Category Archives: mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISING ON RADIO AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

Several studies have been carried out on radio and television and its listernership / viewship over the years. How ever the advert content of newspaper seem to dracu more attention due to the height of complexity of Nigeria’s economic development, the manufactures and other industrialists are becoming increasingly aware of the need of advertising their goods and services to the general public.

To this end both electronic and print media are utilized to send these advertiser’s messages across to the public. The radio or television medium is not left out as one of the means of creating awareness to these products.

Radio and television depend largely on advertising as a major source of generating fund. This study is therefore centred on finding out the effectiveness of Advertising commercials on radio and Television production using NTA/ FRCN as a case study. This research looked at the reason why radio/ television allocate more time to adverting commercials accordingly, the work is divided into five chapters with introduction coming first. The second chapter has a literature review of eminent scholars while chapter three deal with methodology. The rest of the two chapters concluded the work with data analysis and conclusion in chapter four and five respectively. Above all, the research has been an avid interest to my knowledge

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of study
Statement of research problem
Objective of the study
Significance of the study
Research questions
Research hypotheses
Definition of term conceptual definition
Operational definition
Assumption
Limitation of study
Theoretical framework

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

2.1 Sources of literature

The review
Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

3.1 Research design

Research sample
Measuring instruments
Data collection
Expected result

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and presentation
Results and discussions
Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary and Recommendation
Recommendation

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Communication is the act of passing information, ideas and attitude from person to person. Communication includes all the symbols and means employed in passing them. In order to understand other people. One has to communicate. Radio / television are modern means of communication that inform, educate and entertain the public. They play an important role in national development.

Well, talking about radio and television without mentioning advertising is difficult because it’s obvious that no media house can survive without advertisement viewing from the angle of advertising being in existence, it could be taken that the primitive scrawls of the early man on the course were some genre of advertising. Also the biblical account of Adam and Eve and the serpent in relation to the forbidden fruit lends evidence to advertising being in existence from time memorial and almost for the time.”

Advertising is traced to be one of the earliest forms of mass communication namely:- town sire which were used in the dissemination of information about important ceremonies and events, such as inter – tribal ulars, disasters, marriage births deaths and so on. Even till data. Town criers are still being used in many villages in Nigeria to communicate vital information to the village dwellers. The town criers are paid in kind to encourage them.

Describing the town criers gong as a vital advertising signal that alerts the village dwellers about an impending announcement, Josef Bel – Molokwu (1986) notes that the gong as rudimentary as it may now appear, was most effective as an attention catcher, and remains so, no matter how hand we might try to discredit it in the name of the birth of high technology devices.

Adverts are now carried through newspapers, magazines, television, bill boards and so on. we have come a long way since West Africa publicity (now, lintas) was established in 1928, with the initial objective of rationalizing the poster business since west Africa publicity. It introduced the first noon sign for Hercules bicycles in the 1951 and arranged for the first live commercial for star beer and Lola 1960. however advertising practice is best judged by the performance of the three key players of the advertising game the advertisers, the advertising agencies and the media.

Advertising is a very powerful means of promoting goods and services worldwide. That is why advertising is embraced by capitalist and socialist countries alike. How ever, not every body is aware that advertising is seen as no more than a selling tool to bee used by business men. How ever, government, charitable organization and political parties all need advertising for the promotion of their ldeas policies and worth while causes.

The reason why advertising is a more appropriate way of promoting the sale of goods policies, ldeas and stabilization of every media house inherent in the way it is practiced practitioners of advertising believe that all goods, services, ideas, policies and even government are in a kind of conflict. This is the conflict of acceptance occasioned by the availability of competing goods, services, ldeas, policies and government, because of this conflict, not even a military government is guaranteed automatic acceptance consequently, the practice dictates that you look for what is this most sellable aspect is expressed in a unique selling proposition (U S P) which must be consumer – oriented, rather than manufacturer oriented.

Advertising don’t talk down to it takes or chat with consumers. Advertising does not try to force people to do things, instead it appeals to their emotion just like politics and religion.

One of the areas which modern society has spent more time labour and money is in establishing and developing an efficient system of communication radio and television are such systems as it is a very effective means of communication to the audience and advertisers and manufacturers tend to use the medium in communicating to various target audience, viewers and listeners on the other hand resort to these. Madio & television as a means of knowing the available products and services. It is my intention therefore to identify and explain the influence of adverts on the general public of Nigeria. And for this purpose, it would be necessary to find out the impact of advertising on Madio and television production lony time ago, when Nigeria has only 21 states she can only bost of 23 daily and 29 weekly vernacular Newspapers, 54 magazines, 29 madio stations and 32 T.V stations, about 150 static cinesma houses and over 25,000 out door boordings

But currently advertising media abound in Nigeria and today we have about 150 media houses, numerous agencies and sectorial bodies that Nigeria can not be compared to some African countries for we have a glut, media wise. How ever the concern of the advertising practitioner is not only about the availability of media but also their attitude to advertising dispute the government ownership of the mass media, which is only dawning on them that they need advertising to survive government are yet to behave like advertising practitioners as the agencies would like them to do.

First of all, they (government) do not supply even the key media information that is required during selection of media while prepoving for the launch of an advertising campaign. We do not have accurate circulation or readership data from the print media or accurate account and listenship or viewer-ship data from the electronic media. There are cases of materials passed to them to use and never properly handled.

Despite the increase in economic development all over the nation the above reason still hover around media houses and advertising like a canker worm just recently, around October 2005 to be precise, both print and electronic media were called upon to develop data that would assist advertisers in media planning campaigns the marketing director of Nigeria bottling company ltd the maker of coca – cola, Mr. Abraham Ninan made this known in Lagos during their 10h annual general meeting of the advertisers association of Nigeria. According to him, other countries had really available data such as viewership and circulation figures which help the advertisers to know how many consumers they are able to reach at any particular time. He lamented that Nigeria with it’s large market lacks such valuable data.

STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS

The aim of advertising is to create aulareness about the existence of products, services, person, or ldea.

The project research is to be carried out to find out the effectiveness of advertising commercial on radio and television production in Nigeria.

The question being asked is, of what effects is advertising on radio and television production in Nigeria?

Whether it is of negative or positive effect poses some of the problems being discussed, why is that radio and television production need advertising commercial productions programmes and of what contribution is advertising to radio/ television production in Nigeria using NTA / FRCN as a case to study. There is need for federal government to invest more an media institution and advertising agencies they should create advertising agencies and more of the media houses for it’s a disaster if media fall because of lack of income which had of lack of income which had adversely affected of media houses. By creating agencies and media houses.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

One of the principal objective is to ensure that the consumers have the right to protection from misleading advertising and other unethical practices of advertisers.

They have the right to the safety of goods advertised.

The public has the right to the integrity of the advertiser and his agency

Encouraging the immediate establishment of more advertising agency

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

this study will help Nigeria industries to access the effect and importance of advertising our products in radio / television. The study will also be useful to the broadcast media in accessing the effect of these advertisements on the sale of air time. To see whether the objective of advertising in informing buyers of the existence of new products is accomplished.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Do viewers all over the Niger attach importance to advertisement
Do adverts on radio / television influence the product buying habit of viewers / listeners.?
Do the adverts on radio / television influence the sale of the airtime?
Do adverts on radio / television influence production?

Do adverts on radio / television server as a source of income for the broadcast media? Sale of the airtime.
Do adverts on radio / television influence, production?
Do adverts on radio / television serves as a source of income for the broadcast media.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H₁ Viewers all over the country prefer and understand adverts on radio/ television

H₀ Viewers all over the country do not prefer and understand adverts on radio and television.

H₂ Viewers attach much importance to advert on radio and television

H₀ Viewers do not attach much importance to adverts on radio / television

H₃ Adverts on radio / television influence sale of airtime.

H₀ Adverts on radio / television do not influence sale of the airtime.

H₄ Adverts on radio / television influence productions.

H₀Adverts radio / televisions do not influence productions.

H₅ adverts on radio / television serve as a source of income to the broadcast media

H₀ adverts on radio / television do not serve as a source of income to the broadcast media.

DEFINITION OF TERMS CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION

VIEWERS / LISTENERS:- the act of viewing or listening to radio/television.
PREFERENCE:- the act of choosing on thing than another.
INFLUENCE: ability do affect somebody’s belief of actions.
ADVERTISEMENT:– process of melaing known to people the availability, of goods and services.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

VIEWERS / LISTENERS:- total number of people who watch or listen to radio/ television.
PREFERENCE: the amount of likeness of an idea instead of another
Influence: the total number of times people get attracted by the advert on radio / television.
ADVERTISEMENT:- the total number of adverts on radio/ television.

ASSUMPTION

For this study, we have made the following assumptions. That people watch / listen to radio/ television programme, that madio / television programme contain advert on product and services that people watch / listen as they pay in for their airtime.

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

The study is limited to NTA / FRCN Enugu Due to financial problems and time constraints was able to embark on extensive research work within the given areas.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

REFLECTIVE PROJECTIVE THEORY

This theory is saying that the media can have the ability to form or make somebody into nobody and nobody into somebody. The strength of this theory lies on the ability of the media to show and high issues. For the media to be able to accomplish this, the media have to continue pounding or hitting until they achieve their aim. They, the media, raises issues above the market level. Issues should first be reflected before they are projected.

CULTIVATION THEORY

It is a theory that stresses the capacity of media to make people change their behavious, attitudes and change to new ways of life. this theory as propounded by Gerber, cross, signarelli Morgan (1958) assert that the media especially television, exerts a tremendous influence by altering individuals perception of reality.

Gerber et al (1986) hold that television, among modern media, has acquired such a central place in daily life put it classically that the television set has become a key number of the family, the one who tells most of the stories most of the time.

It assumes that the more time people spend watching television, the more their worldview will be like those spread by the television. Here, the television views dominate our symbolic environment substituting its message about reality for personal experience and other means of knowing about the world.

The implication, is that the television message is distinctive, and deviant from reality on several key points, yet persistent exposure to it leads to it’s adoption as a consensual view of society.

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mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

IMPACTS OF THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIAN (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CO-OPERATION NIGERIA)

July 29, 2019 easymaterials Leave a comment

IMPACTS OF THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIAN

(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CO-OPERATION NIGERIA)

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Research topic: Impacts of the Electronics Media in the Economic Development of Nigeria (A Case Study of Federal Radio Co-operation of Nigeria, Enugu FRCN)

The essence of conducting this research is to assess and evaluate the relevance of the impacts of the electronic media in the economic development of Nigeria, using the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) as a case study and also to source methods of promoting the impacts of the electronic media in the economic development of Nigeria positively.

This study wile be divided into five chapters, background of study, statement of research problem, objectivity of the study, significance of the study, the research question to be used, hypothesis, theoretical framework, scope of the study, limitation of the study and definition of terms (operational and conceptual) used in this study.

Chapter two will concentrate on literature review sources of literature. The relevant literature that will be consulted will provide vast information about the impacts of electronic media in promoting the economic development of Nigeria.

Chapter three will treat the research methodologies of this study; it will focus on the area of study, research design, population of study, research sample, sampling techniques, instruments of data collection, method of data collection, method of data analysis and the expected result after completion of this project.

Chapter four will boarder on presentation and interpretation of findings, this chapter will discuss data presentation and analysis, analysis of research questions / hypothesis and discussion of results generated.

Chapter five of this study will focus on summary, conclusion and the recommendations for further study.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Background of the study
Statement of the problems
Objectives of the study
Significance of study
Delimitation
Limitation
Research question
Research hypothesis

References

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research method

3.2 research design

3.3 measuring instrument

3.4 research sample

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

4.1 data analysis

4.2 results

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 summary of findings

52 conclusion

5.3 recommeendation

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In this study, the electronic media which comprise of video and television is the major focus and its impact towards the economic development of Nigeria.

In our world of today, the use of the electronic media (radio and television) is very dominant because of its efficiency in performing its duties to the society.

It is used to transmit information, ideas, options, attitude from people to people and society fo society. It is clear that communication have been made successful through the various programmes offered through the mass media / electronic media thereby enhancing awareness that will promote economic, political and social development in a society.

Programmes such as news, drama, interview, religious programems, commentary etc that are aired through the electronic media are aimed at promoting economic development in a society. Radio is a potential means of information dissemination across wide range of audience starting from the nineteenth century with respect to Nigeria as a nation.

The federal radio corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) uphold the responsibility of educating, informing, entertaining, persuading, advertising and mobilizing of the people support towards the economic political and social development of Enugu state.

The broadcasting medium federal radio corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) which is the case study of their project operates on only Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) which decide the range of events in which will be broadcast to the general public from different techniques of broadcasting.

The station strives well to ensure that all the needed information, ideas and opinion that will impact positively on the economic development of a country will be transmitted to the people of Enugu state specifically.

Some of there programmes focuses on political, economical, social, cultural, education, and religious issues which all impact on the background of people knowledge thereby influencing their view of issues concerning economic development of their society.

The federal radio corporation of Nigeria, Enugu undertake advertisement programmes, sponsored programmes, public announcement programmes and promotion of products and services programs which are all geared toward building the economic disposal of the country.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Electronic media (television and radio) as the means of promoting economic development is very much emphased because of the derived results at the disposal of the government of any society that employs it as the tool for achieving its intended policy.

As the electronic media use transmitters and air-waves in the transmission of news and information to the heterogeneous audience, a great care is taken in order to ensure that all that are to be aired be in lien with the intended agenda of the government which it impacting positively on the economic development of its country through the type programmes offered by the electronic media.

The electronic media is the first and foremost means of entertainment, is also capable of educating and influencing listeners opinion, views, ideas, attitude or behavior towards the state policy should be managed in such a way that will help it to attain the development of the existence and maximum activation when necessary according to the right reason in order to secure perfect self-fulfillment.

The need to fund the electronic media – the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) is crucial, because if this is neglected by the government, attaining its policy of promoting economic development will be futile.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

In this study, the electronic media (Radio and television) being recognized as the most suitable medium for information dissimilation which is geared towards promoting economic development in a country is to be highlighted in such a way to give it credulence, thereby increasing the peoples acceptance of the medium as the best channel for accomplishing such task.

Radio and television as an electronic media is known to be very effective in awareness creation, therefore this study tend to discover any means of promoting the rate at which the medium create awareness that will be directed towards economic development of a country.

It would also be very important to note that this study is to explore the areas that will contribute immensely towards the upgrading of the bank of known ledge of society individual that will help them in adjusting their views about issues that will promote economic development.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The electronic media is a medium for information dissemination has been accepted by a great number of the populace because of its efficiency in its duties, which is why according to Stella Okunna (1997), Radio is the true mass medium in the third world countries because it really reaches a great number of masses. For example, it is used for the wide-spread of information across the rural dwellers of a country thereby keeping them informed with eh tendency of influencing their behavior towards policies concerning economic development.

The essence of this study is to analyse the rate at which the electronic media helps in advertisement programmes, public service announcements, product promotion programmes etc. which are all directed towards promoting economic development of a state.

The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) on its bid to promoting that are aired to the people will be given astute standard from the efforts that will be mate by this study which is why careful attention is needed to be dedicated towards the conducting and completing of this study.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Below are the research questions that were devised that will serve as a guide towards successful conducting and completing of this study.

They are;

Has the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) through its prorammes impacted positively on economic development of Enugu state?
To what extent has the programmes of the federal radio corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) impacted on economic development of Enugu state?
Has the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) through its programmes promoted the policies of government about economic development in Enugu state?
Has the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) through its programmes, created the needed awareness in people about economic development policy of Enugu state government?

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

As it is known, that a hypothesis is a tentative statement that is still subject to statistical test for its approval or denied but is used by the researcher to successful conduct any study.

In this study, below are the hypothesis that were formulated to serve as guide in conducting this study but are still going to be subjected to statistical test for is approval or rejection. They are;

Hi: The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) has impacted positively on economic development through its programmes.

Ho: The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) has not impacted positively on economic development through its programmes.

H2: The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) serves as an indispensible tool for promoting economic development in Enugu state.

Ho: The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) does not serve as indispensible tool for promoting economic development in Enugu state.

H3: The government policies on economic development has been promoted to be accepted through the programs of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN).

Ho: The government policies on economic development has not been promoted to be accepted through the programmes of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN).

H4: The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) has created the needed awareness in people towards the acceptance of the government economic development programmes.

Ho: The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) has not created the needed awareness in people towards the acceptance of the government economic development programs.

1.7 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Agenda-setting theory of the press and mass media was used in this study, because the theory seta agenda for people with its mode of information transmission.

As this theory was coined by Mc Comb and Shaw it was specifically chosen for this study, because the theory offers a way of studying the relationship between world outside what we see.

This theory sates that the media present the public not with the picture of what the world is; but with one that reflects the internal hidden facts of the society. With this therefore, the media have the power of news or information organization and selection in order to influence what people think about and also to come with the interest (Mc Combs and Shaw 1972: 36)

Based on this assertion, the media have if as a duty or responsibility to determine issues that should be graded as the most important and transmit then to the audience, is order to adjust their perception of the importance of the issues. Infact, greater audibility of an even they say, leads to greater public awareness, therefore, the manner in which information is presented by the electronic media, contributes a lot to the knowledge, influence and understanding of such issues to its listeners.

1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study centres on how or whether the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) has impacted on promoting economic development in Enugu state.

It will cover all the contribution made by the electronic media, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) is promoting economic, social, religious and political development in Enugu state.

1.9 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Below are the reasons why this study was conducted in this standard. They include:-

The study was limited to only cover the effort of only the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) in promoting economic development forgoing the contributions made by other broadcast channels.

Inadequate financial disposal limited the extent or height at which this study was supposed to reach.

Also some respondents are reluctant in fitting up the questionnaire administered to them.

Some staffs of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Enugu (FRCN) could not grant an interview for the adequate generation of supposed data that will be relevant in this study.

Time frame allocation for conducting and completing this study is to short thereby resulting in rushing of the study to meet deadline and this made the study to be the way it’s seen.

1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS (OPERATIONAL AND CONCEPTUAL)

1.10.1 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

ELECTRONIC MEDIA: As in this study, it comprises of television and radio that makes uses of electro-magnetic air waves to transmit information to the general public.

IMPACTS: IN this study, this means the effect which the electronic media does towards economic development.

ECONOMY: As used in this study, it means the resources background or financial status of a state.

DEVELOPMENT: As used in this study, development means improvement or increasing of the economic or financial status of a state.

1.10.2 CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF TERMS USE IN THIS STUDY

ELECTRONIC MEDIA: This includes radio and television that makes uses of air waves in transmitting information to people.

IMPACTS: Conceptually, this means the force exerted by one object when striking against another. It also means collision.

ECONOMY: Conceptually, economy means control and management of money, goods and sources of a community. It is also viewed as the system for the management and uses of resources.

DEVELOPMENT: Conceptually, it means a new stage, which is as a result of improvement. It means also to come or bring into a state in which is active or visible.

REFERENCES

Akpan A. (1990), Sound and Sight Communication, Nsukka: Prize Publishers.

Aniebonam, E.N. (1990), Mass Communication and National Development, The Role of Broadcasting in the Development of a Country, Abia: Frontier Publishers.

Ankerman, S.R (1978), Corruption, A Study of Political Economy, London: Academic Press.

Asiegbu, J.U. J. (1992), Human Resources Development and Utilization Policies and Issues, Lagos: Springs Publications Ltd.

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mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

Impact of Television Advertising on Etisalat Market Audience (A Study Of Owerri Metropolis, Imo State) January – June 2013

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Impact of Television Advertising on Etisalat Market Audience

(A Study Of Owerri Metropolis, Imo State)

January – June 2013

ABSTRACT

The major thrust of this work is to arise the impact of television advertising on Etisalat market audience; a study of Owerri metropolis, Imo state (January – June 2013). This work is divided into five chapters, using the survey method a quantitative tool of data analysis. This work is aimed at solving the problem of how to communicate with different demography of audiences of the Etisalat company and the appropriate media to use. This work also helps Etisalat mobile company to know the need of their customer and how to satisfy them, this research work helps Etisalat company to know if the people of Owerri are exposed to their T.V commercials or not. Many literary works and concepts were reviews. The questionnaire approach was also employed to ensure that varying and various shades of opinion about the subject of the research were obtained. Three hypothetical questions were formulated but only one was tested using the chi-square technique at 0.05% probability level for appropriate inferences. This therefore is a research work that breaks down the effect of television advertisement on Etisalat market audience with particular reference on the Owerri metropolis, Imo state.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 4

1.3 Objectives 4

1.4 Research Questions 5

1.5 Research Hypothesis 5

1.6 Scope of the Study 5

1.7 Significance of the Study 6

1.8 Operational Definitions of Significant Terms 6

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2.1 Taking A Look AT Television 7

2.2.2 History of Television Development 9

2.2.3 Functions of Television 9

2.2.4 Emergence of Television in Nigeria 10

2.2.5 The Nature of Advertising 12

2.2.6 History of Advertising 14

2.2.7 History of Advertising in Nigeria 16

2.2.8 Etisalat Mobile in Nigeria 18

2.2.9 Impact of Etisalat Television Advertising On Consumer Choice/

Demand and Consumption Level in Owerri 19

2.3 Review of Related Studies 21

2.4 Theoretical Framework 22

2.5 Summary 22

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHOD 23

3.2 Research Design 23

3.3 Population of Study 23

3.4 Sampling Technique and Sample Size 24

3.5 Description of Research Instrument 24

3.6 Validity and Reliability of Data Gathering Instrument 25

3.7 Method of Data Collection 25

3.8 Method of Data Analysis 25

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 27

4.1 Introduction 27

4.2 Testing of Hypothesis 37

4.3 Discussion of Findings 39

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction 42

5.2 Summary of Findings 42

5.3 Conclusion 42

5.4 Recommendation 43

5.4 Suggestions for Further Studies 43

References 45

Appendix 46

Questionnaire 47

LIST OF TABLES

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA TABLES

Table 1: Demographic Data in Sex 27

Table 2: Age Distribution 28

Table 3: Educational Qualification 28

Table 4: Occupation 29

Table 5: Marital Status 29

Table 6: Computer Literacy 30

Table 7: Do you have a TV Set 30

Table 8: What Network Service Provider do you operate with 31

Table 9: Exposure of Owerri People to Etisalat TV Commercials 31

Table 10: How often do you watch TV? 32

Table 11: Does Your Occupation Allows you Watch Enough TV 32

Table 12: Preference to TV Watching 33

Table 13: Do you Enjoy Watching Etisalat TV Commercial 33

Table 14: Perception to Etisalat TV Commercial 34

Table 15: Perception of Etisalat Television Advertising to Make More

Demand of the Product and Services 34

Table 16: Arrivals of Television Advertising to a High Level of Customer

Choice and Demand 35

Table 17: Influence of Etisalat Advertising on Consumer Attitude 35

Table 18: Rate of Etisalat Television Advertising in increasing sales 36

Table 19: Impact of Etisalat GSM on the Socio-Economic Life of the People 36

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Advertising has grown increasingly popular as an object of enquiry, a field of professional practice and an index of modern business. Advertising therefore is the dissemination of sales message through purchases time and space, Fletcher (1979). It is also a form of communication through media about products, services or ideas, paid for by an identified sponsor, Ozor (1998:p.1).

Advertising is an exciting, dynamic and challenging enterprise. Its often persuasive, fascinating and its materialistic nature makes it an object of criticism and misunderstanding, Benson-Eluwa (2004,p.3). It is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by an identified sponsor through the various media, Bovee and Aron (1986).

Advertising however, performs functions such as marketing communication, education and socialization. It is now a tradition that every business organization communicates with its diverse audience which include; government, consumers, shareholders, distributors, employees, suppliers, and the general public about their new products and policies. Consumer behaviour on the other hand is as varies as consumers themselves. There is no direct link between the act of placing an advertisement in the media and the behaviour of consumer purchasing the product in the sense in which there is a direct link between the consumer purchasing the product and the product leaving the factory. Consumer’s reaction to an advertisement for a product can be varies ranging from a desire to purchase the product to absolute apathy. However, placing advertising in the media is a form of communication which is capable of buying about a kind of action at a distance in an action which will have a profound effect on the eventual sale of the product.

Advertising generally works on the audio-visual senses of consumers and thereby set up in their minds a chain of reactions capable of influencing their buying decisions, Nworah (2004:p.2) the ease with which advertisements succeed in the process of influencing consumer behaviour will depend highly on the credibility of the message. In the light of the foregoing, this research is set out to examine the impact of television advertising of Etisalat on its consumers. Emerging Markets Telecommunication Services (EMTS), trading as Etisalat is a Nigerian Company duly incorporated under the laws of Nigeria in partnership with Mubadala Development Company and Etisalat of the limited Arab Emirates.

Incorporated in Nigeria as a private company, it acquires the limited Access license from the federal government in January 2007. The license includes a mobile license and spectrum in the GSM 1800 and 900MHz bands. Etisalat acquires a 40% stake in EMTS and is now the operator of the unified Access license. Etisalat has been the telecommunications services provider in the United Arab Emirates since 1976 and has footprint in 18 countries traversing the middle East, Asia and Africa. In its many years of operations. It has built up state-of-the-art telecom infrastructure and taken a leadership position of innovation, and quality service delivery among regional and international operators.

In Nigeria, Etisalat made the first official call on its network on the 13^th of March 2008 in the presence of officials from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and the senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. In September of same year, it kicked off commercial operations with the innovative 0809 you chose campaign which enables Nigerians choose numbers special to them as their mobile numbers. Full commercial operations began in October 2008. In the same year in a bid to make the product (Etisalat) popular in Nigeria they used the face of a very popular Nigerian musician called Banky W so as to boost the sales and recognision of the product. The advert was placed in leading television stations nationwide thereby reaching a large audience. This made Etisalat to be more popular because they used the face of a celebrity the whole nation like.

Television advertising is the most powerful form of advertising because it is welcomed into the home by potential customers and it includes the following elements sight, sound, motion and emotion and its kind of affordable. Television programming produces and paid for by an organization which conveys a message typically to market a product or service. Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television network. The vast majority of television advertisings today consist of brief advertising spots, ranging in length from a few sounds to several minutes. Television advertisement have been used to promote a wide variety of goods, services and ideas. Some of the things involves in television advertisements creating a television advertisement that meets broadcast of standards, and placing the advertisement on television via a targeted air time media buy that reaches the desired customer. To accomplish these tasks it is important to choose a television production company and advertising agency with pertinent expertise in these two areas and it is preferable to choose an agency that both produces advertisements and places air time, because expertise in broadcast quality production and broadcast standard is vial to gaining the advertisement’s acceptance by the networks.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The tempo of present day economic activity is such that advertising has assumed an important role in the realization of corporate goals and through that, the overall achievements of growth targets for the economy, large sums of money have been spent in attempting to justify and measure the impact of advertising in our growing economy. Yet it has not been possible to measure the effectiveness of advertisement in a given marketing programme. In a given market situation, advertising plays a large or small role depending upon circumstances.

However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of Etisalat products and the actual impact of advertising on their patronage. Some of the problems encountered in the course of advertising Etisalat mobile products are; the problem of how to communicate with their audience of different demographic and psychographic trends; the problem of the appropriate media to use that the audience will have access to act all time; the problem of the appropriate time to reach the target audience, and the problem of the actual impact of advertising on consumers and how to determine such impact. These are the hitches encountered in advertising Etisalat mobile products and measuring of its impact on consumer. Therefore, it is pertinent to ask her, what is the actual impact of advertising on consumer buying habit?

1.3 Objectives

To find out if Etisalat customers in Owerri are exposed to their T.V. commercials.
To find out the rate these people are exposed to the T.V. commercials.
To find out the impact of the T.V. commercials on the Etisalat potential customer in Owerri.

1.4 Research Questions

Are the people of Owerri exposed to Etisalat T.V. commercials?
What is the rate to which these people are exposed to the T.V. commercials?
What are the impacts of the T.V. commercials on the Etisalat potential customers in Owerri.

1.5 Research Hypothesis

Ho: Etisalat mobile customers in Owerri are not exposed to Etisalat mobile’s T.V. commercials.

H₁: Etisalat mobile customers in owerri are exposed to Etisalat mobile’s T.V. commercials.

Ho: People of Owerri metropolis do not have a high rate of exposure to T.V. commercial.

H₂: People of Owerri metropolis have a high rate of exposure to T.V. commercial.

Ho: Etisalat mobile T.V. commercials don’t have impact on residents of Owerri metropolis.

H₃: Etisalat mobile T.V. commercials have impact on residents of Owerri metropolis.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study is to determine the impact of T.V. advertisements on Etisalat mobile on residents of Owerri metropolis. In a broad sense, the area of this study covers all the states in Nigeria but for practical purpose the area of coverage has been limited to Owerri. This decision has been made bearing in mind that Etisalat uses are broad and can be delimited to a particular segment in the study for effective research. Owerri is the capital of Imo state and possess the potentials and characteristic capable to generate relevant data for the intended purpose of the study. Like every other modern town the residents of Owerri are literatures with different educational qualifications and are exposed to the technological devices used for advertising. Therefore, the results obtained from this study can be applied to all Etisalat users.

1.7 Significance of the Study

This study will be of immeasurable importance to Etisalat mobile company, researchers, scholars, advertising practitioners, media houses, and the general public. The focus of the study is how to determine the impact of T.V. advertisement on consumers and the best advert strategy to reach to target audience. This will help Etisalat mobile company to know the need of their customer and how to satisfy them. It will help them to reach their target audience with the best approval thus help them to sale their products more rapidly and maximize more profit.

1.8 Operational Definitions of Significant Terms

Advertising: This is the means through which Etisalat present, communicate and promote sales of its products to prospects through the media.

Television: This is the activity, profession or medium through which Etisalat mobile broadcast on television.

Audience: These are the people who patronize or speculate Etisalat mobile products.

Market: This is a place where the purchase and sale of Etisalat mobile products and services are done.

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ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN MOBILIZING FOR WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS (TEST CASE OF NTA CHANEL 8 ENUGU)

July 29, 2019 easymaterials Leave a comment

ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN MOBILIZING FOR WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS (TEST CASE OF NTA CHANEL 8 ENUGU)

ABSTRACT

Women emancipation, women liberation and women empowerment, coupled with women agenda, are all as the result of the role media played in seeing to the inclusion and allowance of women to participate fully in politics which our men see solely as men’s affairs.

The social responsibility theory of the mass media as propounded by Siebert, Petersons and Schramn (1963) provided a functional model for the analysis of media role in political evaluation which women will be part of and maintenance of a genuine democracy.

In order to make sure that women does not participate in governance, the male counterpart reaped them of economic strength such that they will continue depending on men for financial support in whatever they are dig, but only if the man approve of it. Because the media critics temperately, making sure that women participates in politics and governance, in order to make sure that politics is not compromise in any form or manner, knowing that in this cause, human rights should be protected and defended, through the media which minors what the society should be or look like.

This work is an indebt study into the role of the media in mobilizing women for participation in politics. In this five chapter work, chapter one is an introduction to the work, chapter two reviews related literature o the study which I was able to lay my hands on, where d three is concerned with the research methodology while chapter four concern itself with data analysis and result. Chapter five gives summary of the entire work as well as recommendation for further studies.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study 1
Statement of research problems 6
Objectives of the study 8
Significance of the study 9
Research questions 10
Research hypothesis 11
Definition of terms 12
Assumptions 14
Limitations of the study 16

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW 17

Source of literature 17
Introduction 17
Theoretical framework 18
Factors against women participations in politics as related concept that enhance the understanding of “

The role of media in mobilization women for

participations in politics” 20

Summary of literature 27

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology 28
Research design 28
Research sample 30
Measuring instrument 31
Data collection 32
Data analysis 33
Expected results 33

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis 35
Discussion 46

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY /CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 51
Conclusion & recommendations 53

Bibliography 56

Questionnaires 59

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

in recent time women have been complaining of marginalization and denial of rights by successive administrations the world over and, Nigeria in particular.

The beginning federation came as a result of perceived marginalization and alienation of women throughout the world. The 19955 framework of action inter – alia states that; despite the wide spread movement towards democralization in most countries, women are largely under – represented at most levels of government and have made little progress in achieving the target endorsed by the economic and social council of having 30% of women in positions of decision – making level.

This declaration has come to be the globally acknowledged assessment of the status of women in the society and what must be done in the area of empowerment. This empowerment has come to be the major sign post signifying the struggle for and level of emancipation of women in the society through political mobilization and sensitization.

Therefore , political participation of women is an important litmus test of the quality of any democracy. Women play a significant reproductive role and regeneration of society without women, there will be no nation.

The importance of women in both the pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial Nigerian cannot be over – emphasized. Nigeria women had participate life of our society prior, during and after the advent of colonialism.

Role of the media in mobilization women for participation in politics already on and is giving grounds through multiple media approach towards mobilizing and sensitizing women for participation in Nigerians politics

Although the society and government of today are increasely and vaporously pursuing gender sensitive policies in the academic business and public services circles providing mass women education are still significant employment of women, there are area of women participation and empowerment.

Therefore, looking at the past history of Nigeria, one must surely observe the concerted efforts of media (NTA) had made to install and maintain a lasting but genuine democracy which will accommodate women participation.

In many countries of the world, the trend towards democraization of political regimes has been forced upon he powers that be, they must taken account of it and adopt to its demand and jave problems. Third world countries especially Nigeria, have not been left out of this global democratic evolution ( rising) coming-up and engulfing the entire world. Instance abound for references purpose where men in politics have been for their unprential refusal to embrace women participation in politics .

Before the pre- colonial dispensation, our women were referred to as mothers, the custodian of their husbands home and the maager of their various kitchens and a weaker sex whose sole function was to look after the house and give birth to as many children as the man wants and wishes.

Women of our pre-colonial era, were denied the opportunity and right to freedom of association and education from which they were supposed to be enlightened. Women never talked to or with men without being invited or allowed by the man whose wife she is.

As it this humiliation was not enough fathers then, prefer sending and training their male children to schools with the notion that the male child will continue his lineage, while the girl child should not be given any of such training since she will be married out by another man, so that his wealth and suffering in training the female child, does not go to another persons whom they say was going to reap the benefits of their efforts.

This notwithstanding, women group’s still existed such as the Iyalodes, Alages and Erelus in Yoruba alnd, the Umu Ikiporoani, the Umuada, Inyamedi in Igbo land,the Iyaabo in Benin , Owen Amina in Zaria and her amazon generals who though were caped by custom and traditions of the early years, fought earnestly to raise heir heads in government of both rural and regional then.

This struggle of being part of the political state holders incited women towards the actualizing of the Aba women riot of 1929, which was intended by women to use and tell the government of those days how hey felt in their governance.

Though the beginning conference of 1985, gave a road map of 30% of women inclusion in the economic, social and political framework of countries and the world over, especially he third world countries which Nigeria is one of them.

Since then, the media has been playing vital roles towards achieving women participation in politics , which is done through mobilizing women to achieving this course, women participation in politics.

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

The position of the media in the society makes its existence useful and guarantees the survival of the society anytime.

The research problem which I want to find out, is how the political participation. This research topics is deemed a problem because it is arguable in various quarters ( ways) that the media roles in the farm of media programmes, helps in no small measures o sensitive and mobilize women , specially those in our rural areas to embark and support in their fellows who wishes to participate in politics and governance.

Also, in this research, problems that leads to its regards to communications, is the important aspect of the challenges as it has to do with sustaining Nigerian democracy by assisting the democratic government in promoting the proper women participation in politics and governance. In addition, this challenges constraints and problems in the media ole in mobilizing women for participation in politics, reduces high level of illiteracy, and how level of education among greater proportion of the women. Infact, this militates against the effort of the media in this course.

Mobilizing through the media, no doubt is not a new trend in the practices of journalism towards political participation. In recent tikes, debates discussions about women participation in politics are bound while some people welcome it as a healthy development in order to keep government in check as the custodian of power on behalf of the people, other share different view, in that women participation in politics jeopardize the sanity in the carrier and, rumour and personal whims and caprices are being published and carried about due to the fact that those traitors of democracy who always want their selfish interest are always concerned.

Today, the Nigerian women is eager to know all that is happening in the political terrain of the society especially now that Nigeria is stabilizing her democracy.

Media role must be to evaluate and defeact the man who is trying to conceal and deny or debar women from political participation or give a shabby sensitization and mobilization of women.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

With the poor representation of women in politics and governance, groups of women have been meeting., consulting and discussing the issues of political participations. The post – Beiying women’s participation in democracy and governance.

Despites all these efforts in mobilizing sensitizing and urging women, they still remained under – represented in the politics and governance of the nation.

Low interest , low participation and poor success were noticed. This has prompted my interest into trying to find out,

– Why there is such a situation and how NTA Enugu as a communication medium, has been able to ameliorate these problems

– The issues that hinder women from effective participation in politics

– IF our women responds to media ( NTA) programmes towards mobilizing and sensitizing them to participation in politics,

– If NTA (channel 8 Enugu programmes have done anything positive towards women participation in governance and politics in Nigeria and in Enugu State in particular.

1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

It expected that at the end of this study , to update knowledge within the framework of the study. In particular, it will assess people’s views on the usefulness of media programmes on the mobilizing of women in political participations.

This study will be of benefit to radio and television programmes in their packaging of news reports and events, and to academics in their practices and training of journalists.

Also, this study will take some critical analyses of existing knowledge ( if there is any) in relation to advising practitioners on how to effectively make use of television medium as a means of development in mobilizing and sensitizing women for political participation.

It ( the study ) will make a policy statement a s well as research, with a view to making the television more of mobilization and sensitization medium.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In my research study, an attempt will be sufficiently made to answer the following questions.

Where there such a situation in the pre-colonial era?
What are the sociological factors behinds this situation?
Do NTA channel 8 Enugu’s programmes mobilize women enogh towards political participations?
Have our government adapted women in the system?

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The following research hypothesis derived logically from the problems posed in the research questions.

This is necessary in order to give direction, focus as litmus test of the statement of claims or propositions contained therein.

Hi: There were such situation in the pre-colonial era.

Ho: There were no such situation in the pre-colonial era.

H2: Some sociological types of variables are behinds their situation.

Ho: No sociological types of variables are behinds their situation.

H3: NTA programmes mobilize women enough to participate in politics.

Ho: NTA programmes do not mobilize women enough to participate in politics.

H4: Our government have began to adopt women in the political system

Ho: Our government have not began to adopt women in the political system

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Here in my research study, certain key words will be explained into conceptual and operational definitions.

ROLE

CONCEPTUAL MEANING

It concerns itself with duties, part which people choose to play in a drama or position

OPERATIONAL MEANING

Functions , expectations associated on a given post or position.

MEDIA

CONCEPTUAL MEANING

Channel through which information flows

OPERATIONAL MEANING

It includes television, radio, newspaper, magazines and internet which are means of communicating to a large number of people

MOBILIZING

CONCEPTUAL MEANING

To make people ready to pursue a particular causes.

OPERATIONAL MEANING

It has to do with organizing or preparing people for a particular purpose.

PARTICIPATION

CONCEPTUAL MEANING

Involving oneself on a particular causes

OPERATIONAL MEANING

Taking active part in that particular activity

POLITICS

CONCEPTUAL MEANING

It is a game played for power.

OPERATIONAL MEANING

A competition between political parties towards who or which party assumes political leadership

1.8 ASSUMPTIONS

In my study, it is obviously seen that the media will always be at its peak in mobilizing women for political participation through its news programmes, workshops through which these women are enlightened, educated and sensitized more one political participation.

This will certainly correct the gender in balance in politics and promote women participation in politics and governance.

The media (NTA) has contributed greatly to the political reforms in our country through her numerous programmes on politics and women participation, ranging from her news programmes, to periscope Nigerians Women Today, Grassroots and entertainment programmes such as paradise park, which is geared towards institutionalizing women participation in Nigerian politics, thereby making Nigerian women in the world such as in India, Britain and America who stood their ground in political participation up till date.

1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

When this project topics was about to be formulated and approved, I thought it was going to be a smooth and stress free exercise.

On its cause, so many limitations ranging from not knowing where to start, not knowing who to consult or approach for materials not knowing what next to write in various segment of this study and not actually knowing who to put me through is achieving my work.

Secondly, as we know, our nations economy is very bad that finance became a serious problems to my research study due to lack of fund to get to some place people and to one things done since it has become a one man affairs.

Again, despite the fact that I have a project guide, it was not easy for me to arrange my work.

Finally, back pains, dizziness and disappointments cam e my way as well, and my respondents inability to return questionnaires that was given to them.

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THE IMPACT OF INDECENT MOVIES ON CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF AWKUNANAW ENUGU)

July 29, 2019 easymaterials Leave a comment

THE IMPACT OF INDECENT MOVIES ON CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION

(A CASE STUDY OF AWKUNANAW ENUGU)

ABSTRACT

It has been notice that most children no longer pa attention to their books/cares and other home chores due to watching films on their video or TV. Sets after school and weekend.

The information issues in these films shows in the video or televsion receivers is that our cultural vales are being invaded by foreign ones on the aspects of our lives, in the food eat, cloths we wear, he language we speak, even on our mode of social life etc. Most films on video and television deficit indecent or emulate.

It is argued that indecent acts such as violent on the films and movie pictures causes aggressive behaviour on the children this leading them into committing eden acts.

The topic “The impact if indecent movies on child lead socialization was chosen in view of recognition of indecent or immoral behaviours often exhibited by most children on our society.

As or future hope, there should be concerted effort towards x- raging the overall impact of such films in children. To find you negative or positive effects on them and above all to find possible solution this time worn people.

This is also to explores the damages of watching indecent films that may be invlebt in nature and ending solution to check the violent behaviour of children engendered by indecent films exhibitions.

Superfice it say tat this study with also help arrest this ugly situation of encssnt films shows on our video or television set.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 4

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 6

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 7

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY 8

SEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE 8

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 9

CONCEPTUAL & OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS 10

ASSUMPTION 12

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 13

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW 15

THEORIES ON THE EFFECTS OF –

VIEWING TELEVISED FILM VIOLENCE 20

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEWS 25

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & DESIGN 26

RESEARCH SAMPLE 26

MEASURING INSTRUMENT 27

EXPECTED RESULTS 29

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 30

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 36

RECOMMENDATIONS 38

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The topic the “impact of indecent movies on children socialization” is a study that deserves an indept exhaustive treatment. This gas becomes necessary in view of the current diviant and violent behaviour often exhibited by most children in the society.

According to ‘Joy A Ugwuanyi (1999), the increase in the number of vide result centers, the Home and foreign video and the fact that both parents now go out to work, leaving the children on their own, they could walk in to any video rental and pick up any film. This does no anur well for the society.

Moreover most Nigerian children spend a substantial amount of time watching films and views on the television, the child catches a glimpse of deviant and violent behaviours that is country to the ethics and worms of the society.

Because of thus indecent or immoral behaviours often exhibited by most children, many well meaning Nigerians gave consotetly called for censorship of all foreign and home films that is imported or produced in the country. In advanced countries, films are classified. For instance, films reacted as “P.G.” (Parental Guidance) must not be watched alone by a child. He must watch it under the guidance of the parents. There are dome that children above certain age cannot watch. The maintaining council ensures that such films are not screened on the day or early evening. However a lot of developments have rendered these control measures one effective.

In addition, some of these indecent movies especially those that are violent in nature impact a feeling of violent on children after watching the movies.

For number of yeas, “Gerbneretal (1977:176-207) have been profiting the amount if violence in network television. They have been conducting audience surrey to determine whether heavy viewing of a great deal of violence on television, result in a distorted and fearful view of the society.

Result from the study have indicated significant relationship between the amount of television viewing and various indices of fear, must rust and subjective probability of experiencing violence. The more one watches violent films, the is to over estimate the amount.

Gerbneretal (1977) still demographic fays such as found positive and significant associations between the amount of film and television viewing and the amount of perceived violence or fear of violence. Of violence in real world, and the chances of becoming personally involved in a violent come, even the age, sex.

LIPPMAN (1922:121) suggested that the pictures on our head are mainly constructed from the picture we get from the violent film. Also in trying to investigate how specific violent films from the media contents can lead ti te construction of related realified Lippman often referred to the media as encultural cultivation”.

It is perhaps outeresting to note that since the introduction of indecent films in Nigeria, the county has been witnessing interesting increased incidents of crime and other violent acts concerned citizens blamed it on incient attitude social ills, such as demobilization of services men, weak and understaffed low enforcement, agencies , poor police records, high unemployment inflation, non existence of social welfare services, depire of social values and moral standards.

Some of the foreign movies that is capable of inculcating the spirit of violent in children includes “11 days Night, “New Jack city”, scar face etc some of them displayed some acts, like rape ss in “11 days night, and “New Jack city where taking drugs like heroine cocaine are excessively dangerous.

In Nigeria movies, some of them may not be violent in nature but are capable of imbibing deviant or immoral behaviours on children. Some of these movies should be limited to only those featuring Chinedu Ikedieze and Osita Iheme.

They includes:- Charge and bail, Baby police, Two rat, Daddy must Obey, Tom and Jerry and the most famous one among them is AKI NA UKWA. This will be high lighted in the subsequent chapter.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In order to be able to appreciate the impact of indecent movies on the socialization of children, it is important o know the power of that “Home Companies” called Television. This is because movies or films cannot be viewed without the use of television. Television is the most effective, spontaneous, electronic message carried of our time. This bring the secen as it is happening or bring it as it is recorded .

Many Nigerian parents today, whether educated or not television has became a baby – sitter on some homes.

In analyzing the film viewing behavioural pattern of children are would be quick to notice that the vital channel to be used is television. Both positively or negatively influence, he deviant and violent tendencies in youths.

He ubiquity of films in television and rising profit of home- made videos is so wide that people particularly the children are easily at turned to it. In Enugu Urban for instance, the story is the same. Most children no longer pay attention to their books and other domestic chare due to watching of movies on the television sets after school and weekends.

The unfortunate issue these indecent movies shows in our television is that our cultural values are being inaded by foreign ones in all cloths we wear, the language we speak, even on our made of social life etc. Most movies or films watched on television defic violent acts which the children tends to emulate.

STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Movies and we know transmit the cultural social orientation and life of a given society. This indicates that once our children watch movies they became more exposed to the entire culture and social sttling for which the films portroy . In a situation like this, the issue remains that these practices as the view them. This being the case, their moral, cultural and social background becomes subverted, psychological children emulate bad attitudes quietly.

The problem now is that so many children are fond of watch say blue films, war films, karate films and other films that exhibits deviant characters, and the result is that they choose to practice the violent acts after watching them. It is now becoming a thing of serious concern that si many children out of what they learnt from film shows grow up to become armed robbers, murderers, social devicants and what have you,

Another equally serious problem is that even though other variables can be controlled, there is still the fact that children attention is glued to film/ movies shows, once this happens, tendency is that other activities to be performed by children suffer greatly as they are sacrificed for film viewing. The researcher investigated whether juvenite delinquencies can be attributed strictly to viewing televised violence.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The Chief purpose of this study is to come up with an indepth examination of children attitude towards introduction of indecent movies which may be violent in nature.

Furthermore it will seek to highlight some poor attitudes by children arising from violent films shows. On completion, it is hope to establish how various programme on television/ films really influence. Children behavioural patterns and life style.

Above all, it is hope to examine how best some programmes (lilm) shown on the television that causes aggressive behavious or indecent effective the television is patterns of behaviour. Behavious to children could be shaped or modeled to meet the accepted social norms and how

Finally, it will measure in moulding the lives of youths in the society.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study, “The impact of indecent movies on childhood socialization “is designed to explore the dangers of watching indecent movies such as violent films by children and evolving solutions to check the annoying behaviours of children engendered violent films exposure. It will be beneficial not only to the children alone but also youths, parents, educational authorities and government who have express concern over wild character traits from children in recent times. It may be meaningful to all of hem in that information contained in the study will enhance their rate.

There is also a growing need to examines the study with the amount constant attention especially now that the Nigeria society is hwading in “Global Viltage Counting due to the pevasiventure of returnaional communications with broadcasting satellites in operation and international television services.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research Questions that will be posed to children (respondents) between the ages of 8-13 years includes some of the following.

What is your age?
What is your sex?
Do you watch films?
Have you watch the Nigerian movie titled Aki na Ukwa.
Do you like the indecent behaviours by the two children.
Do you think that films influence your bahaviour?
Do your parents regulates your rate of watching films?
Do your children like watching video television?
Does exposure to such film bring about changes in the behaviour of your children?
Would you encourage your children to watch indecent films?
Does such exposure cause positive or negative change?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (Including the null hypothesis)

HI: This will prove or disprove the problem under study.

The more children watch indecent movies he more it affects their mode of behaviour.

Ho: The more children watch indecent movies is not attributed to the type of types of movies they watch.

H2 Indecent or violent behaviour by children is attributed to the type movies they watch.

Ho Indecent or violent behaviour by children is not attributed to he type of movies they watch.

H3 Children naturally exhibit indecent or violent behaviour without being exposed to the movies.

Ho Children naturally does not exhibit indecent or violet behaviour without being exposed to the movies.

CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

Note that conceptual definition refers to the actual definition of term a as in a dictionary. While operational definition refers to definiting terms a sit suits the another or the way it should be in that content

This will only include such terms like impact, children, indecent, socialization, movies/film, Television violence, demography.

IMPACT: According to (5) Longman family Dictionary, a clear concises and modern guide to the English language. Impact is the strong impression or effect on something or the result or an outcome of an action.

CHILD /CHILDREN: According to (6) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of current English as by homby are young human being blow the age of puberty, young person especially between infancy and youth.

INDECENT:- According to (7) Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary, of fourth edition, indecent is an offending against accepted standard of decency or morality in the area of behaviour , talk, gesture etc.

SOCIALIZATION: According (8) Joy A. Ugwuanyi: in her book “The faily socialization is a process of learning the norms and values, attitudes, rates and language system of a given society by an individual.

MOVIES / FILM: This means making a motion picture of a scene or story etc. by means of electricity. Film operations can only be possible if television, video or camera is made use of

TELEVISION VIOLENCE: (9) New comb (1979), define violence on television as an orert expression of physical force against self or another person, with the recent to compel action against cones will on pain of being hurt or killed, or actually hurting or killing.

DEMOGRAPHY: This is the statistical date of such things as age, sex, education level, income and background.

ASSUMPTIONS

The indecent movies on film / television as an impact has profound two side effect for letter or better or for worse on children. But what have been of particular concern are the negative effect of the entertainment role of this movies.

The assumption is that such entertainment programmes are if a violent type which is indecent to children up bringing. It is argued further that such violent acts on the television and movie screen causes aggressive behaviours in the views and lead them to commit violent ir indecent out. Bearing in mind that a great deal of learning either for letter or for worse, he specitre of the effect of modern on the young-stars hannts parents, education, and various child – spirited organization .

The natural propensity for parents educations and some organization to protect children from the lagards of media has mobilized force to question critically what children precisely earn when hey watch such movies as Aki na Ukwa, Tom and Jerry, 11 days 11 Night, New jack city ect.

Admittedly there is in Nigeria very little scholarly evidence to prove that the effects of viewing these televised violent acts are harmful to our children and the youths.

Te reason for the gap between what everyone sees and knows when no one has authoritative prove is probably due to the absence if an in depth studies of the effects, particularly in Nigeria. In any case, some communication experts in the country have recently started to play a lone voice on the subjects.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

A study of this kind should under normal examination or ideally take a notional or even international scope and outlook since the problem being investigated borders on children all over the world. Bu as a result of logistic the research will limit his study to the impact of the film “Aki na Ukwa” on the socialization of children in primary 4,5 & 6 of Enugu South Local Government whose age bracket full between 8-13.

The study will be constrained by time, so the research does not clim hat this study will be hundred percent reliable, taking cognizance of the above mention problem, however it expected that valid result would be obtained and this would ad to the body of existing knowledge in the area of TV/FILM children’s viewing and behaviour.

The research wishes that any replication of this study by scholars and media organizations should takes a more national

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