THE ROLE OF THE PRESS IN A DEMOCRACY (THE PRESS IN PERSPECTIVE)

ABSTRACT

The study deals with the analysis of the   role of the Nigerian press in the democratic struggle in Nigeria. The research method used was the survey method, with the questionnaires and interview as the  method for data collection. The study kicks off from the definition of democracy as the government of the people by the  people and for the people, including brief definition of some features of democracy like popular sovereignty, popular consultation and periodical elections. Using constentical questionnaires given to eight  (80) respondents, the study analyzer the  press and its revolution and power a growth and development of the Nigerian press in democracy. Respondents are polled in four categories: Lectures layers politicians and general citizens . Analyses of their  responses show that the press is essential for provide my owners for the participation of all members of the society in decision making. As a recommendation the press is urged to put up expensive and effective machinery to cover the nation as a whole and not just the cities and their aliclist inhabitants the  press was also admonished to work towards national cohesion and to d  this it should consciously purse the goal of getting Nigerian to think and reason as Nigerian rather than alongside the dividends of ethnicity the findings  are

1. That the Nigeria press has so for performed its role of adducting and people on the need to make wise choice from competing alternatives during elections.
2. That the role of the press in promoting and entrenching sustainable and  effective democracy is      very essential.
3. That the Nigerian press has fearlessly and responsibly performed its roles of not only informing people to make wise choices, but also safeguarding.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION                                                                      1

Statement of problem                                                               7

Rationale and Purpose of the study                                        9

Significance of the study                                                          11

Research Questions                                                                 12

Research Hypothesis                                                               13

Definitions of terms                                                                   14

Limitation of the study                                                               15

 

CHAPTER TWO:

LITERATURE REVIEW                                                            16

Press its Revolution and power growth and

development of Nigeria press Expected Roes of press in Democracy Philosophies or Typologies concept of freedom of press in democracy                                                                      31

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHOD                             37

Sampling Procedure                                                                38

Data Collection Instrument                                                       39

Data collection method                                                             40

Data Analysis                                                                            40

CHAPTER FOUR:

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING                                           42

CHAPTER FIVE:

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Findings                                                                                     53

Suggestion

Recommendation and                                                              54

Bibliography                                                                               57

Questionnaire                                                                            60

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE 1 :   The respondents view of the press roles in Nigeria democracy .

TABLE 11 : Respondents rating of the press roles in Nigeria democracy so far.

TABLE 111:          The respondents” view of the major roles o the press in Nigerian Democracy

TABLE 1V: .   How far has the press performed it roles.

TABLE   V:  respondents view on whether Nigerian press is free to  perform its roles.

TABLE V1:  The threat to press freedom in Nigeria.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACGROUND OF THE STUDY

Democracy in its simplest definition means government of the people, of the people and for the people. It its often referred to as government of popular participation, even though sound schools of thought will argue  that democracy in the contemporary society cannot accommodate every member of a society, what can be possible is representative participation.

However, in its original form  and as practiced in ancient Greek city stated and approximated of New England town meetings and swiss contions, Democracy simply means full participation of all citizens in the daily routine of administration of community affairs. Literally however, democracy means government  of the people, by the  people and for the people. This is derivative from two Greek word that make up the  word “Democracy” which literally means people to be ruled.

Yet. Some western political theorists for example, kotler how holds the view that democracy is only a system of government that guarantees direct maximum popular control over the decision.

From the foregoing, it is clear that democracy as the ancient Greek developed it entails  the participation of every member of a society.  Meanwhile, the participation will be difficult to obtain or guarantee in modern societies or state, in its purest form. What could be obtained is therefore representation.  To this  and Robert Dahl and others, believe that is safe only in the hands of popularly elected elite whose powers are limited and who can be removed while in the officer by the people whenever their wishes are not being not. Thus, the focus of the thesis is on effective popular control over  the elected representative of the people as opposed to direct participation, which is in modern control, neither desirable nor attainable. Invariably, what we call democracy today is representative government. If means that the citizens should choose those they feel could represent their interest and government on their behalf according to the principles of majority rule. In other words, the philosophical basis of representative government is the idea of popular sovereignty.

Essentially whatever may be the difference is important to note that ideal democracy, guarantees the government that will be in the interest of the people. The government that will be responsive to popular wishes and guarantee that every citizen must have some share in the decision –making process either by way of directs participation, by way of electing the decision makes and popular control.

Indeed, democracy must hold certain common promises that makes it 50 attractive to all who profess or aspire to practices it. In its quality, shunning all forms of class differences. In its  economic sense, it attempts to level inequalities in wealth. And in total and political sense, it aims basically at securing the consent of the governed, protecting his human personality and achieving the well.

If it is agreed that these are the goals of democracy, to how than can a governmental system achieve the goal ? Or if any goal system claim to level itself as democratic, what features do are look for a system. Perhaps, an answer to these questions would help in quintessence of democracy.

 

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF DEMOCARCY

POPUAR SOVEREIGNITY: For a democratic system of government, it is necessary that sovereign power resides in the  people. If the ultimate command of fill and exclusive legal power, command of fully and exclusive legal power, what we have is autocracy or dictatorship and if it is on the hands of a few people , we have oligarchy, aristocracy and not democracy.

EQUAL OPPORTNITY FOR ALL: This implies that the equal access of all members of the society to the political decision making process must be guarantee. It also requires economic independence and job security. More importantly, it means one man, each vote weighted equally with another. Every individual must not only have the right to vote but also the right to be voted for in any election.

 

AVAILABILITY OF CHOICE BETWEEN ALTERNATIVE

          In democratic setting it is compulsory opportunity to choose from competing alternative, political to complement the peoples right to political equation, genie alternative policy programmes must be presented to the people at elections to enable them make real choices. This is than achieved by organizing the political elite into factions or parties with different political prgrammes.

 

REGULAR PERIODICAL ELECTIONS: This has dual advantages of providing an orderly changes of government and of providing a channel for the  expression of the citizens wishes at regular intervals. The people can therefore be fee to make a reasonably choice out of competing alternative political ideals and leaders.           

 

POPULAR CONSULTATION: Popular consultation is also a way of sounding the wishes as regards to what policies they want to adopt. After identifying the wishes, the ruling elite must ensure that the wishes are translated into public policies decisions is the satisfaction of the people. The kind of two way communication envisaged have requires a public that is reasonably in formed on civil matter and adequate and open channel of communication, an intelligent and independent press,  and freedom of association and discussion,

It is under this situation that the citizens can contribute to the decision making process, through public opinioned in speech or writing in associations, group or public meetings praise or blame the government and criticize policies with suggestion for other lines of action without hindrance.

 

WELL INFORMED ELECTORATE: Although the previous discussed features has identified the essence of communication in democracy it is still necessary to isolate it as an important different characteristics of democracy. Essentially, the idea of democracy thrives better where the voters are literate and  well informed this view is not heold so as  to equate democracy people with educated people. This is more practicable in the modern societies where every issue is given wide publicity on radio, Tv and the press.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It is now clear that democracy is a philosophy that is based on the a aforementioned principles and features. It has the capability to ensure popular participation, freedom of political action and to draw upon the talents of the greatest number of members of a polity for the promotion and satisfaction of common interests. Basically, inclusion in power means collusion in its benefit.

However, the principles and the benefits of democracy cannot be attained and have not being attained any where in the world without the power and roles of the press. In other worlds, the role of the press in democracy cannot be overemphasized. It is observable that are interviewer with communication. Any attempt to promote democracy must start with the  education of the people, so that they can appreciate the choices be fore then and acquire the  ability and character to be have rationally and participate actively in the process of governance. Without education, people cannot understand the essence of democracy and general issue of public interest and in such a situation, it would be presumptions to  expect the people to exercise independent judgement or tolerate others point of view and political choice or decision. This is where the press comes into democracy and that is why democracy cannot be separated from the press.

Democracy involves a responsibly  a responsibly understanding of rights and obligations by the people, in every situation and also involves the  appreciation of the nature and dimensions of issues to be decided. The understanding and appreciation process are done by the press in any democratic setting. But the ability of the press to functions in broadcasting the base of information showing and in democratizing public established particularly in Nigeria.

In other needs, it is already established that, the press has a profound effect on the thinking of the people, of least. Barnard. Cohen has said that the press may not be  successful much of time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its reads what to think about” but the question of how the Nigeria, press have been able to show the civil society the light to follow towards a proper functioning democracy still remains unanswered empirically.

Therefore, this study is  set out to find out what  really the roles the Nigerian press in particular has performed in entrenching and sustaining democracy in Nigeria. The study shall this endeaour to find out how much effort has been made by the Nigerian press to strengthen the resoling of those forces and institutions that are designed or oriented towards the sustenance of democracy.

 

• RATIONALE AND PURPOSE FOR THE STUDY

The Nigerian press has  been criticized for subverting the course of democracy rather than furthering it. Take for example accusation against certain section of the press often referred to as Lagos / Badin axis as promoting sectioned interest rather than n than national. Nigerian Tribunal which is owned by chief Obafemi Awolowo clan has been variously accrued of contributing to the fall of the second republic as its consist. Tent criticism of Alhaji Shehu shagari government led to military intervention of December 31, 1973.

Equally, the role of the Nigerian press under the military, especially after month of the annulment the June 12, 1993 presidential election has come under criticism by those in government. Although the press was in the vanguard of agitation for democratic rules, many continued to accuse the press as playing a sub-versive role in the country.

The purpose of the study is therefore to find out the contributions of the press, particularly the Nigeria press in the development, entrenchment and sustenance of democracy. What are the roles of the press in democracy in generad and how has the Nigerian press fore in performing the roles are the major knowledge the study  intends to find out.

In finding out all these, these study shall also analyze the legal and other constraint on the expected roles of Nigerian press in democracy struggle.

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study shall be of immense benefit to the society as a whole. It will be beneficial particularly to the Nigerian furnish, by affording the knowledge of how they have fared since independence on the enthronement and sustenance of democracy in Nigeria. The study shall let then know the true position in the democracy struggle in Nigeria and shall let then know how well or otherwise they  have performed their expected roles in the democracy struggle. The study hall open up to the journalism the constant hazards and obstacle that have impended or hinder the performance of their roles in enthronement of democracy in Nigeria and shall give break light on how to remove the constraints.

Another major benefactor and its officials. It would also afford these group of people the knowledge of how they have helped or hindered the  press in performing its expected roles in democratic struggle. There by, the study shall be a source of aspiration for change in their attitude towards press and their roles in a democratic dispensation.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In order to achieve that purpose of study, the following questions shall be answered by the study.

1. What are the roles of the press on democracy.
2. How has the Nigeria press few in the performance of its expected roles democratic struggle.
3. Has the Nigerian press monitored the events nation wide and beyond, to reflect sufficient concern for democratic processes and values in their assignment ?
4. Are Nigerian press socially responsible or not in their attempt to enthrone and sustain democracy in Nigeria ?
5. Has Nigerian press performed well in informing the Nigerian populace and providing useful fore for discussion and debate on all aspects of national and human existence ?
6. What are the constants of the Nigeria press in performing its roles for democratic enthronement ?

 

• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H 1 – The role of the press in any democracy is very essential.

H0 – The role of the press in any democracy is not very  essential.

H2 – The Nigeria press has not performed effective and positive roles in Nigerian democracy.

H0 – The Nigerian press has not performed effective and positive roles in Nigeria democracy.

H3 – The Nigerian press has fore most in  the roles of informing and educating people in order to make a wise choice in election.

H0 – The Nigerian press has not fore most in the roles of informing and educating people in order to make a wise choice in election.

H4 –Nigeria press is completely free to perform its roles.

H0 – Nigerian press is not completely free to perform its roles.

 

• DEFINITION OF TERMS DEMOCRACY

CONCEPTUAL – Democracy has to do with a country with government which encourages and shows rights of citizenship such as freedom of speech, religion, opinion and association, the assertion of the rule of law majority  rule, accompanied by respect for the rights of minorities.

OPERTIONAL :-  Democracy is the type of government, which ensure popular participation, freedom of political action and draw upon talents of the   greatest number of members of a polity for the promotion and satisfaction of common interests particularly in Nigerian polity.

PRESS

CONCEPTUAL  – Press refers to pointed periodicals the

newspaper generally and journalist.

OPERATIONAL – Press how reefers to the different mass

Media including mass, media practitioners

In Nigeria whose job is dissemination of

Information and educating the people on the

Need for democracy and its values among the

people.

 

• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study is  hinted by time and financial constraint couple with the ethnic rivaling and religious wars in the country.

However, a more comprehensive study will involve large sampled size can be embark upon to expand the frontier of knowledge.

Download our android mobile app for more materials

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

THE USE OF INTERNET AS A COMMUNICATION TOOL IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING.

( A SURVEY OF THE OPINION OF SELECTED COMPUTER –LITERATES IN ENUGU METROPOLIS)

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Statement of problem

1.3     Objective of the study

1.4     Research question

1.5     Hypotheses

1.6     Delimitation of the study

1.7     The significances of the study

1.9     Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   The design of the study

3.2    Area of study

3.3   The population of the study

3.4   The population of study

3.5    Instrument of data collection

3.6   Validation of instrument

3.7    Method of data collection

3.8    Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA  PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

 

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSION AND CONCLUSION OF RESULT

• Discussion of findings
• Conclusion of the study
• Recommendation
• Implication of the findings
• Suggestion for further studies
• Limitation of the study

References

Appendices

                                                   

LIST OF TABLE

 

Table 1:      opinion on weather Internet promotes international marketing.

Table 2:      preference of either traditional or Internet marketing methods.

Table 3:      opinion on whether Internet quickens international marketing communication

Table 4:      respondent opinion on whether internet is used by Nigeria international markets.

Table 5:      opinion on whether Nigeria is highly connected to internet.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The use of Internet as a communication tool in international marketing; a case study of computer literates in Enugu metropolis x-rayed the way internet is used as a viable tool in international marketing especial by Nigeria international marketers.

The following findings were made in the course of the study.

Nigeria accepted that Internet promote international marketing

Nigeria prefers Internet marketing to traditional marketing strategies. Nigeria believes that Internet quickens international marketing, that Nigeria international marketing or marketers make use of Internet services and unfortunately, Nigeria is not yet highly connected to Internet.

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

The Internet is a network of computer that communicates using a common language. It was designed to enable computer system of different manufactures at different location any where in the word to be linked to it so as to share or exchange data and information.

Internet began in 1960 through an experiment by the united state of American department of defense to help scientists and researchers from widely dispersed areas, work together by sharing scarce and expensive computer and their files.

Internet, the new information super highly way, circles the globe, welding ideas, people and culture into a massive village. Internet marketing is gradually replacing traditional marketing approaches such as phone, fax, mail, and face-to-face meetings. Forester research has it fact termed” the Internet as the fourth marketing channel” internet offer a unique opportunity for companies in developing countries to break the barrier into rich markets of the united state, Europe and Asia.

A recent survey of 12 Zimbabwean companies with home page in the internet found that over 40 percent had generated new business as a direct result. Internet marketing concentrate on providing valuable information and services as part of effort to sell product and services. By creating an information services, business men can very successfully market product and services. It also offer potential client the opportunity to interact with your information, to ask question, to leaves message and even to order product directly.

The interest provides environment efficient interactive communication with large groups of potential customers.  The use of world wide web allows the user to view advertising read technical literatures and other products. The internet provide a capacity only at depth that the print media can duplicate only at a great cost in bulk paper and postage.

The internet prohibits unsolicited advertisements but it does permit information reach value added approaches to marketing.

Although currently most marketing information is text based but the situation  is change rapidly with the use of the new tools.  In the internet you must place your company information on an internet web sever, a  computer that is permanently connected to the internet 24 hours per 7 days a week.

This internet server can be located any where  in the world and any internet user through the world can have full access to it.

Many companies have embraced the use of internet in their marketing or advert sing activities.

Many companies in the united states have already began using their internet sites opt take customers order and handle order tracking and is likely to become one of the fastest growing aspects of  business internet use.

Initially results indicates huge cost savings in the order of 60 to 70 percent over  traditional marketing  such as phone and tax.

In addition to cost savings there is also significant increase in customers services as the interest based approach provides instantaneous response and is available 24 hours per 7  days in a week.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF RESAERCH PROBLEM

The  largest growth area of the internet is the business sector. Business of all type and sizes in advanced counters have found that internet can serve many of their needs including marketing advertising customers and vendor support, exchange of information and joint ventures for resaerch and development.

With the aid of internet companies can also develop product take order receive doctrine publication and document and retrieve data for special  data base.

The technological development cannot be conveniently ascertained hence these problem led to the conducting of the study.

1. Most Nigerian marketers do not believe that internet can be used to promote international marketing.
2. Nigerian marketers practice traditional marketing more than international which is the talk of the day.
3. Nigeria marketers are still ignorant of the fact that internet quickens international marketing
4. The extent Nigeria marketers know that international marketing make use of internet service cannot be ascertained
5. The essence of this research therefore is to examine the nature and extent of the knowledge of the use of internet in international marketing among Nigerian who are in international business and Nig. Level of connection.

 

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY     

Through this study the researcher aimed to assess the knowledge and opinions of selected computer literate Nigerians on the use of internet in international marketing. Specifically the study has the following objectives.

1. To find out the whether Nigerian believe the use of the internet in promoting international marketing.
2. To find out the preference scale of Nigeria on internet marketing and traditional marketing strategies
3. To find out whether Nigerian believe that internet quickens international marketing
4. To know the extent of Nigerians awareness of the fact that international marketing make use of internet services.
5. To know if Nigeria is imply internet connected fining of the study

 

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For the purpose off carrying out this study the following questions were put forward to direct the efforts of the researcher

1. Do Nigerian believe that the interest can be used to promote international marketing?
2. Do Nigerian prefer internet marketing to traditional marketing strategies?
3. Do what extent do Nigerian know that international marketing make use of internet services?
4. Is Nigerian imply internet connected?

 

1.5     RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Ho:     Nigeria do not believe that the internet promote international marketing

Hi:      Nigeria believe that the internet promote international marketing

Ho:     Internet  marketing methods are not preferable to traditional marketing

Strategies

Hi:      Internet  marketing methods a preferable to traditional marketing strategies

Ho:     Internet does not quicken international marketing

Hi:      Internet quicken international marketing

Ho:     Nigerian do not know that international marketing make use of internet service very well

Hi:      Nigerian know that international marketing make use of internet service very well

H₄       Nigerians know that international marketing make  use of  internet services very well

Ho:     Nigeria so not highly internet connected

H₅       Nigeria is highly internet connected

 

• DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

A survey of this nature does not determine the  whole gamut of the effects of use of internet as a communication tools in international marketing.

This resaerch work covered only the computer literates in Enugu metropolis. The researcher restricted the investigation to the estimated number of people that are computer literate in Enugu metropolis information derived from them was used to make a generalization on the use of internet as a communication tools in international marketing.

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Resaerch is usually a reliable step to findning answers to peculiar problems

This resaerch will therefore be of immense help to the government organization and institutions and individual in finding the best way opt encourage  computer literacy and the use of internet in marketing and other sectors of the economy in Nigeria.

It will also serve as an eye opener to anyone who has been using the traditional methods of marketing, which does not yield much but takes a lot of time energy and  other resources.

This research work will satisfy the academic internet of student in the use of internet as a communication tools in international marketing.

It will help to boost the sales purchase of computer systems hence the need cannot be over emphasized.

The work will also be of a great help to other research as the resaerch will add to pool of knowledge existing in the field of study.

The research work will also help anyone that comes across it to understand that the world is a global village as long as computer internet services is concerned hence international marketing is in evitable in any viable society.

 

• DEFINITION OF TERMS

Definition to terms is the explanation of some words that are prone to many interpretation or those that are technically used. Terms are defined in this work in the conceptual and operational forms.

USE:  To serve for a purpose this term also refer to the application of internet services in the computer in international  marketing.

INTERNET:  A network of computers and other telecommunication device looking individuals groups and corporate bodies institutions tog ethers for the purpose of exchange of information across the globe.

It is also the ability of computer to convey information through networking opt different parts   of the world, thereby making the world a global village other and in turn endeaviour to be understood by them.

In this ocntext communication is also used as a dynamic on going transactional process of creating awareness of wining the good will of the target audience towards accepting a given idea product or service.

Tool this means a thing used for working on something. It is also an instrument for international marketing.

INTERNATIONAL: This means between nations or countries it also means a sort of relationship or transaction that exist between or among countries.

MARKETING:   This means buying and selling of idea products (good) and services marketing is also used in this context as management activities responsible of identifying anticipating and satisfying customers need and wants through exchange processes it is also the transactions of business that involves selling and buying of ideas good and services between or among people institutions governments or organizations.

ADVERTISING:       The act of making things known to people by printing notice in newspaper or by other means like radio or television advertising is also a process of increasing the acceptance and  of any good or service placed on the internet by the advertiser or market of customer.

COMPUTER:      An electronic apparatus analyzing or storing data making calculations etc computer is also an electronic channel through which international marketing is carried out by the helps of the internet services there in.

MEDIA:  Channel through which things are passed media also mean the channel through which international or traditional marketing made possible.

LITERATE: Ability to read and write literate is used in this work as the ability to operate a computer system and make use of the internet service via the computer.

GLOBAL:   Global also mean the nearness of every parts of the world to one another by the help of the computer internet service,  it also means the extent of coverage of computer internet services.

Download our android mobile app for more materials

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

CRIMES IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS:

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE GUARDIAN AND DAILY TIMES.

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction and Background 1
• Statement of research problem 5
• Purpose of study 8
• Importance of study 8
• Hypothesis 10
• Scope and limitations 11
• Definition of terms (conceptual definitions – – -) 12
• Definition of terms (Operational definitions — -) 14

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of literature 16
• Summary of literature Review 40

CHAPTER THREE

• Methodology 43
• Population and sample
• Measuring instrument 44
• Definition or description of categories 44

CHAPTER FOUR

• Presentation of Data 49
• Data analysis and interpretation 58
• Discussion 65

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary and conclusion 69
• Bibliography 72

Appendix A                                                                     76

Appendix B                                                                     83

Appendix C                                                                     88

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the study

                 “One promise for the suppression of

criminal activities is to recognize

that lack of awareness and concern

by the public is crimes greatest ally

The efforts of any branch of society

Directed towards controlling criminal

Activities will be largely unsuccessful

Unless the public is made aware of

Criminal methodology and the

Magnitude of crimes. Publicity and

Honest exposure of illegal activities

Is one of the surest ways to dry

Up sources of revenue for an

                 Organization engaged in criminal

Activities”.

The above statement by Denny F. Face and Jimmie C. Styles underscores the need for the Nigerian mass media to intensity efforts in crime reporting.

Crimes, whether against persons, habitations,  property, morality and decency, public peace, against justice and authority or against public safety, are serious offences which are not only punishable by law but can also seriously hinder the development of a society. In this case, crime diverts efforts of the offenders n a negative path towards development.

Crime seems to be accentuated in the society by lack of patience of each new generation to pass through the rigorious and arduous process which their parents have passed to attain greatness. Other sociological and psychological or even hereditary problems often erupt contribute to crime. For instance, a child who is brought up in t he ghetto with not much facilities of learning, or without a good up bringing and who grows up exposed to aggression as a way of life will most likely grow up into an aggressive adult. Because no individuals lives in isolation of his/her environment, a child born in a disorderly society where crime is on the increase will not directed, live to reflect in his/her styles into. The worry is what are the chances of such an individuals brought up in such a condition ever becoming a good citizen.

There are a number of advantages which readers of newspapers and the society at large are bund to enjoy if crimes as they occur in society are adequately reported and given the desired prominence in the pages of newspapers.

Firstly, the citizens are alerted about the mode of operation of the criminals in order to safeguard themselves from the menace of the criminals.

Secondly, the citizen are educated on the techniques of a crimes. This is important because a large number of Nigerians do not know the law, let alone what constitutes a crime. Unfortunately, ignorance of the law is no excuse and the same weight of punishment faces the informed and uninformed citizenry. But in the Nigerian situation crime stories tend not to be given due prominence in the pages of the newspapers. The assumption may be that other classes of stories have edged out such crime stories. There is however, an unexpressed by manifested psychological feelings of Nigerians, towards crimes. The society itself treats criminals with contempt perhaps the preference given to non-crimes stories by the media arises from the thinking of the practitioners to spot-light issues that will generate larger reader interest.

It is quite clear to us that in our society, deviations from agreed social norms and mores are regarded with distain. Even the ex-convicts are not fully rehabilitated and accepted. Even when crimes are reported in Nigerian newspapers emphasis may  or may not be placed on probing the motives of such a crime, stress seems to be attached more to the out come or punishment  that accompanies such crimes.

It is a truism that an intention to commit a crimes to one of the essential ingredients of a crime.

The motives for a crime should be ascertained by reporters in order to provide clues that will help in reforming the criminal. It is import ant also to ally the fear that reporting a crime by our mass media may result in lawless ness and in crease in waves. This study also recognizes that an increase in crime waves may hinder the economic, political and social advancement of the society.

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

A more pertinent question is:

1. Does the coverage of crime by the newspapers guide the possible causes of crimes?
2. How do Nigerian newspapers view crimes?
3. Do they state possible remedies to these crimes?
4. Does the editorial process of editing and rewriting influence or affect the reporting of crime stories?
5. Does the personality of the criminals affect the reporting of crimes.

These and others are the numerous kinds of study, so that a complete answer and resolution of all these questions or factors could lead to a more complete and realistic approach to the presentation and stoppage of crimes.

Some of the causes why crimes are reported the way they are presently or why some crimes stories do not get reported is as follows

1. The Journalist is an individual who has his or her own biases and in the reporting of a crime, he first of all decides if the cirme is newsworthy using his own sense of value judgment and other parameters for judging news value like prominence, proximity, consequence, human interest etc. Even when he decides  that such a story is of significance, he also has to decide from which angle to approach it what issues to include or exclude in the news story.

After having reported the crimes, the story still has to pass through a lot of processes before it gets published. At every stage of the  process, the story has a high probability of either being included or eliminated in the days reports. Even when accepted, it stands the possibility of changing it’s form at any stage of the process through either being edited (inclusion or exclusion of some facts) or through being totally rewritten.

Some of the considerations at this stage could be who were involved in the crime story. We cannot escape from the fact that newspaper publishing is a business which has to survive and certain times when the business interest of the paper is involved,  the story some times does not get reported. Also, when some eminent person alities are involved, the story gets omitted completely, re-adjusted so as not hurt them or the names of the individuals involved are completely omitted. The legal involvement s of the story is also another primary consideration in the way and manner the story is reported. The story may be true in every materials aspect, but either as a result of timidity or fear of litigations, the story may get muddled-up  or not adequately reported.

 

         PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The nonchalant attitude of some media organization in the country to crime reporting is a neglect of the important role which the press is expected to play in the society. The purpose of this study therefore is to determine the degree of importance mass media organization in Nigeria attach to crime reporting.

Another purpose of this study is to highlight the need for proper and frequent reports of criminal events in the country. This is very important as the stud aims to set out good guidelines for crime reporters in the reporting of crime news.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

Conklin (1970-375) stated that:

“fear of crime in a community not only

effects the mental well-being of residents

from the area, but it may also lead to

isolation of strangers and new residents

from those who have lived in the community

for longer periods of time. Feelings of not

being safe in the area may lead to

a deterioration of social solidarity in the

community for residents may stay in door

rather than walking on the streets and

interact with neighbors”

the above statement underscores the importance of the study. There is need for adequate investigation and interpretation of criminal news events as or occur, therefore this study will in addition focus on the necessity of regular reporting of the mode of operations of criminals. We are doing this on the grounds that no good government can told it’s hands or pay up service to the activities of heartless criminals. This is the role which the press  in their social responsibility functions are excepted to play. The inadequacy of such reports and their lack of objectivity in our print a major concern.

Obviously crime news stories most of the time are not given the prominence relative to other news stories carried by Nigerian newspapers. This neglects a lots of advantages to be gained by reporting criminals activities regularly and objectivity. This study will perhaps help to draw attention to this lapse.

HYPOTHESIS

1. Only a relatively small percentage of crime stories appear on the front and back pages of most Nigerians newspapers.
2. Nigerians newspapers tend not to emphasize the probable motives or causes of reported crimes.
3. Newspapers do not devote enough space to public enlightenment of what constitutes a crime.
4. Crimes stories are less likely to form be lead stories in the front or back pages of most newspapers.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions guided this study.

1. What are the effects of reporting crimes in Nigerians newspapers?
2. Does the coverage of crimes by the newspapers guide the possible causes of crimes?
3. Does the editorial process of editing and rewriting influence or affect the reporting of crime stories?
4. How do Nigerians newspapers view crimes?
5. Does the personality of the criminals affect the reporting of crimes?
6. State possible remedies to these crimes?.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

As is usual with a study of this nature, time is always a constraint, in addition to lack of study. These limitations have made this research to be limited to study of two national newspapers among the many newspapers in circulation in the country. This is with the thinking that the findings from this study will give an insight into the coverage of crimes stories by other Nigerians newspapers.

DEFINITION OF TERMS-CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION

Coverage- The Webster Reference dictionary of the English language                    defines coverage as a covering, or provision of something          as a covering, or provision for something by agreement of          contact, what which is so covered. Communication, t he                      send and receiving areas of radio or TV station, the                             number of readers in an area served by a publication, the          writing, publishing or broadcasting of news”.

Crime- “ crime is defined to mean and offence for which there is                   serve punishment by foolish or wrong act, not necessary                     an offence against the laws”.

Newspaper – A medium of communication usually published daily or                              weekly, by which information and current affairs,                                opinions and entertainment features are circulated                              among the people.

Coverage of crime :- May be defined to mean the publication of news                           stories concerning one or more crimes as                                           defined above.

Criminal Acts – Criminals acts will be defined to mean a deliberate                                  intention aimed at committing a crime as defined                                earlier.

Such crime and criminals acts as defined above include:

1. Murder
2. Robbery
3. Fraud
4. Embezzlement
5. Riot
6. Defamation
7. Dry trafficking
8. Arson
9. Burglary
10. Counterfeiting
11. Kidnapping
12. Homicide
13. Manslaughter
14. Conspiracy
15. Food and Drug Acts

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Crime – Excludes all civil offences but will include

All other offences against the state or a

Person no matter it’s classifications

Newspaper: The researchers wish to define newspaper to mean                           “The Guardian” and the Daily times”.

Coverage: The amount, types or nature of stories

Pertaining to crime reported within a

Particular period of time in the news

Paper under study.

THEORITICAL FRAME WORK

• Introduction

1.1        Background of the study

• Statement of the problem
• The purpose of the study
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation
• Research questions
• Definition of terms

Download our android mobile app for more materials

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

THE ROLE OF THE PRESS IN THE POLITICAL POLARIZATION OF THE NIGERIAN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FROM 1999-2006

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to critically examine “the role of the press in the political polarization of Nigeria National development from 1999-2006”.

The method of content analysis was adopted and also, three Nigerian. Daily Newspapers were selected, this include the New Nigerian Newspaper, a federal government owned Newspaper Published in Kaduna state.

The national concord and the champion, each being owned privately by different individuals but published in Lagos.

Three publications were selected per week, Mondays, Wednesday s and Fridays covering April, August and December between 1999 to 2006.

The result were carefully analysed and interpreted. The analysis revealed that the Nigerian press petitioned the much – admired doctrine of fairness and impartially and tends towards business and sycophancy.

At the end, it was recommended that in order to address the polarization of the press owners and operators of mass media, irrespective of their ethnic geographical and political difference must create an avenue where they could out minds with one another so as to eradicate the misconception held against each other.

And that the press and government relationship must improve hence seeing others as partners in progress.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

• Background of the study
• Research problem
• Objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation
• Research questions
• Hypothesis
• Definition of term

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review

2.1 Sources of literature review

2.2 Theoretical frame work

2.3 The concept of mass media

2.4 The role of the mass media

2.5 concept of development

2.6 the press in the colonial era

2.7 the post independence press

2.8 The Nigerian press and political influences during the second republic (1979-1983

2.9 Democratic political consent of Nigerian press 1985-1993

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Research Methodology

3.1 Research design

3.2 Research sample

3.3 Measuring instrument

3.4 Data collection

3.5 Data analysis

3.6 Expected result

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Data Analysis and Interpretation

4.1 Discussion and Interpretation

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion, Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion

5.2 Recommendations

Appendix

References

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria is one of the countries, which is “undergoing transition”. This is because politically they are visibly undergoing rapid development and change which may be positive or negative.

It is true in line with this that since independence Nigeria ha been under transition politically. It has witnessed many tainted  political transition programmers that here continue to hold political  power through  brute force or sheer power on the gun. These include the General of the political transition programme and the likes

However, Nigeria has been described us being in a transitory situation which political culture is characterized by divergent and powerful interest groups with insatiable political and economic demands on the larger political entity.

To this end, the role of press which is being as the fourth estate of the ream cannot be overlooked. This was why Hohenbery (1978) submits that:

When public arust in government declines and deeply affect the faith of millions of people, its principle and practice of the press is the institution that is likely to profit from the resultant disilluddionment.

It is this veritable position of the press that explains the inextricable relationship between the institution (press) and politics.

Consequently, a duty is imposed on the press to ensure that the political objectives of Nigeria as a country is accordance to it motto, that all the function performed in political aggregation, rule making, rule application and rule adjudication are performed through communication.

Upholding the tone importance of communication. The press in a given polity is the life line as communication is the oxygen of all political relationship.

The importance of communication in mass media has been further acknowledged while assessing the significance of the mass media in any political system is that the mass media serves as a moderator of public opinion and watch dog of the people.

The media equally helps to spread ideas, knowledge and vies. Also the press in any country should be responsible in the performance of its function. These include:

1. Servicing the political system information, discussion and debate on public affairs.
2. Enlightening the public so as to make it capable of self government.
3. Servicing the economic system, primarily by bringing together the buyers and sellers of goods and services through the medium of advertising.
4. Safe-guarding the rights of the individuals by serving as watchdog against government.
5. Providing entertainment.
6. Maintaining its own self-sufficiency as to be press from pressure of special interests.

During the Nigerian second republic in 1979-1983, the mass media was extensively used by the government in power, while the private owned Newspaper were all the services of their proprietors who were mostly members of one political party or the other.

1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEMS

The problems now are: That the Nigerian press has been somehow accused by many operating on the principle of the country’s political setting.

The press has not been working effectively towards the unification of the country. The press further compounded the existing dichotomy among the various ethnic groups. Hence, the ethnic entities has always been suspicious of one another, since political tracheotomy is along regional lines.

Therefore the press which ought to unite the people through promotion of cultural values and symbols essential to the society, appeared to be deficient in meeting the people’s expectation.

As a student of Mass Communication, this gave the researcher an impetus to investigate the issue in order to ascertain the role of the press in the political polarization and its effects on National development.

 

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary aim of this project is to examine the role of the press which reflects the political polarization of the Nigerian state.

The study will examine the role of the press between 1979-1983 and 1985-1993.

Also, the consequences of the role of the press in the political shall be examined.

The relevance of this study will be to identify whether the Nigerian press is politically polarized and if yes, ascertain its effects on national development. It shall also identify the role of the press in crises situation and how it has been able to positively or negatively manage the situation.

The study may be useful for media critics and media  evaluators in the country. It may be also useful for student of mass communication.

Furthermore, it may help any interested member in identifying the positive and negative effects of the press in the over all development of the Nigerian state.

1.6 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In this the researcher shall try to proffer answers to the following propositions.

1. Does the Nigerian press operate on political basis.
2. If so, to what extent has this practice been displayed.
3. How has the press affect National Development?

 

1.7 HYPOTHESES

HI:     Nigerian press play a significant role in polarization of national development.

HO:   Nigerian press does not play a significant role in polarization of national development.

H2:    Nigerian press had set an agenda on polarization of national development.

HO:   Nigerian press had not set an agender on polarization of national development.

H3: The press hard developed the new content in assemination of information.

HO:   The press had not developed the new content in dissemination of information.

H4:    Nigerian press have being able to report event effectively.

HO:   Nigerian press have not being able to report political event effectively.

 

1.8     DEFINITION OF TERMS CONCEPTUALLY

POLARIZATION – According to the advance learners dictionary of current English, polarization means to divide into groups based on two or more opposite principles, political opinions.

In the course of writing this project the term polarization will be taken to mean division within the body of the press in the country.

THE PRESS – The Advance learners Dictionary defines it as an organization for collecting News and supplying it to Newspaper. The term press will be used to mean various newspaper organizations in the country.

DEVELOPMENT – According to Advance Learners Dictionary of current English – development means process of development or being developed or a new stage, which is the result of development will be taken to mean all sphere of human development via: political economy, social and physical economy infrastructure that will enhance the well being of the people or as one time secondary general of United National Boutrous Ghali puts “Development is economic growth plus social changes”.

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT – The term national development mean uplifted of the nations economic, political and physical infrastructure condition.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

POLARIZATION – Division into opposite groups based on two or more opposite principles.

DEVELOPMENT – Change from bad condition to good condition.

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT – The changing of a nation from bad economy, political culture and moral decadence to good economy, political culture and high income of moral standard.

Download our android mobile app for more materials

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

ELECTRONIC MEDIA AS AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR CULTURAL PROPAGATION

(CASE STUDY OF OSINA TOWN IN IMO STATE)

PROPOSAL

Electronic media are media for information dissemination, which involve the use of electrical impulses like radio, television, and film/cinema.

Since electronic media reach millions of individuals daily and reflect societal values, these media have become targets for heavy scrutiny by researchers interpreted in determining the effects of cultural programmes on people.

This study is expected to un-envelope the positive and the negative effects of the cultural programme on people, and the impacts on television. Cultural programmes on the people. And finding other merits and demerits of foreign culture on people and the extent it has misbalanced our various existing cultural programme in the electronic media.

This study is believed to guide people in the way they live their lives, such as the way of dressing, speaking, eating, dancing and greeting etc. That is to say that its beneficial to society rather   than one that will make them look or behave negatively in the society.

In the third world country like Nigeria, there is a perceived cultural imbalance, lukewarm attitude of this generation our culture especially not something to write-home about. The Western culture which include their way of dancing, greeting, dressing, eating, language etc, has eaten deep into the fabric of this society we see our own style on these to be inferior and the consequences of that, is telling serious in us.

ABSTRACT

This study examined the electronic media as an effective instrument for cultural propagation. A case study of Osina Town in Ideato Local Government Area in Imo State.

Osina was selected for the study because of its strategic geographical location between Anambra and Abia State and its rich historical and cultural background. Osina, has qualified as a classical example of a development oriented community.

20 copies of questionnaires were administered among the populations sample chosen randomly from Imo State. In selection, two different areas where taken into cognizance which includes NTA Imo, IBC, Owerri. Analysis of the data revealed the relevance of culture and that electronic media is an effective instrument for cultural propagation, but the problem is on its abuses and mal-administrative. Moreover, the study also programmes and other broadcasting stations in the country have silenced our nations cultural heritage.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                             1

1.1     Background of the study                                         1

1.2     Statement of the research problem                           4

1.3     Objectives of the study                                            7

1.4     Significance of the study                                         8

1.5     Research questions                                                  9

1.6     Research hypothesis                                                10

1.7     Conceptual and operational definition                      10

1.8     Assumptions                                                            11

1.9     Limitations of the study                                           12

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE                                    14

2.1     Sources of literature                                                 14

2.2     The review                                                               14

2.3     Summary of literature review                                  16

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY                                                            17

3.1     Research Method                                                     17

3.2     Research Design                                                      20

3.3     Research Sample                                                      21

3.4     Data collection                                                         22

3.5     Data analysis                                                            23

3.6     Expected results                                                       25

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1     Data analysis                                                            27

4.2     Results                                                                     38

4.3     Discussion                                                               39

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

5.1     Summary                                                                 43

5.2     Recommendations for further study                         46

References                                                               51

Appendices                                                              53

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The role, which the mass media play in the day-to-day running and shaping of the society, cannot be under estimated. The mass media, especially the electronic media, which include radio, television and film, integrate the communal functions of the society. Relating both the internal and external environments. This they do by creating, monitoring and reinforcing people. This means that in their daily operations, the electronic media operate as essential tools for the direct project of ideas, thoughts and information.

According to Becker L. (1983,20) “The choice of behaviour, policies and services which help people to select and construct picture of the world around them tend largely to depend on communication and its pattern of handling information”.

SCHRMN W. (1963,2) in his own view liased indirectly with the above writer that “All sorts of technological innovations have accompanied the explosion of the electronic media, which opened sources for information and entertainment, to support cultural and social changes”.

Despite the worldwide increaser in the studies of the televised cultural programme, little is known of how people perceive such programmes. The major reason for this study is to find out if electronic media reach millions of individuals daily and reflect societal targets for heavy scrutiny by researches interpreted in determining the effects of cultural programmes on people. There is also strong evidence that at least some dysfunctional activities have been brought interactions with television and radio. That is why chukukere G. (1988,148) in her own view stated “the electronic media have become a major force in Nigeria socio-cultural, political, political and economic development”.

Melton G. Etal (1987,20) on his own side rightly put it that “Allmedia have the potential to affect cultural and socialization”.

With all this we can see that the influence of the electronic media goes a long way in our national heritage, most especially the cultural propagation of Osina’s town.

A BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OSINA TOWN prior to the institutionalization of mass communication in its present from the one generation to another.

In the olden days, communities or village groups undertook various forms of projects such as village halls, Village Square with juju shrines and various other traditional projects peculiar to different communities. Such development where usually initiated by age grades in conforming with established traditions of the local areas. The scale of such projects depended on the size of the community’s quality of leadership and available resources.

External influences limited these of projects to modern sophisticated projects such as school, hospital, post officers, pipe-borne water, telecommunication network and electrification of towns.

Communities in place of narrow winding tracks and logs of wood undertake modern tarred roads and bridges today across streams, which used to serve as bridges.

Some communities have gone further by establishing such infrastrural amenities as industries, mechanized farms, secondary schools etc.

This shift in scale and tempo of community development as outlined above will obviously provide an interesting aspect of this study.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

There are essential factors that motivated researchers to carry out on the use of electronic media for cultural promotion in Nigeria.

According to Arinze, A. (1973,5) “Nigerian’s are becoming increasingly aware of the culture and greater desire is being expressed for better understanding”. On the vein, there is an urgent need to improve our cultural heritage; and secondly to know why the western culture has displaced, dominated, destabilized and misbalanced ours. Every society that is future conscious and hopes to make a head-way development-wise must endeavour to exercise control over the background of their nation hence culture is not of their neighbours of the communities. Generally each community was contended with its own achievement and was unaware of its activities and development in distant communities. Inter-village wars and lack of means of transportation imposed restrictions or interaction between village and between towns.

In those days western education as we know it today was virtuality absent and developing projects were centered on the tradition or culture of the community. Hence, in the area, of such major development like roads, hospitals, maternities or school, the need was not felt and communities were generally ignorant.

In the area of transportation, which was felt even in those early days, developed, centered around narrow winding pathways for inter village communication and trade.

In contrast to the above situation, today’s various influences both within and outside the confines of the communities.

These influences have resulted in quest for development strategies on a comprehension scale.

Exposure of government activities stretching into nooks and corners of the stage brought about greater interaction between communities of differentiating backgrounds. Coupled with this, social, economic, and political changes have been brought to the doorsteps of various communities.

The deliberate or planned institutionalization of mass media, has been felt by various communities and this seems to have had direct bearing on both the extend the pattern of development projects.

Emphasis has now shifted from isolated local thoughts rather in hereditary. Therefore the extent Western cultural has misbalanced our is causing an eye-sour to many enlightened citizenry of this our blessed country and as such for us to remain adamant to such challenging trend to give credit to evil. Revitalization and restoration of our cultural integrity should be universal welcome opinion to every dick and Henry to this nation.

In the third world country like Nigeria, there is a perceived cultural imbalance. Lukewarm attitude of this generation towards our culture especially our youths is not something to write-home about.

The Western culture which include their way of dancing, greetings, dressing, eating, language etc, has eaten deep into the fabric of this society that we see our own style on these to be inferior and the consequences of that, is telling serious on us.

This study will go a long way in resolving the conflicts and other societal problems which where method as a result of this cultural negligence.

These problems posed on the society because of people’s poor attitude towards our cultural promotion in the hallmark for the motivation of the researcher to carryout this investigation.

 

1.3     OBJECTIVE FOR THE STUDY

The major purpose of this study is to instrument for cultural propagation. When the above is empirically identified, the researchers would move on to know the number of people who are the consumers and non-patronizes of television cultural programme.

The study is expected to un-enveloped the positive and negative effects of the cultural programme on people if any and especially to know the impact of television cultural programmes on the people. Finding out the merits and demerits of foreign cultural on people and the extent it has misbalanced our own cultural heritage should be another angle of attraction to the researcher.

Lastly but not the least, to give essential suggestions and recommendation based on finding of the researcher on why necessary joint efforts should be geared together to lubricate and revitalize our cultural heritage which is unavoidably, apparently and empirically a pivot by which the wheel of the national development revolves.

 

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Through the analysis of the electronic media reception, this study will highlight some benefits that could be derived from cultural programme portrays. It will as well give insight s to the extent the identified borrowed culture could be arrived or altered for the greater benefit of the individual and Nigerian society at large. This would pave way to nation building which all the third world are aiming at. Since cultural programmers would influenced writers, students, producers, directors and publishers, it would not be surprising that it can be used as a historical document to measure future changes.

Another significance is to find out the effectiveness of the various existing cultural programmes in the electronic media.

Last but not the least, this study is believed to guide people in the way they live their lives such as the way of dressing, speaking, eating, dancing, and greeting. That is to say that its beneficial to the society rather than one that will make them look or behave negatively in the society.

 

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• What are the extents to which cultural programmes are representation of realities?
• Is there equity in how the three major tribes or cultures are represented in electronic media?
• Who influences who?- The electronic media, cultural programme or the society?
• Are the noticeable and systematic changes in the way people react to television cultural programmes?
• Of what importance will replace of foreign culture be to the improvement of the people’s way of life?

1.6     RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis:

For the purpose of this study, and based on the above discussion as well as relevant theories on the role of mass media in national development, two hypotheses have been formulated.

The first is: That radio and television are more readily available and useful than newspaper to Osina community in contributing to community development of the town.

Second is: That Osina people get information which led to community development of the town more from electronic media than opinion leaders.

 

1.7     CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

This study will be egg-yoke-free and thereby define some of the terms involved in the topic. Therefore, permit us to pay courtesy to that.

Electronic Media: These are media for information dissemination, which involve the use of electrical impulses. It includes radio, television and film/cinema.

Effective Instrument: This means an effect that is the impact registered on something, able to bring about the result intended.

Cultural Propagation: The promotion of people’s way of life; spread more widely.

Osina: A town in Ideato local Government Area in Imo State. Embedded with strong cultural background, which development were usually initiated by age grades in conforming with established traditions of local areas.Listenship: The act of paying attention to a given broadcast programmes.

Rural Development: Any kind of effort by people or interest groups to bring changes in the countryside.

 

1.8     ASSUMPTION

As usual with a study of this nature, these researchers hereby made the following assumptions:

With the advancement, of technology in the field of mass communication, there trends to be growing awareness among societies. Therefore there is a general belief that people’s perceptions and understanding of media messages are considerably high.

It was also an assumption that people embark on industrialization as a result of mass media influence.

Furthermore, people more often attached importance to message programme through radio on a regular basis had chances of making impact on its audience. It was also assumed that most rural dwellers in Imo state speak and hear Igbo language in which the IBC(radio industrial development programme produced.

 

1.9     LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study is unavoidably limited by some factors.

These include the required resources with which to effectively carry out the work.

Significantly of notes is time. The time lag within which the research is supposed to be accomplished did not give room for exhaustive work.

In the same vein, the available manpower and expertise were not adequate for the best result. Also the vastness of the population compelled sampling, which no doubt not enable precise result. Besides, the greatest perhaps in the non-availability of required static data. Lack of finance to found the research is also a major handicap to this project.

These notwithstanding, conscious efforts made in the process of the undertaking to ensure such outcome that would stand the test of time, be reliable, dependable and generaliseable.

Download our android mobile app for more materials

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE