IMPACT OF MEDIA POLITICAL CAMPAIGN ON VOTING CHOICE OF THE ELECTORATE (A CASE STUDY OF 2003 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, AND STUDY OF OWERRI MUNICIAPAL COUNCIL IN IMO STATE.

ABSTRACT

The impact of media political campaign of voting choice of the electorate in Nigeria.  A study of Owerri municipal council in Imo State Nigeria.

The media political campaign often takes place during election period.  The campaign comes before the election.  It is an avenue for the candidates to sell or advertise their persons and electoral promise coupled with party manifestoes before the election date.  And in order to reach the electorates, the politicians make use of the mass media, which is an agent of dissemination of information to the grassroots level.

          The media carries out political campaign to electorates through

Constant relaying of information about candidates and their political intentions and positions they are aspiring to occupy.

The major purpose of this media political campaign is to influence the voter’s choice of candidate or candidates during the elections.

CHAPTER ONE:         INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY          1 – 4
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 4 – 5
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 5 – 6
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6
• RESEARCH QUEATIONS                                      7
• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 7 – 8
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 8
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 9
• CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 9 – 10

1.10    AGENDA SETTING THEORY                                      10 – 15

NOTES                                                                                    16

Vii

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• SOURCE OF LITERATURE                         17
• THE REVIEW 18 – 26

NOTES                                                                                    27

 

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• RESEARCH DESIGN                                                  28
• POPULATION 28 – 29
• SAMPLE SIZE 29 – 30
• SAMPLE TECHNIQUE                                 30 – 31
• INTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION 31 – 32
• DISTRIBUTION OF INTRUMENTS OF DATA

COLLECTION                                                                         32

• DATA ANALYSIS                                       32 – 33

NOTE                                                                                       34

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS

• DATA PRESENTATION         35 – 46
• TEST OF HYPOTHESIS 46 – 48
• FINDINGS/DISCUSSION 49 – 57

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY/CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDIES

• SUMMARY/CONCLUSION 58 – 61
• RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDIES 62

APPENDIX                                                                              63

          QUESTIONNAIRE                                                           64 – 67                  BIBLOGRAPHY                                                               68 – 72

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria, the mass media are saddled with the responsibility of informing, entertaining and educating the public. They also act as watching on the socio political machinery. These responsibilities out across all facets of life including polities and political decisions. It is often argued that the degreed of people’s participation in politics, depend on the information, which they get from the media.

Harold Laswell believes that “man has always needed something to watch over his environment and report to him on dangers, discoveries, opportunities, opinions, facts, decisions, changes and current trends. Something to entertain people on a broad scales something to broaden trade, commerce politics.

Beside, some experts as the informer and manipulator of mass opinion often describe the media, because they are the major sources of social and political information. What seems to give credence to the above claims is the prime places which governments, political time. They believe that the media can establish new attitudes or change existing forms of behavior, through there various programmed disseminated to the mass audience.

Again, the axiom “if the media says so, it must be true” and that the pen is mightier than the sword, typify the power of the media in the socio-political and economic existence of a nation. “To a large segment of the world’s population, the media portrays reality. Many people are not able to see that the media are not infallible”. No wonder, the third world countries, concerning Africa. They claim that such information are time-bombs, and if uncontrolled, may bring down the fragile political walls of the African countries, just recently, Kalu Ndukwe Odiba (1999) echoed in his seminar paper: “the mass media and opinion formation”, presented in a workshop organized by the academic staff union of polytechnics, bida chapter, that “the level pf political awareness, responsibility and participation in any given democratic society, depends largely on the public will, the media examine the political policies and programmed of the ruling class, educates the masses, motive, mobilizes and when necessary manipulates them into active participation or otherwise in the political programmed. Although he admitted that dissemination of information through the media does not equal acceptance by the masses, he emphasized that the media influence in modeling people’s political decision and behavior would remain unquestionable. It is believed that one of the underlying principles behind massive establishment of house, during political times is the indispensable foes of the media in selling political ideologies, education, propaganda and publicity.

In discussing the role of the Nigeria mess media during the 1979 general elections in Nigeria, Adoeoye Akinnsanya noted that.

“The press in both a product as well as a producer of mass opinion. He explained that the press is a product in the sense of their editorials, and a producer of opinion in the sense that they have been used to influence direct public opinions”.

Lucian Pye added that, “the mass media are amplifying factors in the society. They inform the people of the political behavior and misbehavior of these in power and thus, their power is amplified by making it possible for the people to determine the fate of the politicians in future elections” on, his arrivals back home in 1935, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe (late), one of African’s most glamorous politicians and Journalists noted that: “There is no better means to arouse African people than by the power of pen of the tongue”. By power of the pen, Zik meant of the newspaper and magazines while the tongue represented radio and television.  It is against this background that many political parties and politicians commit large human and material resources on multiple media, political campaigns, at times, without proper analysis and understanding of the extent to which political campaigns through the mass media influences electoral decisions.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Often times, politician and political parties spend human and material resources on multiple media political campaigns.  They believe that the media have the power and capacity of manipulate and mobilize the electorate into expected political behaviour for them, the axiom that if the media says so, it must be true, still holds especially, among non-formally educated and illiterate electorate.

However, the degree of validity or otherwise of their presumptions has not been ascertained, some communication and political experts say that other variables, apart from media political campaign play dominant roles, others argue otherwise.  This is the problem finding out, if political campaign, through the mass media, has any influence or otherwise, on the voting behaviour of the electorate, and to what extent.

 

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at discovering whether multiple political campaign, through the mass media, have any significant impact on the voting behaviour of the electorate.  It should also find out if there are other variables apart from media political campaign that influences voters political decisions.  It should also find out the degree of influence of each of the probable variables and which should be emphasized by the society.

Remarkable, some researchers, P. Lozarfield, H. Lass well, carried out similar studies on the topic on the 1940 presidential election of the U.S.A., their studies were conducted in 1944 and 1948, after about 40 years of study, it is imperative to re-examine similar topic, using different study sample, methodology and under different environmental and cultural circumstances, apart from updating knowledge, the findings of this study would either validate or invalidate the results of earlier researchers on the basis of contemporary development in mass communication.

 

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study, study, serves as a guide to present future politicians, political party leaders and government, in charting appropriate courses in all their political undertaking.  The media role and place in politics and political campaign have been fully determined.  It is also beneficial to students and society in general, because it adds to existing knowledge.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Does mass media political campaign influence voter’s political decisions in elections?
2. To what extent does media political campaign influence voter’s decision?
3. Are there any other variables, apart from media political campaign that determines voter’s political behaviour?
4. Which of these variables (including mass media political campaign) play dominant roles in shaping political behaviour of the electorate?
5. Which of the mass media organs is perceived to be most influential?

 

 

 

• RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H₀      Political campaign through the mass media has more influence   on the voting behavior of the electorate.

H₁      Political campaign through the media does not have influence on the voters behavior.

H₂      Political media campaign creates only awareness of the contestants.

 

1.7     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is limited by finance, and scope. It covers, only Owerri urban, and used only randomly selected eligible voters. As a case study, it may be difficult to generalize the finding to other electorate in other cities, due to possible interviewing variables, both at the time of this study and at the time media campaign and voting at elections. This study was carried out based on the 1999 presidential elections. Again, the choice of 400 respondents in Owerri urban does not equal the entire population of the owerri metropolis.

Nevertheless, the findings of this research can serve heuristic functions. Future researchers should consider increased sample size area of study and integrated media political campaign approach.

Remarkably, this study does not include political campaigns embarked upon through other channel of human communication. It covers only the radio, television, newspapers and magazines.

 

1.8     OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. MASS MEDIA: They include radio, television, newspaper, and magazines. These are technologically oriented channels through which Journalism practitioners disseminate information *including political campaign) to the audience.
2. CAMPAIGNS: Series of planned political activities to gain support or election purposes.
3. ELECTORATES: People, within a country, who have constitutional rights to vote in election, organized in the country. In Nigeria, the voting age is 18 years.

 

1.9   CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. MASS MEDIA: These are those organizational complex systems of print and electronic communication that make mass information readily accessible to large and distant audiences in an informal fashion. They also include traditional media and all those channels of transmitting information to a audience. Examples are posters, gongs, drums, newspapers, television, magazines, radio etc.
2. CAMPAIGN: Series of planned activities through communication to sell a product, win public support, sell an idea, or opinion of individual, groups or organization series of communication activities or other planned strategies aimed at converting people into an opposing viewpoint or accept a cherished ideology.
3. ELECTORATE: People within a community group organization or country that can vote in elections organized by that group. They include people of all age brackets including the children.

 

1. 10 AGENDA SETTING THRORY

Agenda setting implies that the mass media predetermine what issues are regarded as important at a given society. Agenda setting theory does not ascribe to the media the power to determine what we actually think, but it does ascribe them the power to determine what we are thinking about and how we think about them. They set the agenda for political campaigns, for instance the elements involved in agenda setting include:

The quantity of frequency of reporting:

Prominence given to the reports, through head line display, picture and layout in newspaper, magazine, film, graphics or timing on radio and television

The degree of conflict generated in the reports and cumulative media-specific effects over time. Kunezik (1988:1992) point out that the opportunity for agenda setting by the mass media becomes enhanced, when the value structured of a society is in a state of flux. Furthermore, Lang and Lang (1960) drew attention to two important factors in agenda setting.

1. The “reciprocal effect” concerned with the very presence of the media at the scene of an event and
2. The landslide effect” which refers to the (usually exaggerated) impressions created by the kind of media handling or reporting-waving crowd, ovations, booing etc.

 

As Kunezik point out, appropriate procedures for seeming agenda – setting involve companions between media content over a certain period and the subjects that most people in the society are discussing, the greater the consonance, the more the agenda setting hypothesis is confirmed. There have been criticism of the agenda – setting hypothesis but it is generally agreed that it has strong enough basis in logic and experience as marshal incluhan (1968, 2004) concludes, the press can colour events by using them in a particular way or refusing to use at all.

Furthermore, the notion of agenda setting by the media can be traced to Walter Lip Mann (1922) who suggested the media were responsible, for the pictures in out leads. However in 1972 and 1976 Mccombs and Shaw asserted that “audiences not only lean about, public issues and other through the media, they also learn how much importance to attach to an issue or topic from emphasis, the media place upon it” for instance, for the single fact that the Nigeria mass media choose to highlight and reflect the issue of certificate scandal of former speaker of the house of representatives Alhaji Salihu Buhari the public would not have known and the house will make out time to deliberate in the issue and go further to investigate on the issue.

Lang and Lang (1966) observed “The mass media focus attention on certain issues-they are constantly presenting objects, suggesting what individuals on the mass should think about, know about, have feeling about”.  It therefore means that the media act as a mirror to the society.  They x-ray to us how we are, how to do things and when to do it.  These the media do owing to their controlling influence by the media we talk of their capacity and ability to state categorically and define what issues are important in the society. However, the agenda setting can be understood to the ability of the media to correct impressions that were further to hold negatively in the society.  It could be recalled that before now, eligible electorates had sat down, folded their arms watching things going wrong in the country simply because the mischief makers seized the opportunity to exercise their mandate and enthrone the candidate of their choice who over time aggravated the plights of these non performing eligible electorates.

However, the knowledge of this theory helps us to understand communication realities.  But for the media to be able to set agenda, they must but develop.  When the media are developed they will go a long way to adequately set the agenda for the people especially when the media are perceived to be credible and dependable and when they posses the capacity to reflect and project the social, cultural, economic, political, academic features of the masses.  Again the media are perceived to be credible from their ability to meet the felt needs of the audience they are serving.

More so, the media have interactive characteristics, characteristics that enable them to know what the people want, when they want it, how they want it.  By that we talk of the capacity of the media to have the inbuilt mechanism of feedback.  The media that can be said to be credible should not only be seen as dissemination oriented but getting to know how the audiences are receiving  messages or ascertaining whether the media operate the top bottom approach, which would not augur well for effective agenda setting.  Death becomes an important issue to us, regardless of the level of importance we place on life the media have capacity to convey life.

NOTES:

1. CHARLES OKIGBO “News flow and media, effects some

perplexing questions on national

image” in Ikechukwu E. Nwosu, ed.

Mass Communication and National

Development (frontier publishers

Limited, Aba 1999) pg. 338

2. KALU N. ODIBA “The mass media and opinion

formation” unpublished seminar paper,

1999, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger

State.

3. HAROLD LASSEWLL “The structure and function of mass

media in society” in Wilbur Scram

ed, Mass Communication urban,

Illinois, University of Illinois USA.

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LANGUAGE PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA BROADCAST MEDIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                                                1

1..1    Background of the study                                                          1

• Research Problem 8
• Objectives of the study 9
• The scope of the study 10
• Significance of the study 11
• Hypothesis                     12

CHAPTER TWO

THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• The review of literature 14
• Summary of the literature review of literature 34

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research Sample 37
• Measuring Instrument 37
• Data Collection 38
• Proposed method of data analysis 39
• Sampling Population 39

CHAPTER FOUR:

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

• Distribution of respondent by sex 41
• Researcher’s survey 44
• Distribution by age
• Distribution by respondents by marital status
• Distribution of respondents by educational qualification or background
• Distribution of respondents occupational background
• Researcher’s survey
• Testing of hypothesis
• Hypothesis number one
• Statistical table 51
• Hypothesis number two
• Statistical  table
• Hypothesis number three
• Statistical table

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF RESEARCH

5.1          Summary of research                                                     56

5.2          Findings                                                                           57

5.3          Conclusion                                                                       59

5.4          Questionnaires                                                                62

5.5           Bibliography                                                                    66

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND

This study was prompted by the prevailing circumstances surrounding the contemporary Nigerians concerning language and communication (broadcasting) broadcasting media  since. Its inception has  been serving as a means of communication through which an individual shares in the world around him and beyond his immediate environment. By this if means that with broadcasting Nigeria has to partake of ideas them  to adjust to the  challenges of industrialization and adopted of innovation. What then is the language that is appropriate far this challenges a head of us? Can this 250 languages spoken in Nigeria make a headway or are we to adopt one and only languages since we claim to  be a developed nation far effectiveness for our broadcasters.

One appreciates that this topic has many dimensions. It could be looked at from the purely linguistic, the communication (both mass and inter personal) from the political the economic, the social as well as the cultural. An attempt will also be made to examine as many of this factors as possible under the following sub titles.

The problem of multilingual society.

The origin and nature of language

The language experiments  in other part of the world and the language for Nigeria.

The key variables language and “broadcasting have provoked very any discusses in the past to  make this one not too necessary.

The very crucial role of language in broadcasting and consequently the great impact of the turn variables to  human communication makes the study of language and its relationship to better communication an essential condition. Both language and broadcasting serve as means to communicate ends. While language serves as means of broadcasting both radio and television, serves as a medium mass communication. When we think of language, we think of syutax and of course attach conventional sense and usage to our expression.

For the development of the elements of human communication, these is need for language acquisition of language and its proper use call for the marriage of roles between the linguist and the grammarian. There is a value immediately suggested in the fact that the current grammar of a language focuses upon actual language behavour instead of “paper language” as Havens (1965) calls ordinary linguistic material. In addition, as for as the study of language is concerned there is a distinct advantage in stressing actual acquisition of responses of speaking and reading.  When we think of the language acquisition, we do not think of the acquisition of just words and ideas in solution. We should think of the acquisition in a wider centext of the district ability  to express attention using language as a means of modifying behavlour as a means of discovery and proper adjustment to  our environment. We should think of the acquisition in a wider context of the district ability to express intention, using language as a means of modifying behavour, as a means of modifying behaviour, as a means of discovery and proper adjustment to our environment.

Language thus generated function to communicate general attitudes towards life, creating what  the anthologist Bronislour malinowish call “ a phatic communion” a type of speech in which these types of union are created by a more exchange of words. Attaining this state envisaged by malinewise calls for skill a still borne out of good grip on the means of achieving this end. Acquisition of this special skill call for the ideas of been “Jack of all trade but mastery  of none” far this skills to be established and maintained we have to adopt and maintain one language only.

To be more precise, the broadcast communicator because the deals in more instantaneous way with this cliff tool, language, should not only be skilled on the control of all his resources, he should be a linguist and in fact,  a grammarian. If is obvious that how adjustments are made is conditioned by the speech techniques that have been imposed upon the individual by the cultural circumstances in which he is reared. Just as he is made to act in a way, so is he required to speak in a certain manner. The fact that language is an important key to verbal human communication goes to stress the vital role assigned to linguistics.

Jesperson notes that the desence of language human activities on the part of  are individual to make him understood by another and an activity on the part of the other to understand what was in the mind of the first. Wards and forms are treated as if they were things or natural objects with an existence of their own. When a doctor fails to cure his patient, it is after because he has arred in his diagnosis. His treats tuberculosis when  the object of the attract is really, pernicious  anemia.

This is the same case when it comes to language as a problem to broadcasting media in Nigeria today. Instead of adopting are and only language we went as far as obtaining about 250 languages there by creating a serious problem as far as communication is concerned . As William Shakepeare put it in king Lear “ mend your speech as a little lest it mar your fortune” I believe that is the first insurance against our chaotic language situation and to promote national integration we must head Shakespeare’s advice  to “mend our speech a little”.

Further more, our ethnic language limit the economic range of the individual, particular, as explained earlier, the illustrate members of our society who do not understand the English language. With bare home education by her father, herself as one of the greatest writes of the English language. Her success, apart from the innate factor, has been attributed to  her being convenient with the language in her day to day life. She was bore in it, lived in  it  and works it. But in this country if anyone does not have at  least a credit in English  language at the school certificate or its equivalent, he is doomed.

Apart from religicn, it is generally agreed that the greatest causes of wares is perhaps language differences. Language is what mainly distinguishes are tribes from other. Because there are many languages in a  country there is tribalism. These and some other dangers on language as far as communication ( broadcasting) is concerned as could be seen in the literature review. An appraisal of the above will put are in no doubt that the researcher’s decision to delve into this problem is rational, justified and worthy, if the statement of Jane Austen is deemed to be true because if the nation will be mindful enough to choose are and only language I feel every one not only broadcasting media will be like Jane Austen.

This is because everybody will be conversant with the language in her to day life and as a result there will be effectiveness in all ramifications.

 

• STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

In  this project topic attempt will be made to examine this problems such as the difficulties which a multingual society has caused to over broadcasting media in the Nigeria contest questions such as the origin and nature of language. What is language? How does it work ? How do  ever  established the areas of common interest  in languages generally. The language experiments in other pats of the world. The language for Nigeria. There are the major  removable problems we vented to tackle and provide solutions to its study.

 

• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study stands to achieve the following purpose. To study the language problems of multilingual society. To know the origin and nature of language. To choose the language that is suitable for communication e.g broadcast media in Nigeria.

To establish one and only language as an indigenous language throughout the country for proper and effective broadcast commination in the country.

 

• THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is  generally centered an the topic “ language problem in Nigeria broadcast media. A lot of efforts have been made to make sure that the  sub –topic discussed does not go beyond the scope of main topic. Although the study will look into such issues as language and communication. But the main focus is to climate the 250 languages adopted in Nigeria and to establish one only for communication such as broadcast media in the Nigeria context.

 

 

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

There is virtually no group of individual in the contemporary Nigerian nation that cannot benefit from this study. This topic has been a controversial issues facing everybody especially communication exports, practicing journalists, potential journalists, Agriculturists, baking industries and a host of others.

It is to prove beyond any reasonable doubt that as a result. Nigerians have become jack of all trade but mastery of non when it comes to language and communication but more emphasis is laid in broadcast media.

If this objectives are achieved, people will no longer find it difficult to communicate they  will be in a better position be born and breed into a particular language and there will be more effectiveness for broadcasting media when it comes to spoken and written languages.

• HYPOTHSIS

1. Language has posed a very big problem in Nigeria as far as broadcast communication is concerned .
2. Many options have been proffered in both newspaper articles and in discussions by Nigerians.

• Some people have suggested that since many Nigerians understand the pidgin English and so it should be adopted as a national language to the exclusion of others.

1. One other suggestion is that a nations language should be allowed to develop unconsciously from al he forms of communication privately in the country.
2. Some say that the three major languages should be adopted namely: Hausa, Igbo and Yaruba for broadcast
3. Some suggest that Nigeria should adopt one of the indigenous language correctly spoken in the country.

• The final proponet is that the English language should be adopted as language for communication .i. e (broadcst) to the exclusive of al others.

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PRESS AS A VEHICLE FOR EFFECTIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF IDEMILI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE).

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                            1

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 8
• PURPOSE OF STUDY 10
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 12
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY 14
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS. 15

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• LITERATURE SOURCE 17
• THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 17
• THEORETICAL FRAME WORK. 23

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.                                    30

• RESEARCH METHOD 30
• TARGET POPULATION 31
• SAMPLE SIZE 31
• SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 32
• RESEARCH DESIGN 33
• DATA COLLECTION 34

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION

• SUMMARY 56
• CONCLUSION 58
• RECOMMENDATION 60

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                    62

APPENDIX                                                             64

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In a complex society like ours the role which the press radio, television, newspapers, magazines and all forms of communication can play in effective rural development should not be over emphasized. Like other agents of development such as learning, the press especially the newspaper is very important in the proper development of our rural communication. The press as the fourth estate of the realm has other vital roles to play in the current campaign for effective rural development apart from its traditional roles as the watch dog of the society.

A lot has been written about rural development. This is because of its importance in the development of the individual, his life style  and with a view to making him satisfied, as well as making available those non existing facilities in a rural  area, for the good of the inhabitants. “ Rural development, thus according to Akonobi is:

Economic and social conditions not surprisingly, in the  past ex-president Babangida’s rural development programme as from the majority of Nigerians and is still hailed to some rural areas. The programme not misery, it makes a progressive shift in publics and its policies are similar to that of general Abacha’s family support programme (FSP) and petroleum Trust Fund (PTF) . In our contemporary existence as a democratically independent nation, the lots of rural dwellers, these inhabitants situated in the hinterlands, far away from the urban areas, pleasure of life goodies and all those aspect that ensure man as a living and existing being has been one of nation’s deprivation, illiteracy, disease and vast poverty and total degradation.

As if the above unseeingly situation is not enough for these rural peasants access roads are completely lacking clean drinking water is luxury while social amenities are practically not available. Research have shown that over 70% (percent) of the entire population live in the rural area, yet, the bulk of nations wealth especially in agriculture are from the uninhabitable rural areas. Hence completely disenchanted and alienated. These peasant, rural inhabitants have come to see the urban dwellers with envy and resentment, seeing the government as being meant for the urban dweller. Past regimes potently ignorant of the realities and of course the practicalities. General Babangida in his blue print for rural development said : “ rural development holds the key, to sustained agricultural transformation and national food security.”

After these too, the IBB administration in her effort to accomplish the prime objective, came up with the directorate for food, road and rural infrastructure, (DEFR). This directorate is changed with the responsibility of carrying the campaign for  development in  the rural areas.

Extensively, as a part of the idea to make rural dwellers have a sense of belonging and participate in the process of national economic reconstruction and self – reliance. Ikem Nosu is one  of his books says that:

“These facilities range, from good water, electricity, recreational facilities, judicial and other institution etc. it is thus all embracing “.

The then Minister of information Col. Anthony Ukpo spoke of government plan to construct information centres, both in the rural area. He explained in an NTA Calabar (not seat) programme. These  information board will serve as centre for disseminating informations and explaining government policies to the rural populace”.

Equal too, different local and state government mapped our different programmes aimed at ensuring fast and effective rural development programme that is channeled towards rural development. The joint  action on development’ (JAD) is social amenities, good roads etc. Idemili North local government area like every other local government in Anambra state, in line with ‘JAD’s programme has added special programme on adult education as their own contribution towards effective rural development in the state.

From the foregoing, therefore, bearing in mind the continuous existence of development programmes in various states, we shall take a step to examine the role which the press can play in solving the problem s facing these rural dwellers. For the purpose of this work emphasis is more on the newspaper having considered its bearing as compared with the radio and television.

Newspaper plays a prominent / vital role in the information dissemination in our society, in the current campaign for effective rural development despite its traditional roles as an observer of the society.  The press is seen as a mirrow to what’s happening and it gives representative picture and giving choices in other words, the print is more accessible in accordance to this Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe said:

“That a newspaper is usually a reflection of the mood of times” apart from its lasting power, its cast is usually lower than that mostly the well to do. In most cases incessant power failures don’t make things better. In other words the print is more accessible. Hence if carefully preserved they will last long.

According to emerg et al. they exist to inform and influence the communities in which they are performing and the man who produces them share a common urge to news and advertising into print. Like wise opubor in one of his unpublished article said that:  “the mass media like weather are always then provide constant material for conservation.

Moreover, with the present introduction of different programmes and campaign on development, like social, political and economical programmes ie. Universal Basic Education (UBE) to support the existing programmes like (FEAP) family economic advancement programme, newspaper can work along side with these mapped out programmes to improve the poor man’s well bring (rural dwellers). The newspapers can help by communicating to the masses in the rural areas the government programme aimed at developing them: move to its credit, the newspaper can act as the middle man (ombudsman) between the rural dwellers and the government.

Hence the community newspaper, and urban newspaper and the national newspaper performs the ombudsman’s function for the rural and urban respectively.

Furthermore, the newspaper can encourage the spirit of community development in the people. They can be persuaded to involve themselves in developing their communities through self help project. Yet the newspaper do not exit without problems in carrying out this task of rural development for instance, the government control on newspapers and intervention on ownership makes it impossible for them to perform out rightly, instead they serve as government mouthpieces. Illiteracy is another type of problem which the press do encounter:  A large population of the ruralities are illiterates and this hinders any progress newspaper can make. In view of these situations therefore, this research is set to find out the parts which the press (especially newspaper can play in rural  development.). hence the focus is on Idemili Local Government Area Anambra State.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In a democratic country like ours, the importance of the press cannot be over emphasized the press despite that is an important key to success but it is very useful in development process. The press encompasses the responsibilities of informing, educating, persuading the entire populace. Apart from these traditional functions of the press, they still harness rural skill and agriculture.  Stem the fide of urban migration etc. all these are to help the rural folks to participate in the development of the nation and instill a sense of competition among the populace.

As a means of accomplishing the above objectives, it is imperative to make information flow across the nation a two – ways process. Before now, dissemination of information fend to from the urban to peripheral regions. No serious moves were made to understand the needs serious moves were made to understand the needs of the people that are situated in the hinterlands. Far away from the urban cities, which form a part of their readership audience.

It should re noted that without understanding, the needs conditions and desires of these ruralities, they cannot be developed. Information should  be made to flow from every direction in multiple ways. As a result of this, there is the need to establish a rural radio forum, informations booths should be  introduced and should be encouraged.

Through the press has undergone may transformations resulting in setting up of many community newspapers how far they have gone in improving the lots our rural dwellers is till doubtful and the fact that they news stand.

More painful is the stance that even now that the country is laying more emphasis on rural development without implementing them some Nigerian newspapers do not realize the need to bridge the information gap by orientating people on the new demands of them. Today’s’ events show that government can no longer do all things for the citizenry especially rural dwellers. So it is necessary for the press (newspapers) to nature and enrich the new direction by bring authentic to achieve an effective rural development.

In agreement with the importance of the press in development, late elder statesman, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe mentioned in a press interview that it would play more for the favourlist to channel greater development in all section. This relates the importance of press in developing and enlighten the rural dwellers not only the urban dwellers.

Hence in this research work, the problems include:

1. finding out whether or not the press is reforming is role in rural development.
2. finding out if the efforts made by newspapers in improving its present plans (efforts at rural development)
3. Finding out whether or not the ruralities view the efforts of the press as effective means of enhancing their rural development.
4. Finally, finding our problems which the press may encounter in its efforts to carry out these responsibilities.

 

 

• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To find out the actual influence of the press on community development capabilities of rural dwellers in Idemili Local government area. To be precise thee main purpose of this work is to find out how far the press has changed or influenced the attitudes of rural dwellers towards developing their communities.

Apart from the aforementioned purpose. This study will imbibe in their mind, the spirit of self help and peaceful co-existence because development does not start with good, and things rather it starts with people their, orientation, organization and discipline thrives. Therefore, it is the aim of this research to evaluate the efforts of the press.

It is also pertinent to point out that the co-coordinators or the producers of these community development programme would like to know whether they have any influence on the rural dwellers, the extent of such influence and whether there are any completing variables that may also influence the developing capabilities of these ruralities. In view of this situation, this study will Idemili local government area.

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

As pointed out earlier, the present administration has viewed rural development as one of universal basic education (UBE) and other social economical and wealth campaign programme at the national level and joint action on development (JAP) at the state level (Anambra state)  into support already existing development programmes by the past regime. Based on this research is to find out to what extent the behaviour objective has been met and how to improve on the effort being made.

However, this study is more than necessary in view of the fact that the press is capable of diew of the fact that the press is capable of generating competition which may eventually lead to rural development. Therefore, it is imperative that this study be undertaken to evaluate how well the press has gone in accomplishing the above objectives in Idemili local government area.

In another development though the press is almost available at all, level of the country this research aims at finding out how far the proposition that information flow from the urban cities to the periphery is wrong or correct and since the press has a role to play in the development of rural areas receive information from the available information. This research tends to reveal whether the rural folks in Idemili are properly informed and how far such has influenced their attitudes towards community development.

Moreover, this work is also aimed at making recommendations that will help to improve the lot of rural communities in Idemili local government area. The recommendation will also help to correct any mistake and make possible suggestions that will assist in rural development. These recommendations will come at the end of this research work.

 

 

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work is limited to Idemili to local government area of Anambra State. However, this is as a result of several factors as would be seen below. One is finance, which almost hindered the writing of this project. The cost of living ands necessities seem to be rising as days passers by, at an alarming height and the cost of producing this work will not be an exception.

Another factor that is a limitation to his project is time factor. There is no gain saying that time is an essential factor in any undertaking work, since it is known especially in a project like this and a semester that is as short a this. It was very difficult to attend lectures, study privately, have some time on your own, act at the same with this short period travel down to Idemili local government headquarters and finally work on this project.

Again, transportation and bad roads also  proved a stumbling block in effort to make this research work a success, bearing in mind the high cost of transportation. It was also difficult reach the communities the unwelcome attitude of fact finding. the unwelcome attitude of some of the villagers proud too reluctant and uncivilized despite the good sense/ manner of approach used. One of those interviewed at Oba village in Uke for instance asked what right the researcher had to confront him with question and why it was him that is being interviewed. Perhaps, he must have thought that the researcher was trying to find out the taxable adults in the locality.

Moreover, lack of communication books and well equipped library was a set back in efforts carry out this research work, to worsen the carryout this research work, to worsen the situation the ones found in stock, no time make enough research on them because are too expensive.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What efforts have the press made in improving its present performance towards rural development?
2. What are the problems facing such effort .
3. What are the possible solutions to the problems?
4. To what extent does the influence of the press effects the improvement of rural development?
5. what are the problems that tends to influence the efforts of the press in improving rural development?

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ASSESSMENT OF POLITICAL ADVERTISING AND THE VOTING BEHAVIOR OF NIGERIANS (A CASE STUDY OF 2007 GENERAL ELECTION)

ABSTRACT

 

Before now, Nigerian and of course Nigerian have embattled with several transition programmes, and all along the populace exhibited a high sense of political awareness and consciousness.

This no doubt can be attributed to the creditable nature of the numerous media in the country through political advertisement. Just like every advertisement, political advertisement is aimed at capturing the attention of the audience and consequently changing their voting decision owing to the fact that we are yet to attain a substantial level of political sophisticated where a voter will meticulously and critically analyze every political information coming from the mass media which will in turn aid them in the scrutiny of each of the political party and their candidates.

Also politicians and political parties have sincerely handled employed various other means of advertising their candidates, all to facilitate voting at the polls. However, the creditability of some of these means is still in doubt.

Matured and proper political advertising is the only way by which the candidates can gain acceptance and respect voters. It is for this reason that this research study intends to highlight the immense benefit of political advertising.

CHAPTER ONE

 

• Background of The Study

Advertising is a form of communication (written or oral) that attempts to sell something weather it takes the form of Newspaper, magazine, radio, television, internet etc.

On the other hand, advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers, or listeners) to purchase a particular goods or services. It is also a paid communication overtly intended to inform and influence one or more people.

Political advertising is the act of paying a broadcasting or electronic medium by a political party in order to purchase advertising time.

The media ensure sustainable election campaign by rightly disseminating vital political awareness through which they motivate voters to go to election polls and effect their leaders.

Politicians have used broadcast and print media to disseminate their messages since 1950, this is because they recognize the role the media play in shaping and forming the opinion of the voters. The media have traditionally been viewed as channels through which political advertising is placed in order to reach as main people as possible.

In 1952, Eisenhower was the first American presidential candidate to use television to transmit his political message forever changing the nature of political advertising. In 1960, the television debate between Kennedy and Nixon was supplemented by advertising that were more about style than substance.

Nixon’s serious advertising which featured him hovering over a desk and speaking directly to camera, was a few cry from Kennedy’s bubble jungle like advertising.

However, as the 2011 election of Nigerian gubernatorial, senatorial and presidential seats draw near, a lot of political advertising posters and jungles troop into print and broadcasting media. Every candidate want to be heard of by the vote for them when the time comes. Some go as advertising campaigns, disclosing their manifestos ie. what they will do when voted into power.

The media uses the agenda setting power to shape the opinion of voters, convincing them to vote for a particular candidate. The accepting whatever the media disseminates because they believe that whatever they see or hear from the media is truth.

Since the revolutionary study of 1940 on voting by Paul Lazards and his associates, when analyzing the 1940 election campaigns in the United States of America in the choice of the people, they discovered that personal contact appears to have effect in influencing voting decisions. As a result of this, political researchers have focuses mostly on predicting voting outcomes with little attention of political advertising on the people of Nigeria. It is therefore crucial not only to declinate the importance of political advertisement but it’s effect on the voting behavior or Nigerians.

In 1963, Richard Nixon writes that campaign contributes to the dense and rise of politicians Dan Dimmo after noting that high expenses that accompany political campaigns, remarked that politicians are willing to spend extravagant sums of money because they strongly believe that electoral campaign can make or mar political careers, parties, progreammes etc.

In the same vain, Nigerian Chis Doghuje said, in a paper presentation titled, political advertising and non-though, which was presented at a seminar organized by Advertising Practitioners Council Of Nigeria (APCON) on November 27th – 29th 1991 that “Politicians should depend on advertisers to package them”.

• Statement of The Problem

During election periods, a lot of advertisements are carried out on television, radio, billboard, pamphlets etc. to inform and advise voters to go to poll and vote candidates of their choice. What impact does these advertisements have on the voters? Do they react positively to them by coming out on election days to vote candidates of their choice? If they don’t why? Does it means they don’t really get the messages appropriately or have they other means of being politically alerted.

 

• Objective of The Study

• To know the impact of political advertising on Nigerian voters
• To know the mass media that influences voters most
• To know how voters react to political advertising
• To enlighten the masses on how to analyse political information.

 

 

 

 

• Significance of The Study

This study will help in finding out the effect of political advertising.

It will also help in knowing the media of communication that influences the voters most.

It will aid politicians to appreciate the effect of political advertising.

It will educate the masses on how to analyse political information at their disposal.

 

• Research Questions

This project provides answers to the following research questions

• Through which medium do voters usually get their information from?
• What is the influence of these various media, used in disseminating political advertising?
• Will the voters continue to rely on political advertisement as their means of getting political information?
• Will the politicians continue to use political advertisement as their means of campaign

 

• Research Hypothesis

H₁:    Political advertisement influences the voting behavior of the voters in Nigeria

H₀:    Political advertising does not influence the voting bevhaiour of the voters in Nigeria

H₂:    The basic aim of political advertising messages are geared towards influencing voters.

H₀:    The basic aim of political advertising messages are not geared towards influencing voters

H₃:    The majority of voters also tend to believe that political influence they get from non media sources like parents, clubs, social organization and churches.

H₀:    The majority of voters don’t tend to believe the political influence they get from non media sources like parents, clubs, social organization and churches.

 

 

• Theoretical Framework

AGENDA SETTING THEORY

This theory was first developed by Prof Maxwell McCombs and Prof Donald Shaw in their Chapel Hill Study (1968). The theory talks about how mass media sets the agenda fro public opinion, by highlighting certain issues. In studying the was political campaigns were covered in the media, Shaw and McCombs found that the main effect of the news media was to set an agenda, ie. to tell people not what to think, but what to think about as opposed to persuasion or attitude change.

During political advertising, the mass media can influence voters opinion by setting an agenda on public discourse.

The agenda setting theory also said that the news media present the public not with picture of the world as it is but with an agenda of their own-a selecting of reports about what is happening in the world.

According to Mark Eze, “an audience member will adjust his or her perception of the importance of issues in the direction corresponding to the amount of attraction devoted to those issues in the medium used”. In order words, the public’s agenda will come to match the media agenda.

In political advertising, the media set the agenda through the use of jingles, political platforms which the candidates for election and their supporters will necessarily feature in. In these jingles, the media use catchy words and alluring languages that will make the audience to thin about, for instance, the current advert of Goodluck Jonathan that is being aired on hourly and daily basis have made people to think that his name “GOODLUCK” is associated with everything good. This is because the jingles portray Jonathan as a good man, who will bring goodluck and good things to Nigeria.

The media is this aspect has set an agenda in place for people to think about and make better decisions.

 

• Definition of Terms

CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

ASSESSMENT:   This simply means evaluation or estimation of something or idea.

POLITICAL:        Relating to government or public affairs of a country.

ADVERTISING:   The act of publicizing a product in order to promote sales or attendance.

POPULACE:       All the ordinary people of a particular country or idea.

BEHAVIOUR:     The way in which something behaves or respond to a situation or stimulus.

 

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

ASSESSMENT:   To examine something or idea

POLITICAL:        Conduct of government affairs.

ADVERTISING:   This is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor.

POPULACE:       This refers to the general public

BEHAVIOUR:     This has to do with ones attitude or reaction to a situation.

 

• Scope of The Study

This study covers the use of mass media like the radio, magazines, television and other non media sources in disseminating political information.

This study is carried out in some perspective town in three sectional zones of Nigeria.

 

• Limitation of The Study

I embarked on this study with a burning desire to produce an authentic result oriented project.

In pursuit of this noble idea, I encountered some problems

The nature of the study requires the administration of questionnaire which places a lot of financial burden on me.

In the distribution of the questionnaire, there are also difficulties I encountered.

For the fact the project is sensitive, the respondents are hesitant and reluctant to answer the questions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES

 

1. Asante M & Fyre J. (1979) Contemporary Public Communication, Washington DC; Suminact Publication.
2. Datz (1999) Social Research on Broadcasting: Proposal for Further Development; an International Quarterly vol. 6. Pg. 108.
3. Onwudiegwu C. (1991) Political Advertising Matters Arising; Lagos Nigeria: Times Publishing Company Ltd. Pg. 8.
4. Peltason, Cronin & Magleby (2000) (Peltason et al 2000) Government by the People (National Version) New Jersy: Rentice-Hall Inc.
5. Sammuel Merill, III & Benard Grofman (2005) A Unified Theory of Party Computation; New York: Free Press.
6. Stephen and Shato Iyengar 91997) Going Negative: How Political Advertising Shrink and Polarize the Electorate, New York: Free Press.
7. Ugokwe C. (1991) General Vs NPN Warlords; Lagos Vanguard Publishing Company Ltd. Pg. 7 Retrieved From pointblanknews.com.

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN COMMUNITY BANKING

(A CASE STUDY OF NNEBUIFE COMMUNITY BANK NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU).

ABSTRACT

Public relation could be defined a deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its public.

The purpose of this study is to find out a how public relation is practiced at the Nnebuife community Bank Nigeria Limited, Enugu.

The questionnaires administered to the customer, staff and shareholders of the Bank were used in obtaining data for the study.

It was found that Nnebuife community Bank regards public relation as a management function, and as such is given extreme attention by the Bank.

Further study revealed that Nnebuife community Bank treated its customers very well as well as its shareholders, and the employees hence they were all happy to form the publics of the Bank.

The Bank also provided the best financial service possible and values; that is treating their customers with the best services, quality, merit and so on. And this has gone a long way in helping the Bank to survive despite the numerous competitions ensuring in commercial banks and the banking industry in general.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

Introduction —————————————-1

• Background of the study ————————–3
• Statement of problems——————————4
• The purpose of the study—————————-5
• Scope of the study————————————5
• Research Questions———————————-6
• Significance of the study—————————-7
• Limitations of the study—————————–8
• Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO; REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• What is Public Relations—————————11
• Corporate Image————————————-13
• In-House Public Relations————————- 15
• Public Relations Practice at Nnebuife Community Bank (nig) Ltd.
• Organisational /structure of Nnebuife Community Bank (Nig.) Ltd.

2.6.1 Publical Environment——————————————————19

2.6.2 Economic Environment—————————————————-19

2.6.3 Social Environment———————————————————20

2,6,4  Legal Environment——————————————————– 20

Social Responsibility——————————————————— 21

2.8 Public Relations Practitioner————————————————–23

2.8.1 Ability to communicate——————————————————23

2.8.2 Likeability———————————————————————23

2.9 Public Relations Media——————————————————24

Bank Shareholders Relations—————————————————26

2.12Bank Mass-Media Relations———————————————-26

2.13 Bank Staff Relations—————————————–27

• Nigeria Institute of Public Relations———————27
• CHAPTER THREE; METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design——————————————-29

3.2 Area of Study———————————————- 29

3.3 Population for the Study——————————— 29

3.4 Sample and sampling Procedure————————30

3.5 Instrument for Data Collection————————- 30

3.6Method of Data Collection——————————-31

3.7 Method of Data Analysis——————————- 31

 

CHAPTER FOUR; DATA ANALYSIS

4.1 Section One

4.2 Section Two

4.3 Section Three

 

CHAPTER FIVE;  SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation—————————————44

References—————————————————-46

Bibliography————————————————–47

Appendix I—————————————————–48

Appendix II—————————————————-50

Appendix III—————————————————-52

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table           Title

• Occupational Distribution of the

Respondents in percentage

• Distribution of Respondents in years

Of Transaction with Nnebuife community Bank

• Distribution of Respondents on the

Type of Account Operated.

• Distribution of Respondents on their

Relationship with the Bank

• Distribution of Respondents on their

Perception of the Bank.

• Distribution of Respondents on some

Questions about Public Relations in Nnebuife community Bank

• Distribution of Respondents on the

Number of years of service with the Bank

• Distribution of Respondents on condition of

Services at nnebuife community Bank

• Distribution of Respondents on whether they are

Happy with their job

• Distribution of respondents on the

Whether public relations practices extended to the staff.

• Distribution of respondents on knowledge of some public

Relations Practices embarked upon by the Bank.

• Distribution of respondents on the number of

Years of shareh9olding with the Bank.

• Occupational distribution of the

Respondents in percentage.

• Distribution of respondents on the type of

Account being operated.

• Distribution of respondents on how they rate

Nnebuife Community Bank

• Distribution of respondents on attendance of

Any public functions of the Bank.

• Distribution of respondents on whether they have

Received any dividend as a mark of co-ownership of the Bank

• Distribution of respondents on the

Image perception of the Bank

• Distribution of respondents on their

Relationship with the Bank.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The banking industry is a service oriented one.  For any service to be desired, there must be a conscious need for it, such a need must be generated by the knowledge of its ability to satisfy customers, requirement

(Okigbo 1990:237).

Generally, community Banks are run on the basis of profits notive, and they all know the importance of public consent to their continued existence and survival.  People are generally influenced by their belief and impression of certain banks and how they perceive these banks determines the way they will patronize them.

A Community Bank should strive to make plans on how they expect to be perceived by the members of the public, and this image can be communicated through the services offered by the bank; the attitude of the bank’s employees as well as the activities came out by the bank.  Since “reputation” is very important in a bank”s growth, the role of public relations cannot be under-estimated.  At best its practice and importance are recognized more as a useful effective tool of corporate image promotion.

The attitude of the Public towards an organization will determine its credibility.  These attitude could be positive or negative depending on how the organization earns the reputation or image it deserves.

Public relations, which is a two-way communication process involves working with public opinion.  Public relations experts or bridge builders attempt to influence public opinion in a way that is positive to the Babnk they are working for.  It is the responsibility of the public relations expert to disseminate information on what the Bank does and how it does it.

The basic tool for public relations is “communication”. Sequel to this, a public relation personnel must endeavor first to know what the public opinion is through research, how to uphold, correct or change such opinion (planning); after the communication an evaluation of the campaign is necessary for feedback.

Nowadays community Banks generally strive to be seen as efficient and effective”.  Based on this fact, they either set up their own in-house public relations department or employ the services of successful Public Relations Consultancy Firms to polish their image.

On the other hand, some community bank seem to ignore the importance of public relation practice, a specially when such community bank enjoy the patriotism of the community where it serves.

With the Nnebuife community bank Nigeria limited (NCB), still waxing stronger after over seven years of existence, this study will to a great extent show how the bank has been able to build it customers’ confidence through public relation.

The project work is also to fund out how public relation is practiced at the Nnebuife Community Bank Nigeria Limited, and the means the Bank employ to0 achieve an efficient communication with it relevant public.

• BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

The history of Nnebuife community Bank Nigeria Limited, Enugu could be traced back to 31^st may, 1995 when it was issued a provisional License by the corporate Affairs commission Abuja to undertake banking service for the members of the public.

The Bank commerce full business transaction and operations in August, 1997 with a handful of customer patromsing the Bank, and the number of shareholders is quite encouraging.

It started with an authorized capital of five million Naira (5,000,000.00). As at the time of this research, the share capital has been increased to Ten Million Naira (N 10,000,000.00) by the corporate Affair Commission in collaboration with the National Board for Community Banks (NBCB).

Nnebuife Community Bank has Men and Women of good reputation and unquestionable character of the helm of its affair and at the top management levels, hence it continuous survival in the midst of the economic devitalisation engrossing the nation and it populace.
1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

          like any other business enterprise, Nnebuife Community Bank concern is profit maximization. Pursuit of this objective, it is very essential that the Bank put motion some public relation strategy in achieving mutual understanding and good relationship between the Bank and its customer.

Since profit maximization, and good relationship with the Bank’s public are desirable, the public relation practitioner or whosoever is responsible must work hand in hand in achieving the primary objectives of the Bank. And to achieve the primary objectives of the Bank, it is necessary to investigate the following:

(a) How is public relations practiced at the Nnebuife Community Bank (Nig) Ltd?

(b) Does the Bank have good and functional public relation s policy?

(c) How is the public relations policy implemented?

(d) How does the public relation officer relate to the public / customers of the Bank?

(e) What does the public perception of the Bank look like?

 

1.3     THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.

The purpose the study is to find out:

• How Public relation is practiced at the Nnebuife Community Bank
• The Procedure the Bank employs to achieve efficient and effective communication with its Public.
• To justify the need for effective Public relation as a mean for goodwill and Customers satisfaction.
• The effect of the Bank Public relation strategy o its customers.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study will cover the activities of the Public relation or of the general service unit of the Nnebuife Community Bank Nigeria limited.

 

The study centers on Nnebuife Community Bank in order to carry out research finding on the staff and customers of the bank or customers of the bank perceive the image of the Bank

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Thiks study is exploratory. Thus, it only answered series of research question. Most available studies have concentrated on the role of public relation in Nnebuife Community Bank, and how it functions between the staff, customers and the management.

It answered the following research questions:

• what are the reasons for embarking on public relation practies by Nnebuife Community Bank?
• Is there a discernibly pattern for the practice of public relation in Nnebuife Community Bank?
• Does the public relation programme help in promoting the image of the Bank to its various publics/customers?
• What method does the Bank employ achieving effective and efficient Communication with its public?
• Is the public relation practice in NCB (nig) ltd a management function?
• How does public relation practice influence the public of the NCB (Nig) ltd toward perception of the image of the Bank?

 

• SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

Th8e significance of this study is to show how Nnebuife Community Bank Nigeria Limited has been able to use public relation to win its cuotomers confidence. The study will further help to educate other Community Bank on the essence of embarking on public relation practice, using Nnebuife Community Bank as a yardstick because of the achievement ht r Bank has gained through public relation effort.

 

1.7LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research was not intended to be very elaborate, that is to cover a number of Community Banks. Time constraints and financial setback are the reason why Nnebuife Community Bank was selected as a case study in sampling opinions of employees and customers.

 

• DIFINITION OF TERMS

 

ROLE

 

This is a function or part in life or in any event. In order words, it is a function or part assumed by any person or thing

 

PUBLIC

Cutlip, Broom and Center (1985) states that Public is the group of the people bound together by some common interest that is specific to them.

 

Chambers concise 20^th Century Dictionary defined public as a group of people bound together by a common interest that is specific to them and their situation

 

RELATION

 

This is a contract, communication etc, which exist between people, countries, industries, and organization etc

 

PUBLIC RELATIONS

The British Institute of Public Relation defined Public relation “ as a deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its public.

 

World Book 2001 Dictionary defined Public relation as the activities of the organization, institution, or individual that are designed to win the favour of the general Public and purpose.

 

PRACTICE

The action or the process of doing something. In this context, Public relation Practice means the actual duties toward achieving goodwill and to safeguard the reputation of an organization

 

BANK

It is a financial institution that accepts and keeps money for the member of the public. It is also store other valuable items such as gold, jewel lies and other important document for a certain of money.

 

COMMUNITY BANK

A Community Bank is a financial institution which is normally owned by the member of Community or by a group of people. They carry out all financial service rendered by community Bank, like accepting deposits, (current, Saving or deposits accounts). They equally grant loans to members of the community and their other customers and transfer demand deposit among customers and bank when ordered or instructed to do so by their customers through the use of Bank cheque. Since they have other commercial bank as correspondent Banks, they can invest in interest earning financial assets.

 

IMAGE

This is the character or attribute of a person or institution as perceived by the general public. It is the totality of the perception, views, expectation that a given public has on the services or products of an organization or institution.

 

OPINION

This is the feelings or estimation toward another person or organization.

 

ATTITUDE

This could be defined as a method disposition to respond positively or negatively to a given situation, object, person or product. It is a manner of feeling and behaving.

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