THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA ENUGU)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research project is to know the essence of radio commentaries and its impact on the listeners.
The project stars with information which given insight into the historical back ground of news commentaries.
It processed to examine the impact news commentaries creates to this listens and the distinguishing features. It then derives into detailed exposition of relevant literature formation of research question and hypothesis.

The research question was formulated to properly address the problem on radio commentary in relation to its listens. Questionnaire were administered to the sampled respondents. The findings on the study reveled that news commentaries have less impact on some resident of the country as a result of low level of awareness and illiteracy.
The research recommended that radio news commentaries should create enough awareness to control the effect of illiteracy level of respondent and also further studies should be encouraged.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of study
1.5 Research question
1.6 Research hypothesis
1.7 Definition of terms
1.8 Assumption
1.9 Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Source of literature
2.2 The review
2.3 Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research method
3.2 Research design
3.3 Research sample
3.4 Data collection
3.5 Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
4.1 Data analysis
4.2 Result
4.3 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE
Summary & recommendation for further study
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The history of radio news commentary in Nigeria dated back to the 1930’s when what was known as radio receiver was just a wooden box and as amp liter. The audience has thrilled by these live commentaries run by various pioneer commentators.
Ever since the tradition of running radio commentary has remained with radio to this day.

In presidential democracy such as ours news commentary whether on the radio newspaper or television do not only serve as surveyor of public opinion but also serve as a requisite for bridging the credibility gap between government and the governed.
Perhaps, it might be necessary to draw a line of distinction between news and news commentary. A news caster presents straight news without additional comment. While a news talk provides background information to the new. Writing on the uses of radio, Richard Aspinall said that:
“with limits radio can persuade and effectively influence large audience thereby contributing substantially to the thinking of the nation”
in the Nigeria media house today news commentary has become a ferment feature. Airtime is allowed to news commentary immediately after major news- bulletins perhaps as an attention gaining strategy. The media house not only give air space to commentaries written by its own staff but also uses those written in the additional headlines of various new papers this giving freedom of expression a chance.

Today the media house news- commentary not only interpret the news but sometimes comment on societal problems but what happens to the problems or issues of the society and the views expressed by the news- talk after these Tracie broadcasts as in the media house?
Do they influence the attitude and an opinion of the country’s listening public?

THE ADVENT OF MODERN COMMUNICATION GADGETS: IMPLICATIONS FOR NIGERIAN JOURNALISM

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT

          The advent of modern communication gadget –implication for Nigerian Journalism. The tittle of this study took a vivid look at the coming of communication gadget, more powerful than the ancient ones to take care of adequate communication outreach to the whole world.

It treats in succession the introduction of communication among the earlymen, the need for and the introduction of ancient communication gadgets, gradual immovations of the old and the invention of better comuniation gadgets and the proliferation of the gadgets into what is today know as the global village of communication.

Five chapters were used to achieve our win on this topic.

Chapter one: introduce the topic in forms of background to the study, significance of the study, objectives, definitions of terms and references.

Chapter two- deals with review of related literatures and comments.

Chapter three – in accomplishing this task, we adopted the historical methodology in our research using investigative approach.

Chapter four- analysis of the data collected in chapter three.

Chapter five- we made conclusions and recommendations based on the topic we have studied.

It is our belief that this research is an additional material or knowledge in this area of human endeavour.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 

CHAPTER FOUR

PRELUDE TO INVENTION OF MODERN COMMUNICATION GADGETS

THE PRINT MEDIA –PENMAN TO PRINTER

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE

THE PHONOGRAPH MODERN TAPE RECORDERS

THE RADIO

TELEVISION

HUMAN COMMUNICATION GADGETS

INTERVIEWS

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          communication is so central to human existence and all human activities that it would be fool hardy for any group or nation to put it in the background in its economic, political, social and other activities infact, we are bold to say that communication is the most usual factor in building an organised, unsted and progressive nation; the without it, there will be no national entity and no effective solution to national problems and national development. All these can be confidently said because of the obvious fact that all human activities take place in cross-five of information flow and communication, whether in inter-personal, group, local, state national or international level.

Man was created to be gregarious and because of these qualities, they have always had to fall back on one another in interaction recognized as human communication.

This refers to the process of transmitting message, idea and attitudes and creating meanings between two and more people usually through the natural facilities of the human voices, sensory organ,s facial expressions, body manipulations and lately machine-assisted channels or devices. Even now, the import and importance of communication in our modern and sophisticated society cannot be over emphasized.

The awareness for these necessities introduced mass communication into the world. It is a process by which a complex organization with the aid of one or more machine produce and transmit message directed at large, nitrogenous, diversified and scattered audience. It is also the act of communicating to mass audience through the use of mass media such as books, newspapers, magazines, films, radio, television and computers to mention but fees, that the field of journalism in Nigeria have used as a medium to get information across the audience. Communication had been in existence all the while but it was never a kind of mass involvement because the world them lacked advanced equipment or gadgets that could carry these messages and information to many people at the same time (mass effect). The great discaceroes and inmouations of communication gadgets from early 30’s to date has changed communication from primitive kind to modern (mass) kind.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON “THE IMPORTANCE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH IN BROADCASTING”(A CASE STUDY OF THE ESBS ENUGU)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

• THE IMPORTANCE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH IN BROADCAST PRINT

1.1     Introduction

• Assumption
• Statement of research problem
• Statement of research question
• Objective of the study
• Hypothesis
• Scope of the stud
• Limitation of the study
• Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

• Sources of literature
• Review of literature
• Important of pidgin English in broadcasting
• The review of literature
• Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE

• Research method
• Research design
• Research sample
• Data collection
• Measuring instrument
• Data analysis
• Expected result
• Expected results

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and results

• Data analysis
• Result of hypothesis test
• Research discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Recommendations for further study

Reference

Bibliography

Questionnaires

 

CHAPTER ONE

THE IMPORTANCE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH IN BROADCAST / PRINT

1.1     INTRODUCTION

Pidgin English came into existence as a result of the coming of the colonial masters to Africa, the highly respected philosophers – said and I quote, “No language is an Island meaning that language only came into existence through a pre – existed one. Pidgin English came into existence through English Language.

The coming of the white men to Africa really changed a lot of cultures, languages, norm, ethnics and non – ethics values etc in African. The language pidgin English started during the colonial era, then, it was very essential for them to understand the white man’s language in order to be able to fit into the happening in the society.

Those days, if a black man manages to understand the white man’s language, he is given a big post ahead his fellow black men for instance is the film titled “The battle of Musanga”, were the major character was “Mr. Johnson because he understands the white man’s language, he was kept ahead of his people as a mediator, intercessor and interpreter between the two recess, and with that, his financial income was somehow above that of his people only his extravagant way of spending made him broke always.

Pidgin English took a solid stand when slaves were freed in Sierra lone (Freetown), when they found themselves in Freetown and having no other language to speak than the English they know, and also considering the fact that most of them has lost their mother tongue as a result of slavery it was then, they started breaking the white man’s language (English) into smaller segments in order to understand the message of one another, otherwise known as pidgin / broken English.

Examples of pidgin English is as follows:

PIDGIN ENGLISH	MEANING	GOOD ENGLISH
Make I come	”	I am coming
Make I come?	”	Should I come?
I won go	”	I want to go
You wan fight	”	Do you want t fight?
Make I see person	”	I want to visit some one
I won shop	”	I want to eat
Hungry decatch me	”	I am hungry
Comot for road	”	Go away from the way,
She sabi book?	”	Is she brilliant?
You fit run?	”	Can you run?
E’m feet run o–	”	He might run
I won rest	”	I want to rest
Your head no correct	”	You are crazy?
Go carry my good come	”	Go and bring my food
You be devil	”	You are a devil
Forget my side	”	Forget about me.

Sometimes pidgin English can be mixed together with one native language examples are:

PIDGIN ENGLISH	MEANING	GOOD ENGLISH
You de kolo?	”	Are you mad?
You de yan dust	”	You’ve said rubbish
You deyamtuatin	”	You are saying rubbish
You be hua	”	You are a fool
You be sabi sabi	”	Mr. know all
You be gbeboru	”	A gossip
You don yan okpata	”	You’ve said non sense

All these idioms were used by our fathers then to make sure there was proper information dissemination. Come to look at it, we shall need this pidgin English language to communicate effectively with a massive number of Nigerians who shall up till this time, do not understand good English because communication without response or feedback in the communication line or fraction simply means that communication has not taken place.

So since communication stands as the life wire of every society, at all spares of the society educational, cultural, industrial, even at the rural levels, the farmers, headsmen traders and labourers require constant dosage of information to function optimally. The nature of this project narrows our means of communication to the broadcasting and print medium of communication.

Communication occupies a key position in human existence. It is the most vital factor in building or developing an organized, united and progressive nation. Without it, there will be no national development. It is an established fact that every human activity involves information and communication.

Truly speaking, for an average Nigerian to survive and function well in our modern and developing society, we need information. He needs to communicate with other in the society just as his physical requirement of food and shelter. He needs to know what other have in mind and what their feelings as on any particular issue. He needs instant information about himself, about his government and about the economic state of the nation. In a nut shall, pidgin English is what ever medium used for dissemination of information, be it in the electronic or print media will always have a positive effect on massive number of the audience or Nigerian community especially in the rural areas.

1.2     ASSUMPTION

It is highly assumed that the Enugu urban is interest in verbal and print information / communication made in pidgin English.

It is also assumed that the degree of education in Enugu is still pretty low, hence Enugu urban ties usually understands the surface structure of an utterances and paid to come to grips with the underlying meaning of communicated messages in pure English.

CAMPAIGN FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIA: IT’S STRATEGIES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

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ABSTRACT

Women! Power! These two words when spoken in connection with each other produced an unpleasant sensation, often leading to rejection and disgust. The context seemed queer and indeed to the general male populace today. More so, In Nigeria, they should be rarely be united. So read the thoughts of the offended.The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her…He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had not voice…He never permitted her to exercise her inalienable rights to the elective Franchise.

 

He has made her, if married, in the eyes of the law, civilly dead… she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming to all intents and purposes, her master the law giving him power to deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement. If simple, and the power of property, he has taxed her to support a government which recognizes her only when her property can be made profitable to it.He has denied her the facilities or obtaining a thorough education…He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty remuneration.He has created a false public sentiment by giving to the world a different code of morals for men and women.He allows he in church, as well as state, but a subordinate position…He has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willingly to lead a dependent and abject life.

Sencca Falls Delaration

Early Feminist Movement

Such thoughts stimulate the need for attention re-orientation of sense of justice and rights, greater respect to the woman, not for what she is (a woman) but also who she is (a human). Campaign for women empowerment in Nigeria leaves no part of their strategy unaffected, unaltered and untouched. The question now is how far having women fared in campaigning for their empowerment: This is the object of this study. In chapter two, the researchers review literatures having relevance to the subject matter. Chapter three specifies the methodology adopted for the study. Chapter four is on data analysis and presentation, while in chapter five; the researcher summarizes the whole exercise makes recommendations on how to tackle the problem with a view to extricating women from the predicament they find themselves.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTION
• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
• CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS15
• ASSUMPTIONS
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1    DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES AGAINST WOMEN

• WOMEN AND EDUCATION
• WOMEN AND POLITIES
• WOMEN AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT
• WOMEN AND COMMUNICATION
• WOMEN AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
• OBNOXIOUS AND DEHUMANIZING

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

• WOMEN AND LEADERSHIP POSITIONS
• STRATEGIES USED BY WOMEN
• PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLOGY

3.1    RESEARCH METHOD

• RESEARCH DESIGN
• RESEARCH SAMPLE
• DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
• EXPECTED RESULT

CHAPTER FOUR

• DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1    ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1    CONCLUSION

• SUMMARY
• RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is believed that over the years, through the cultural norms in certain societies among which is Africa, and in particular, Nigeria women have been marginalized in the scheme of things making them feel unappreciated in spite of the contributions they make. Women are told that they could be seen and not be heard. As such, they are reduced to mere chattels in the homes is their husbands.

In some cultural setting here in Nigeria, women are subjected to undue hardships and torture as a result of the death of their husbands as if they contributed to their husband’s death. They are denied possessions of their husband’s property, and are even asked to give account of their husband’s possessions where the perpetrators fail top recover from the widows as much as they expected from them. Some women are forced to sit on bare floors for the duration of their husband’s burial periods of the day and also forbidden to take their baths or eat except at approved periods.

 

This, societal laws reduce female to a state of powerlessness, Okoye (1995) on the country, when the wife dies, the husband is adjudged free from all blame and is allowed to move about at will. Christianity has tried to correct these ills in certain communities, but they still prevail in others.

Historically and culturally too, women had hitherto been seen as mere appendages to men, indeed as the man’s woman. Women have often been referred to as the weaker sex and this informs the superior stance of men. The fact that women are judged by their gender rather than by their experience, ability and intelligence does not prove that there is inferior to men but portrays the prejudice against women.

 

One of the most obvious determinations of success is ability. We have some female politicians who, if given the chance, will perform more creditably unlike the male counterpart who are interested in embezzling of public funds.

The women liberation movement has conditioned a lot of women and young girls to believe that they are independent and can do everything. This attitude has led many women to use “double-barreled names” because they do not want to loose their identity and surrender to their new role to motherhood.

IMPACT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF NNPC – PORT HARCOURT)

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ABSTRACT

This study was an assessment of the impact of public relations on crisis management.

Two instruments were used to collect data for this study. These were scheduled interview of the key administrators of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. The public relations officer, the chief security officer, the union consultative committee were all interviewed. Opinion survey of the corporation was done using questionnaires.

The findings revealed that formal channels of public relations with the accompanied oral, written and mediated modes of public relations play a major role in crisis management. Mediation was also found to be an effective public relations approach in crisis resolution. It was found that informal channels of public relations are also important.

To create a cordial public relations climate in NNPC, the NNPC administration should practice human relations. This calls for community participation in decision making especially those that concern the community, through regular consultation with union consultative committee.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of the research
• Objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Conceptual and operational definition
• Assumptions
• Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Source of literature
• The review
• The concept of PR
• What is crisis
• The theoretical frame work
• Theoretical background

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Research design
• Research sample
• Measuring instrument
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Expected results.

CHAPTER FOUR

• Content analysis and data presentation
• Test of hypothesis
• Discussion of findings.

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• References

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The assumption that crisis is inevitable in any human organization has gained wide acceptance in recent years. Whether it takes overt form, as in a dispute between two secretaries over one new typewriter, or convert form as with a production supervisor struggling to adopt nigregors “theory”, style or management, while the peers, deride his emphasis upon participation management, conflict is a persuasive force in every organization.

Given, then, that same level of crisis is envitable, it becomes important for the management to discover method not only for identifying crisis but also for channeling it in ways beneficial to his organization. To be able to do this the management must recognize the importance of public relations in an organization and the inter-relationship between public relations and crisis. Public relations serve as the instrument/channel for all organizational activities.

Hence public relations is employed for task, maintenance and human in the organization (Redding 1967) Task relates to various activities of specific concern in an organization for example, messages about improving sales, markets, quality of source, quality of products e.t.c.

Maintenance messages such as policy or organization to remain alive and perpetuate itself. Human messages are directed at people within the organization, their attitudes, moral, satisfaction and fulfillment (Goldhaber 474:13).

From the above explanation of the functions of public relations in an organization, it is evident that public relations problem is often a cause of organizational crisis, get public relations may paradoxically serve as a preventive and curative factor in dealing with crisis as well. Huseman et al, 1970:89.

Hence this research is motivated to see how the management of the NNPC utilized public relations effectively or ineffectively to resolve the crisis in their community.