THE IMPACT OF THE RADIO NIGERIA PROGRMME

NGWO NWA NGWU AKO ON THE PEOPLE OF NGWO IN

UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA (F.R.C.N)

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1     Background to the study

1.2     Statement of research problem

1.3     Objective of the study

1.4     Significance of the study

1.5     Research questions

1.6 research hypothesis

1.7 scope of limitation

1.8   Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Review of literature

summary of related reviewed literature

source of literature

theoretical frame work

the review

the concept :Ngwo Nwa Ngwuako

reason for introducing the programme definition of some terms

summary of literature

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 data presentation result

Summary of findings

chapter five

Conclusion and recommendation

References

appendices

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGRAND TO THE STUDY

The Orgin of Ngwo Nwa Ngwu Ako is a central name for the entire Ngwo people which means the spirit of love ,oneness and the joy of every Ngwo man and woman .This is because history has  it that Ngwo which is made up of ten villages and at mile and recently five autonomous communities had one man as their father .

The man in view was called NgwoAko, hence the unifying name ,NgwoAko   which literally means Ngwo Nwa Ako which literally means Ngwo .sons and daughters of NgwuAko

Although, people from various parts .at Igbo land tired to  interpreter  the name NgwuAko in their various parts. Of Igbo land tried to interpreted the name Ngwo Ako in their various ways .The depends on how the interpreter received Ngwo people and their ideologies. The central point is that ,it is and remains the name   of father of Ngwo  This name is actually of great significance to the people because as earlier mentioned, it gave them the joy originality to existence. This allows the  opportunity to enjoy oneness and unity.  An average Ngwo man dose not forsake his brother or sister when in needed irrespective of their individual differences at home .so when the management of the federal radio corporation of Nigeria (F.R.C.N ) Enugu

 

National station announced that communities within their catchments area   should be governor sponsored air-time to motivate peoples culture Ngwo people saw it as good chance The air time ranged time from 15 mints to 45mines, The rates dietary  .depending on the duration any communities reconciled to a call ,bought on air –time ,Dialectal programmers on Rancho  sponsored ). In the year 1997, one me Emma Onoh from Ameke Ngwo began to short for sponsorship to encourage  culture. The contacted many rich and enlightened people from Ngwo clan. Those  who accepted to sponsor the programmed did not acutely follow surely sponsored the cultural programmed for Ngwo people .The programme it was then title was Ngwo Nwa ngwuako to attract the attention of Ngwo man and women to listen to the programme .  On 12^th June 1997 air –time at thirty mines duration was bought and eight edition of the progrmme were paid for .That was how Ngwo Nwa Ngwuako came on board the (F.R.C.N)Enugu  programme schedule and joined the hest of dialectical progamme on air Emma Onoh was the presenter ,though he later picked one Mr. Moses AGBO to him in the presentation .The sponsors

To him in  the presentation.  The sponsors sustained containing until some time in 1999 when their was a new order in the political till the date of this project.

The impact of radio Nigeria program on people of Ngwo or advantage of the programme in Ngwo people

1. The programme draws Ngwo people closer to the radio
2. It served as a unifying factor
3. The programme made the Ngwo people to have one central festival or culture
4. It under stable that Ngwo people felt a sense of pride that their dialect which they regard as their mark of identification was then being aired over the radio
5. They were able to resist opportunity of sending goodwill messages compliance and greeting messages to their loved ones in their dialect
6. As a result of the programme every Ngwo man and woman both old the young developed keen interest in radio programmes.
7. The programme brought a lot of awareness enlightenment and education to Ngwo people
8. The programme promotes the social culture lives of people e.g. Odo” Aju Mmonwu” Iwa Ji etc
9. The programme creates for Ngwo people sending and other message to love curies as well as receive message and greeting from  them
10. through the program people got to know about activities at home especially cultural special and religious ones which were then announced over the radio during the progarmme.
11. Most of the music played during the programme were indigenous Ngwo music like the popular Ijede Odo Mmonwu traditional msic fore when the programme was on all Ngwo sons and daughter used to have a feeling of nostalgia when they herd these varieties of cultural music in this they kept in tune with home and do no feel completely affected from their people and culture.
12. It was the program that famous Adannma masquerade Trope of Akama Ngwo first attracted national attention which later culminated in their several culture trips abroad that firmly put Ngwo in the map of the world

 

• STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. Poor funding and poor management of radio media to the effectiveness of their performance towards the radio development situation of Nigeria
2. Radio as an institution for a simultaneous transmission information to diverse audience has the problem of obsolete equipment in use.
3. Most of the equipment as transmitters in media house have overstayed their life-span and due for change or replacement. But for poor management and poor funding this is difficult to actualize.
4. Another problem related to this study is government policy/ interface in having their freedom to information and expression
5. There is problem of staff training for greater manpower development if there are adequate opportunities for the staff and retaining there will be a greater performance and result in the media industry

 

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is if actually media organization depend on advertising revenue for their survival and how correct this situation is vis avid FRCN Enugu

 

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research will go a log way towards reviewing the performance of the radio programme and awakening their real towards contributing to the impact of radio Nigeria prgramme.

This is the dream that almost  true in that without the radio programme the message of the radio will not be registered in the mind of the society.  Radio programme if improved in their performance will not be registered drastically wipe out illiteracy and create a high sense of knowledge in pursuant of radio Nigeria programme.

We must not fail to commend the effort of Palul C Kipkow in his discovery of how Radio works and western region for being the first to establish radio.  Focusing and reviewing their impact will booster the positive effect on the impact of Radio Nigeria programme Ngwo Nwa Ngwu Ako

• SCOPE OF LIMITATION OF STUDY

In the course of this writing a lot of problems were encountered as, Inadequate Materials:    Easy access to material for this work became difficult even in the school library the ones seen could not bring the proper meaning or satisfy the demand of the  study in the course of this I had to travel far in obtaining my materials that makes this study writing a reality.

Time factor:  Shuffling in between exams class work and office work with the limited time at hand distributed this work.  It posed an unnecessary delay in carrying out proper research suitable for this study. Time as one of the problem emanated as a result of school calendar programme.

In the course of this work also inadequate funding posed a little treat to the completion even the Libran will request money   form a student or somebody that want to help you in some explanation of setting words all these and others are the combinations of this study

        

• RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Have the radio through their programme Ngwo Nwa Ngwo Ako advertisement and informative programme contributed to the impact of the?
2. Have the Radio Nigeria progarmme helped in wiping out illiteracy through their educational progarmme?
3. Do Ngwo people rely on radio programme for information as well as entertainment

 

1.7 RESEA RCH   HYPOTHESIS

Radio Nigeria programme through their advertisement and informative progamme have contributed to the development of Ngwo people .

Ho:    Radio progamme despite their advertisement and informative

programme have not contributed to the development of Ngwo people .

H2:    Radio media through their dance research activity have challenged the

print media of the traditional of media .

Ho:    Radio programme despite their andante research have challenged the

media of traditional whole of media

H3:    Radio media helped to wife out dietary through their education

programme

Ho:    Radio media helped not to wipe out illiteracy despite their education progamme .

H4 :   Ngwo audience rely an radio Nigeria progamme for information as well

as entertainment

 

Ho:    Ngwo audience does not rely on radio Nigeria programme for

information as well as entertainment

 

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

In other to make adequate charity of purposes and presentation such words used will be defined in this section accordance with the usage that is operationally

1. Impact :The powerful effect or advantage this programme on the people of Ngwo .
2.   Radio :The activity of broad casting

(a)     progarmme for people to listen to

(b) The process of sending and receiving massage through the air asing

electronic magnetic wares .

3. Nigeria :these means a Nation
4. programme :some thing that people watch on television or listen to on the radio e.g. Ngwo Nwa Ako progarmme .
5. People :means ,women and children
6. Ngwo Nwa Ako :means son and daughters of Ngwo

7. Ngwo Nwa Ako :means the father of all Ngwo people .

Udi :A Town

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MASS COMMUNICATION AS A CATALYST TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT

(A CASE STUDY OF ORUMBA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE)

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUNDOF THE STUDY

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• THE OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OR DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• SIGNIFICATION OF THE STUDY

 

CHAPTER  TWO

• REVIEW OF LITERTURE

SUMMARY OF RELATED REVIEWEN  LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLGY

3.1     RESEARCH DESIGN

• AREA OF STUDY
• POPULATION  OF THE STUDY
• SAMPLE AND SAMPLE PROCEDURE
• INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
• VALIDATION OF THE RESEACH INSTRUMENT
• RELIABILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
• METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTRUMENT
• METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• DATA PRESENTATION AND RESULTS SUMMARY OF RESULT/ FINDINGS

CHAPTER FIVE

• DISCUSSION IMPLICATIONS RECOMMDATIONS

5.1     DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

• CONCLUSION
• IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESULT
• RECOMMENDATIONS
• SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
• LIMTATION OF THE STUDY.

REFERENCE

APPENDIX

 

LIST OF TABLES

• Response to change of attitude of the people towards rural development by mass communication message
• Response to whether mass media contribute immensely in disseminating information for development project
• Response on the impact created by mass communication
• Response on the  group that feel the  impact of mass  communication message

 

ADSTRACT

In this study titled mass communication as a catalyst to rural development the effort is geared towards examining the effect of mass communication on rural dwellers.

This  study was motioned by the felt  needs and  find out the extern the media messages affect the lives of the rural dwellers in the content of development.

The study further looked at the relationship between variables such as educational level marital status occupational distribution media selection age and sex difference among the people of Orumba  south local government Area of Anambra state.

The survey method of social science research as employed in this study.  Both the questionnaire  and oral interview were wed for data collection.  A total of 150 respondents were randomly  sampled.

The research made  use of table for graphical illustration and easy comparison of facts and figures.  Apart from  it general knowledge value in the are of development   this study will be of great help to Nigeria development planners as its findings  enable them know hoe to effecting use the  reasons  at them disposal to justify  development  in rural communication.

The findings suggested their people are not affected     by mass media message due to poverty and illiteracy. They also showed that the mass media are not alive to their responsibility  in rural development. In essence there is gross imbalance in information follow from urban to rural centers.

In the light of these finding conclusion were drawn and recommendation appropriately  made.

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

It  is known that rural communities in Nigeria have always been the began hope through  out the history of this country and that they have always stained the urban communities through the   provision  of raw- material for industrialization.  In spite of this the contribution of the rural communities  have not received the adequate attention they deserve

Through government are doing everything with their power to see that situation as reserved they should realize that they have not been should realize that   they have not been making effective use of mass communication to foster community/ rural development with the proper use of the communication media in  shaping and channeling the minds of  the rural communities in the issues that  affect them it will go a long way in bettering their condition

Emmy at all (1975) said that communication is “to bring development into focm” while Godwin Igbinebor is  of the opinion that innovation is a function of change in behavior    only comes through new ideas and vigils  it is the role of the mass media to convey new idees   and vigils “

This means that people conceded with the development of rural communities should realize the value of communication media and employ  them in all the facets of their pregrames

Before now much attention had been paid to the urban communities.  It was only ding the president Ibrahim Babangida’s regime that the directorate for food roads and rural infrastructure (DFFRI)  was established which laid emphasis on the rural communities .

As the Ex-presidents (Babangida) daimed  I will be the cardinal element of the role  of the directorate not only to effectively promote frame work of grassroots social mobilization  but also   much a virile  pregramme of development  monitoring  and performance evaluation”

With this presidential speech much emphasis had now been shifted to the rural  communities. This is why Emma Ikwueze of the daily star said” this is how a development  nation eught to be that is having both urban  and rural communities developed”

1.2     STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

in this information age when comminutes has been regarded  as a veritable tool for rural economic social and political development the role which the media have been playing has not been all that encouraging in  the content of development in Nigeria. Even  in most rural communities where  modern   media are completely unavailable information is should among the people who can either read, mite nor hav3 exposure  to modern  mass media, they maintain in stable system of living.

It is not an over-statement to say that government plans and strategies for the development f the rural communities had consistently failed.  This is became they have fueled     to employ the mass media in the course   of  the  development pregrammes though the floating of many community newspaper magazines radio and television stations have helped  in  some ways but to what extent then have gone in improving the lot of our rural communities   in the content  of development is shifting to areas some section of the mass media have not yet released the need for this shift.  It is a glaring fact new that  government can not do everything for her citizens more especially the rural people. So it in imperative  now for the communication media to be  used as the authentic information channel to nurture this  new direction.

Therefore for this research the problem under invitation is to find  out  to what extent modern media have  helped the rural communities in the  contact of development to what degree is the attitude and behavioral change (s) of rural dwellers when exposed to the mass media.  This project will also look at the extent variable such as educational qualification occupation and income difference among the people of orumba south  local government of Anambra state.

1.3     THE OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF  THE STUDY

it is acknowledged more than ever that  adequate information  dissemination is the basis of an informed and rational citizen.

The objective or purpose of  this study includes

(i)      To find out how mass media communication could help in improving the lines of the rural dwellers in the   context of development influencing and changing their lives attitudes and condition.

• this research will also study how the rural dwellers to receive and utilize the information available to them.
• Finally this project is aimed at finding solutions and recommending same so that it will help to impact of mass communication in the context of rural development especially the orumba south local government area

1.4     SCOPE OR DELITATION OF THE STUDY

A list of towns that make up the orumba  south local government  area was collected from the local government headquarters. Six towns were selection  namely.

(1)     Umunze (headquarter)

• Nawfija
• Isulo
• Enugu –umulonyia
• Ihete
• Onneh

The study was limited due to financial and time constrains . also and dissemination of statistical data made it impossible for the research to so beyond this level.

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS.

As it has been pointed out  some where in this text questions of  development usually  involve issues policies activities and budget that can only  be  acceptable or successful through  effective government programmes and effective use of mass media as fourth estate of the realm. Unfortunately these forgeries are done in a dricriminathing manner by our government by concentrating development in the urban centers while neglecting  the rural centers  consequently  this led to unnecessary frictions between the government and mass media  and their rural frikes   which could not  have arisen if the people were properly informed and  persuaded through  effective organized and sustained government progarmmes reasons this study shall specifically address the following questions.

• Do the people of orumba south have positive or negative attitude towards mass media of communication?
• What channel selection to the people  chose  for effective communication?  “Rural responsibility theory” is my personal suggestion.
• Do they are their local innguage predominately or otherwise
• Does mass communication have any influence on rural development?
  • significance of the study

The progress and strength of any country depends first   and  foremost on the progress of its people.  To some degree it also  depends on its communication capability and the use of mass media to bring about the desire development in the rural communities. It is disable therefore that  Nigeria government should shift development   to rural communities in the light of the present political social  and economic spheres of our country. The difference    between rural and urban centers have increasingly widened;  government has been facing an enormous  task in getting the rural communities developed the mass media is now taking up a new challenge to see to the needs and aspirations f the rural dwellers in the  context of development

In thin regards there is the need to re- appraise the role of the mass media or regards rural development there is also the need to suggests ways of   using the media more effectively instead of concentrating on the topics that will not interest the rural people.

The lack of relevant strategies and logistic policies to bring about the distend development in our communities particularly warrant for the study.  Furthermore this research may help media instructors and practitioners warrant for the  study. Furthermore  this research man help media instructors and practitioners through respondents response to the questionnaire items on new mass media can effectively be used to bring  about development in the rural communities

This research  will also  help to point our the fact that communication should be participatory  change agents in both horizontal and vertical manners.

This thesis will equally be of great  value to Nigeria development planners    us it finding would enable them know how to effectively use the resource at their disposal to justify development in the rural communities.   Finally just as me have social responsibility and development journalism theirs of mass communication which are largely restricted  to the urban centers this research will postulate that “Rural I  responsibility theory “ should also be included in the theirs of mass communication at least to bring about development in the remote parts of the third world countries.

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THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION FOR EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE.

(A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY LTD)

ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is “the impact of management communication for effective organizational performance” with particular reference to ANAMMCO, Enugu.

The core concern of the study was to find out the communication techniques  and system that will help in determining the effectiveness of  such techniques and system for effective organizational performance.

To achieve this aims, the researcher used questionnaires method to obtained data from all the six (6) department of the company.

The study reveals that ANAMMCO is a company that gives enough attention to communication because they believe that communication helps for effective organizational performance and this enables the company achieve it’s aims and objectives.

Finally, it is hoped that the work will provide an adequate guide to readers and users either to agree or disagree with the writer.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• PURPOSE OF STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• DEFINITION OF TERMS

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     MEANING OF COMMUNICATION

• FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION
• PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
• THE COMMMUNICATION PROCESS
• TYPES/METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
• COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
• PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE/GOOD COMMUNICATION
• IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOOGY

3.1     RESEARCH DESIGN

• AREA COVERED BY STUDY
• POPULATION OF THE STUDY
• SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE
• INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
• INSTRUMENT ADMINISTRATION
• METHOD OF DATA ANALYIS

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1     DATA ANALYSIS

• DISCUSSION

 

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION

• DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
• RECOMMENDATION
• CONCLUSION
• LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Communication is the act of transferring information from one person to another, creature and point to point.  It could also be means of transmitting and conveying of ideas, attitudes, views and opinions from person to person, generation to generation, communication to a very large audience and vice versa.

Social organization cannot survive without communication.  You can imagine what the situation will be like if you gather people together and cannot communicate to them, the situation will be quite uncontrollable.  Irrespective of how poor or rich and organization is there exist some spectrum of communication in all without it, no organization. It is so vital that without it, no organization can succeed.  Infact, communication is indispensable to human existence because one must need to communicate with people around him, to share ideas, experience and feelings.

An organization without channels of communication or where it is not working well, should need it or have the already existing ones re-in-forced.  The employers would like the feelings of the employees, customers, and the general public communication to help streamline action and activities in the organization.

The employees, more especially would like to know the objective of the organization in which they are working for. They will like to know when changes mainly those that  will affect them are about to be effected. They will also like to know what is expected of tem in the organization, to abide by the rules and regulations and to make known to the organization their feeling, decisive aspiration and efforts.  They will also like to be recogn by other members of the organization especially management. An organization is deemed a good one when it’s objectives are derived from those of  it’s member and this can only be achieve by establishing an effective downward, upward and lateral communication system.  Hence he is well informed of the organizational plans and given at same time the chance to make his own contributions to the advantage of the management and its entirely.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Every organization has a definite objective which it strives to achieve and live up to. For instance, legal institutions at their various   levels aims at turning out good, disciplined and well behaved citizens for the country social, economic and political development. Police and other law enforcement agencies have the objective of curbing and suspension of deviant behaviours and to bring public order to sanity in the society.  Business organization are set up for the provision of goods and services to the people at minimum cost and maximum profit.  Education institutions at their various levels aims at turning out literate citizens with light level manpower for the country social, economic and political development.

Voluntary and religions organization like the red-cross, boys-scouts, girls-guides, boys and girls brigades and various churches are set up moral instrument, character molding and offering human: train services to the needy.

According to Ubeku (1983:20) human resources are the most important tools of every organization; since without them, other resources cannot operate.

 

These personnel who are the vehicles through which organizational objectives are attained have to be properly managed for effective performance, management awards  to Aenyer (1970:20) is concerned with the direction and control of an organization. It involves planning and direction of work of others.

These managerial functions cannot be successfully executed in the absent of communication.  It is particularly important in the function of directing and leading.

It is only when people can discus and interact with one another that they can open up and trust each other with a  share of their true selves. Hence, communication is the life wire of the society.

Communication function is the means by which organized activity is unified, social inputs are fed into organization, behaviour is modified, change are effect information is made productive and goals are achieved.  A personnel officer or a superior officer engages in communication with an individual with the purpose of changing his behaviour. He may have disciplinary or corrective objective in counseling situations which has high emotional content. The superior should listen empathically to the employees or subordinates.  Empathy means putting oneself in somebody else shoes or place and emotions.  Empathetic listening is therefore a part of two way communication.  The subordinate must have the opportunity to express himself and it is only when he has made himself known that the superior will know where to assist him.

Communication is essential for both internal and external functioning of enterprises.  Its needs internally includes integrating the managerial function to develop plans for their achievement; to organize human and material resources for maximum productivity and above all to create the conducive atmosphere for effective and efficient organizational performance.

 

External communication is also vital for every organization in other to achieve success. It is through information exchange that managers do know the needs of their numerous customers both, consumers and suppliers, legal and community requirements, conditions in the labour market, new product line expectations, plans and strengthen plans for business trend innovations. No organization, be it military, business religions or even government can succeed without external interaction and influence which is only possible through communication.

Brow (1983:116) stressed that communication is the process of transmitting ideas and thoughts from one person to another for the purpose of creating understanding in the thinking of the person receiving the information.

This emphasis on understanding focuses attention on the importance of communication for effective organizational performance.

Anker (1978:102) stated that information is the manager’s main tool since, he does not “handle” people but, motivate, guide and direct them to perform in conformity with the desired goals. The manager’s only  tool to do this language charts gestures and other movements.

Whatever method that is applied, the important thing is understanding by the receiver for the necessary action.  No matter the managers job, his effectiveness depends on his ability to speak and to write clear enough to get his thinking across to other people as well as understanding what other people are after.

Manager’s should aim at organizing and co-ordinating human and material resources of his organization into an effective and efficient working unit and to achieve this, he must spend a good percentage of his time on communication.  It is only when the human and material elements of an organization are harnessed into a united whole that the organizational objectives can be achieved through effective performance.

Inspite of the importance of communication for effective organizational performance, many business organizations in Nigeria today either attention is given to it. In the offices, most of the files are labeled confidential with the result that those who are supposed to utilize the information for effective performance are denied access to the facts. How can an organization member perform creditably well when he is not informed properly of what he is expected to do? When can an organization member know when he is contravening the rules and regulations if his organization when no-one has cared to make such known to him. How can such an organization expect to succeed or achieve it’s objective of those with whom and through whom it wished to achieved it’s objectives are not aware of “what” and “how” of the objectives.

Some business organizations experience high productivity while indolence and sick reports abound in public offices, strikes and the likes occur more frequently as a result of poor and ineffective communication between the management and members of the organization. None of these in any way aids the organization in it’s effort achieve it’s objectives.  In view of this, the research hopes that this will help to direct the readers minds towards realizing the importance of effective communication in an organization.  It is veracious that  effective communication minimizes mis under standing and increases mutual understanding, trust and selfless services  among organization employees.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.2.1 WORKERS ARE UNDER INFORMED OR NOT IN                                    FORMED BY MANAGEMENT.

As earlier stated in the introduction, most of the conflicts and misunderstandings arises between individuals within an organization and between departments within an organization are as a result of the aftermath of lack of good and effective communication between the members and the management of the organization.  The people are not informed or under informed on most of the plans of the organization especially those that affects them and their work. Many managers are disillusioned because major decisions affecting their departments are taken without their consent. Consequently, most of the policies passed down to them are regarded and treated with little or no  seriousness.  The result of all these is a feeling of discontent among organization members since their feeling and desires are suppressed and the aggrieved workers are bared from gaining access to the right quarters to lodge their complaints.

 

1.2.2 NON-CONSIDERATION OF CUSTOMERS WHEN MAKING POLICIES.

Some organization fall because their products are sold at a high prioce to their customers or that certain qualities desired of the product by the customers are not considered when producing.

Since the feeling of the customers are not put will fall thereby reducing the standard of the organization.

 

1.2.3 NON-MAINTENANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION WITH HOST COMMUNITY:

The community within which the organization is situated may be lacking many things and may be looking forward to it’s fulfillment by the organization so it is important that an organization will maintain an effective communication with it’s host community in other to live up to the expectations of the community. Conclusively, I have to re-affirm that poorance. Therefore, every manager should  do everything humanly possible to maintain good communication in his organization. Infact, communication is fundamental to the existence of every human organization.

 

1.3    PURPOSE OF STUDY

In view of the problems stated the purpose of this study is as follows:

• Finding out the communication techniques used by Anambra motor manufacturing company ltd (ANAMMCO).
• Finding out the system of communication used by the company especially the language methods used.
• Finding out the type of communication within and outside the company.
• Why and how the company communicates.

Based on the researchers findings, necessary suggest and recommendation will offered for general consideration  and implementation where humanly and financially will be possible.

 

 

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The significance of the study are:

• Focusing the attention of managers to the importance of communication for effective performance.
• The role of communication to achieve organizational set objectives.

Many organizations have not absorbed and implemented an effective communication system.  This reflects on the organizational operation result, where strained relationship affects smooth operations.  The researcher therefore, primarily aims at focusing the attention of business managers to the importance of communication for effective organizational performance. The role of communication to achieve the organizations set objectives.

Much emphasis has been laid on the efficiency and effectiveness of management on both public and private organizations to achieve reasonable  economic growth it is said effective management implies effective organizational performance.  This effective management cannot be guaranteed without effective communication. Also, the success of any organization is determined by how efficiently the  ms-men, money, material and machine are been managed.  The finding of the study will  benefit not only the selected organization but also, other organizations for effective performance,  fellow students will also find the study useful both in their academic work and their future careers as business managers.

 

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What is the sex of the workers in ANAMMCO
2. What id the age of the workers in ANAMMCO
3. How many years have the workers served ANAMMCO
4. Have the workers worked else where before joining ANAMMCO
5. What are the qualifications (Education) of ANAMMCO workers
6. How effective is communication system in ANAMMVO
7. How are workers oriented in the company
8. Does ANAMMCO have written procedure on communication.
9. How is communication handled in the company?
10. How high does the company rate communication
11. What methods are used to transmit information in ANAMMCO?
12. Which method is the most effective?
13. How do workers value the importance of communication for effective communication?
14. What is the general attitude to work of ANAMMCO workers like?
15. Does communication system has anything to do with workers attitude to work?
16. Is there delegation of authority in ANAMMCO?
17. Do workers know the objectives of the company?

18      What is the main direction of communication in the company?

19      Have the workers any recognized union?

20      How often does management hold meeting with workers

21. Is grapevine a good source of information for management
22. How does workers channel their grievances and suggestions in the company
23. Does workers know what a is involved in their work and what is expected from them?
24. Does the company inform workers in advance about changes that will affect their work and the business of the company?
25. Do workers book appointments before they see their supervisor for any reason?
26. Whenever workers discuss with their superiorly subordinates, does he:
27. Allow enough time for discussion?
28. Understand the feelings, needs and expectations of workers
29. Often get annoyed or disturbed?
30. Often give negative response?
31. Often terminate discussions claiming to be too busy?

(  )     Does the attitude of superiors/subordinates encourage discussion with him freely?

(   )    Are workers willing to hear criticism from their superior/subordinates     freely

 

1.6     DEFINITION OF TERMS

CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. COMMUNICATION: A process, whereby ideas, information, facts, instinct ions, thoughts, opinions etc. are transmitted from one person to another.  It can be verbal, non-verbal or written message, the use of a common system of symbols signs, behaviours etc. for the exchange of information.
2. CONCEPT: Idea, thought, plan, picture in the mind, purpose or opinion.
3. OPERATION: Transmitting, sending out of the message encoded.
4. ENCODED: Selecting the approximate media for easy transmission and understanding such media includes words or phrase, symbols, charts, facial expressions and gestures.
5. ORGANIZATION: A societal or a common purpose example of such includes churches, social clubs, and business organizations.
6. PERFORMANCE: The execution of an action, the fulfillment of a claim, promise etc. The ability to work efficiently performance in this content means the ability of the organization to accomplish it’s primary goals objectives.
7. ORGANICGRAM: The organization structure which is a frame work of the formal relationships that have been established in an organization. It is a diagrammatical representation of the hierarchy of authority and the formal relationships that exist among the members of an organization.
8. AUTHORITY: The right to act and command others towards attainment of organizational goals. In the field of management, some authors define authority as the power to command performance
9. POLICIES: General statements that guide decision making in an organization. They are classified according to managerial levels and effected.
10. EFFICIENCY: the extent to which the result was achieved atteast cost and it is determined by dividing output by input.
11. FEEDBACK: This refers to signals sent from the listener to the  speaker in order to tell the speaker how far he is understand. It is a reaction that assure that communication has taken place.
12. DECODING: This is another important factor in communication and involved translating the message received in ones own thought. Decoding is a clear proof of  understanding a message.
13. MOTIVATION: The driving force that stimulates an individual; to action at is one of the directing functions of personnel management and it’s effectiveness depends on the style of management.

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CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN PROGRAMME IN BROADCASTING

(A CASE STUDY OF ‘CHANNEL O’ PROGRAMME ON ENUGU RESIDENTS)

ABSTRACT

This survey seeks to examine the influx of foreign television channels like ‘Channel O’ on the culture of third world countries like Nigeria. It assumes that foreign programmes in broadcasting have debase the culture of Nigeria.

The researcher uses the survey method with techniques, like questionnaire administration and interviews. In the bid to achieve her aim, the researcher uses Enugu, as her case study and studied the two local government areas that make up Enugu city that is.

This study calls for the re-awakening of broadcast regulatory bodies like the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) censorship board, broadcasting stations, parents among others to their responsibilities to the society.

The recommendation and suggestion at the end of the study will go a long way in correcting this anomaly.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                         1

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2
• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 9
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 10
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY 11
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 11

REFERENCES                                                     13

CHAPTER TWO       

LITERATURE REVIEW                                                  14

2.0    INTRODUCTION                                                 14

2.0.1 THE NIGERIAN BROADCASTING MEDIA                19

2.0.2 THE NIGERIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE                   21

2.1    THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK                                22

2.2    PROGRAMME CONTENT OF NIGERIA

BROADCASTING MEDIA                                       23

2.3    OVER DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN

PROGRAMME AND ITS CONSEQUENCE.                 27

2.4.   ‘CHANNEL O’ PROGRAMMES YOUTH AND MORAL   30

2.5    FOREIGN PROGRAMME AND CULTURAL INFLUENCE       32

2.6    SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW                     34

REFERENCES                                                     36

CHAPTER THREE

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 38
• POPULATION, SAMPLING AND SAMPLING

TECHNIQUE                                                       38

• INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION 39
• VALIDATION FOR THE INSTRUCTION 40
• METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 40
• METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 41

REFERENCES                                                     42

CHAPTER FOUR

INTRODUCTION                                                 43

• PRESENTATION OF DATA 43
• ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 53

REFERENCES                                                     64

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION        65

• SUMMARY 65
• CONCLUSION 67
• RECOMMENDATION 69
• SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES 71

REFERENCES                                                     72

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                   73

APPENDIX                                                         76

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Digital Satellite Television (DSTV) came from satellite communication network called (Pertec) which act as mirror in the transmission process, beaming the service providers signal back to the satellite dish.

DSTV have 32 channel here in Enugu State these include CNN, BBC world, sky news, movie magic, movie magic 2, Mnet, Africa Magic, Discovery channel, MTV, cartoon network etc.

The Electronic media Network limited (M-Net) was founded in 1985 (http://www.mnet.co.2a/emc/) as South African’s first private subscription television service. The first broadcast comprising one, 12 hour channel went out in October 1986. Today mnet boasts an array of general entertainment and rich channels and broadcasts to over 23 million subscribers in 41 countries across Africa (http:/www.mnet.co.2a/emc/) which Nigeria is one.

‘Channel O’ is located at Randbury in South Africa (Channel O@mnet.co.2a).

‘Channel O’ which is m-net 24 hours music lifestyle channel made its debut in Africa on Friday 17^th October 1997 at 6 pm with its first show up close featuring Joe Nina.

‘Channel O’ is committed to bringing its viewers the best they’re ever seen, featuring the best in African music, to smooth jazz, inspirational sounds, hardcore rap, wicked reggae, sweet soul etc.

‘Channel O’ broadcasts news on music star as well as the music industry 24 hours daily.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The over exposure of third countries to foreign programmes has given risen to the following problem:-

1. The problem of cultural content affecting their behavioural life pattern.
2. The problem of programmes which are not in congruence with their culture attracting their attention.
3. Problem of preference of foreign programmes to their own locally produced ones.
4. The problem of acculturisation.

 

• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

One of the most topical issues experienced by third world countries in international communication is the level of influence foreign programmes have on their culture, foreign programmes are programmes broadcast in countries other than where they are produced. These programmes comes in form of news, documentary, drama, music and others.

In 1992, the Nigerian Broadcasting commission under the Federal Military Government promulgated decree No. 38 which has the following cultural objectives.

1. Seek, identify, preserve and promote Nigeria’s diverse culters.
2. Select critically, the positive aspects of foreign cultures for the purpose of enriching the Nigerian culture.
3. Develop and promote the application of indigenous aesthetic values.
4. Promote the development of a high level of intellectual and artistic creativity and
5. Foster generally acceptable moral, ennobling and spiritual values.

Recently, the Nigerian Broadcasting sector has become a dumping ground for foreign programmes. As Nwuneli 1986 notes.

“Some if not most of our popular radio stations today broadcast western type music for 15 out of their 18. hour day broadcast schedule. The remaining three hours are devoted to news. Nigerian to news, Nigerian and African type music. It is just as if Nigeria and Africa as a whole has nothing to offer in the way of music entertainment.

As a result of this intrusion of foreign programmes into the Nigerian Broadcasting stations, these cultural objectives are not met or accomplished, since no society can successfully diffuse all or most of its cultural patterns without some degree of domination. This is because these programmes are alien, designed and created according to the psychographics and demographics of audience in the countries where they are produced.

In view of this, citizen in the third world countries imitate these western values regardless of their cultural implications. Thus in Nigeria’s higher institution today, especially those in Enugu, it seems difficult to differentiate men from women. This is because of their mode of dressing, men are seen with plaited hair, earning and other feminine. Fashion modes which are abnormal in the African society. Recently, this anomaly has been attributed to the exposure of Nigerian citizens to foreign music channels such as ‘Channel O’.

Cultural influence of foreign programmes in broadcasting seeks to look at this anomaly among others and prefer possible solution to them.

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research projects is relevant particularly when viewed against the backdrop of cultural implication of over assimilation of foreign programme through broadcasting.

The study calls for a re-awakening of our regulatory bodies such as the National Broadcasting commission (NBC) to re-asses and control the content of broadcast programmes on channels received by cable television firm in the country.

It will help broadcast stations perform the watch dog (surveillance) function of the mass media. Thus, it will accentuate the need for them to select and disseminate information that is in congruence with Nigeria culture.

It calls for the re-awakening and relevance of our local programmes in broadcasting.

Finally, it will go a long way to remind citizens of the third world like Nigeria especially Enugu the rich cultural heritage of their country.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This project makes concrete effort to proffer solutions to the following questions:-

1. What is the level at which viewers watch ‘Channel O’ daily, weekly or monthly?
2. What programmes or events appeal to users of ‘Channel O’?
3. Do the population under study prefer ‘Channel O’ programmes to their own locally produced ones?
4. Has exposure to ‘Channel O’ programmes any harmful effect on Nigerian culture?

 

• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypotheses:-

Ha₁   Viewers prefer ‘Channel O’ programmes to locally produced ones like AIT, MBI etc.

Ho₁   Viewers do not prefer ‘Channel O’ programmes to locally produced ones like AIT.

Ha₂   ‘Channel O’ programmes have harmful effect on Nigerian culture.

Ho₂   ‘Channel O’ programmes do not have harmful effect on Nigerian culture.

Ha₃   Viewers like to imitate the things done on ‘Channel O’.

Ho₃   Viewers do not like to imitate the things done on ‘Channel O’.

Ha₄   People like watching Gospel music on ‘Channel O’.

H0₄   People do not like watching Gospel music on ‘Channel O’.

Ha₆   People spend time/hours watching ‘Channel O’.

Ho₆   People do not spend time/hours watching ‘Channel O’.

 

• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

CULTURE:          This is the way of life of a particular people.

CULTURAL:        Adjective of culture.

CULTURAL INFLUENCE: This is the ability one culture has to affect or influence the way of life another people or culture other than their own.

THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES: It refers to the developing or undeveloped countries of the world. They are also called the South.

FOREIGN PROGRAMMES: These are programmes broadcast in countries other than where they are produced.

BROADCASTING:- In this context, it refers to the medium through which messages are sent out through the electromagnetic wave. These medium includes Radio and Television.

‘Channel O’:       This is one of Mnet numerous channels. It broadcasts music videos and news on musicians 24 hours daily.

 

• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is

1. To examine cultural content of these programmes and highlight how it affects Nigeria.
2. To find out the types and qualities of programmes that attract cultural attention.
3. To find out the extent of damage done on Nigerian culture.

Finally, the study attempts to offer suggestions and proper programmes that will bring about the upliftment of the country’s rich cultural values.

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study looks at the cultural influence of foreign programmes on third world countries. However, for convenience sake and some obvious difficulties, Enugu is used as a case study within a third world country, Nigeria.

The study is limited to the role of a single media (‘Channel O’, an all music station).

This research is also limited in a way that the researcher is able to reach a greater population within an area in Enugu which may be very significant in the realization of the objective of this study. In view of the above.

 

• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

It is an undisputable fact that every research work is faced with limitation and this work is not left out.

The researcher was faced with the following limitations.

1. TIME- This is a major constraint to the research, in that the research has to contend with the academic work in school and an indept research on this work and this was very redious.
2. FINANCE – The money allocated for the work was not enough to produce all the materials required for this study. This also limited the researchers sample size.
3. ILLITERACY – The inability of respondents to understand the terms involved in the research work hindered the appreciation of the value of research findings by most people.

REFERENCES

Federal Military Govt. (1992). Establishment of National Broadcasting Commission Decree 38, Federal Government.

Internet, http:/www.,mnet.co.2a/emc/emc-channel).asp. htte://www.,mnet.co.2a/emc/channel O@mnet.co.29.

Okunna, Amafile and Okenwa (1993): Theory and Practice of Mass Communication, Enugu. Abic Publishers. Pp 25, 28-32.

Onuora E. Nuwneli (1985):   Mass Communication in Nigeria; A Book of Reading, Enugu. Fourth Dimension Publishers. P. 144.

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