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research design
• Data collection
• Research instrument
• Research procedure
• Method of data analysis
• Distribution and retrieve of questionnaire
• Validation and reliability of the instrument

Reference

CHAPETR FOUR

PRESENTION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

• Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDING SUMMARY CONCUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• Finding
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Implications
• Recommendation

Reference

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The star printing and publishing company limited Enugu was born on the 1^st October 1975. it took from the reliable publishing company ltd. Publishing of renaissances newspaper. The maiden publication was launched in October 1^st 1975 and was called daily star” and subsequently “ the star” was adapted by the company the company is managed by men if proven integrity in the field of management. They realize the important role of communication play in any business set up in order to propagate this role workers of different position in the company have been sent on course both in service and long term overseas training in order to achieve improved performance it is disheartening therefore to finds out that after all these efforts the communication system in the organizaiton continued to deteriorate. In the words of EB flipo et ab commumcation serves as a lubricant that faster the smooth operation of the management process. In contrast to what is obtained these days in business organizaiton, which is characterized, by management directive and authoritarian behaviour of management.

Adequate communication system ensures flexibility and   offers the management and subordinate the opportunity not only to identify problems but also to co-operate in designing solution to them. The cause of communication problem in the company could be attributed to the fact that individual differs.

This is problem that a company inherits because they are common to the society individual are born with different potentialities they also must have had different experience during their childhood youths and as adult   they have had employers an supervisor who have exerted a variety of influence upon than problem arising from the company psychological climate which tends to obstruct communication. One organization may be permissive in that employees allowed expressing them selves freely and encouraging participating in way of the important activities. Another organizaiton may be autocratic that individuals are expected to express their opinion and otherwise discouraged from engaging in participative activities expect in rare instance such might be the case of star printing company limited Enugu.

Mechanical inefficiency could also be the cause of the problem in the company. This advanced in the same that they originate from lack of proper facilities on means of communication like telex telephone telegrams fax machines etc. These factors on tools used for receiving or sanding urgent business information when any of these equipment is not functioning proper information flow is distorted and this is in the interest of the organization this study intends to survey the various ways by which the management of the above named company communication with its environment it is no exaggeration to say that the communication function is the means by which organized activity is unified communication may be cooked up as the means by which behaviours is modified change is effected information is made productive and organizational goals are achieved. Whether we are considering business enterprise the transfer of information from one individual to another is absolutely essential. Acting as a binder communication provides information that garden both the smallest subunit and entire complex towards organization goal accomplishment.

Communication is essential for internal function any organization because it integrate the management function special communication is needed to establish and disseminate goods to develop and arouse members of the organization to lead direct motivate and create a climate in which people wants to contribute. Communication also relate the enterprise to is external environment it is through information exchange that controlled of he division are aware of how their products are. And also through communication an organizaiton comes into an open system interaction with is environment

AN ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER READERSHIP PATTERN AMONG THE YOUTHS (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T STUDENTS)

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. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR SITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

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 Account Number:  0117780667. 
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Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the Newspaper Readership pattern among the youth. This arose because it was thought that the youths did not read newspapers and their use of other media was minimal.

Against the background of seemingly lack of readership among the youths, questionnaires were drawn and administered to ascertain the extent of reading habit formed by this group.

The students of the Institute of management and Technology Enugu were used as case study. This was good sample as they represent the youths found all over the country.

They all experienced similar socio-economic dilemma. They are also faced with financial crisis as well as education problems.

250 respondents were sampled randomly and data analysed and presented as percentages in frequency distribution tables.

The work traced the reading habits found among the youths. Research questions and hypotheses were used as guides for analysis and conclusions respectively.

The work reviewed other literature on the topic and found out what their results were. The conclusions drawn were based both on other related works of literature and the results gathered form the questionnaire.

The result showed that there were indeed readership patterns among the youths. They showed that students read newspapers and they also buy them on regular basis. The majority of the respondents bought and read when they found convenient. Only a small group hardly bought or read.

Results also showed that students who bought were both more financially and academically favoured than others that had lower reading habit.

It was also found out that sex was on barrier to who read and what was read. The female students read more than the male students, but they both reads the same contents in their favourite newspapers.

Male youths read entertainment news in equal proportion with the female youths. There was also equal reading proportion in contents that have to do with features politics, world news, etc.

At the end of the study, recommendations were made about activities that will help the youth to develop their readership pattern for the newspaper and other media.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• ASSUMPTIONS
• LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
• SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATURE REVIEW
• SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• RESEARCH METHOD
• RESEARCH DESIGN
• RESEARCH SAMPLE
• DATA COLLECTION
• METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
• SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

• INTRODUCTION OF DATA ANALYSIS
• RESEARCH QUESTION
• DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATIONS
• APPENDIXES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The explosion of youth in the population of Nigeria generally has been a cause of interest to the economists as they study consumerism.

This branch of economics helps to determine the consumer patterns and behaviours

Communication is very vital to the growth and development of the psycho-social make-up of a man. This in turn equips the total man in fitting into healthy patterns modeled for definite objectives in national polity.

The background against which this study is being set up includes issues like literary level, the role of the newspapers (interest for the development of man). Other primary concerns are the factors that influence the purchase of the Newspapers, factors that influence the Newspapers, factors that influence the choice/preference of news content.

Sex dependent variables among the study of age brackets, etc. It is in view of this that a remote understanding of the history, mechanics and principles of communication is deemed vital to this study.

Since the existence of man varies, the other forms of communication have been invented to include intra/inter-personal, group, public and mass communication with each characterized by peculiar and specific channel of information dissemination. These channels have further been modified and divided into radio. Television, satellite and the Newspaper, magazine, books. The newspaper being one modified channel of information dissemination, present the element of research for this study.

Because of its important role in the development of the man. Since its invention in the neighbourhood of the 17^th century, it has undergone changes in both content and form. These aspects are worthy of note as they are structured to the readership pattern of the cross section of the society.

The mechanics of communication, which include pictures, cartoons and literate information, become a remote but powerful factor in creating an interest – pool from which a semi-pattern consequently emerges.

The principle of communication in the sense used in this work speak only of the laws of good communication, some of which are good grammar and syntax appropriate use of literary devices that are not hackneyed etc.

IMPACT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF NNPC – PORT HARCOURT)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR SITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

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ABSTRACT

This study was an assessment of the impact of public relations on crisis management.

Two instruments were used to collect data for this study. These were scheduled interview of the key administrators of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. The public relations officer, the chief security officer, the union consultative committee were all interviewed. Opinion survey of the corporation was done using questionnaires.

The findings revealed that formal channels of public relations with the accompanied oral, written and mediated modes of public relations play a major role in crisis management. Mediation was also found to be an effective public relations approach in crisis resolution. It was found that informal channels of public relations are also important.

To create a cordial public relations climate in NNPC, the NNPC administration should practice human relations. This calls for community participation in decision making especially those that concern the community, through regular consultation with union consultative committee.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of the research
• Objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Conceptual and operational definition
• Assumptions
• Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Source of literature
• The review
• The concept of PR
• What is crisis
• The theoretical frame work
• Theoretical background

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Research design
• Research sample
• Measuring instrument
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Expected results.

CHAPTER FOUR

• Content analysis and data presentation
• Test of hypothesis
• Discussion of findings.

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• References

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The assumption that crisis is inevitable in any human organization has gained wide acceptance in recent years. Whether it takes overt form, as in a dispute between two secretaries over one new typewriter, or convert form as with a production supervisor struggling to adopt nigregors “theory”, style or management, while the peers, deride his emphasis upon participation management, conflict is a persuasive force in every organization.

Given, then, that same level of crisis is envitable, it becomes important for the management to discover method not only for identifying crisis but also for channeling it in ways beneficial to his organization. To be able to do this the management must recognize the importance of public relations in an organization and the inter-relationship between public relations and crisis. Public relations serve as the instrument/channel for all organizational activities.

Hence public relations is employed for task, maintenance and human in the organization (Redding 1967) Task relates to various activities of specific concern in an organization for example, messages about improving sales, markets, quality of source, quality of products e.t.c.

Maintenance messages such as policy or organization to remain alive and perpetuate itself. Human messages are directed at people within the organization, their attitudes, moral, satisfaction and fulfillment (Goldhaber 474:13).

From the above explanation of the functions of public relations in an organization, it is evident that public relations problem is often a cause of organizational crisis, get public relations may paradoxically serve as a preventive and curative factor in dealing with crisis as well. Huseman et al, 1970:89.

Hence this research is motivated to see how the management of the NNPC utilized public relations effectively or ineffectively to resolve the crisis in their community.